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Downtown Hudson Tubes

January 01, 1970

Template:Attached KML/Downtown Hudson Tubes
KML is from Wikidata

The Downtown Hudson Tubes (formerly the Cortlandt Street Tunnel[2]) are a pair of tunnels that carry PATH trains under the Hudson River in the United States, between New York City to the east and Jersey City, New Jersey, to the west. The tunnels run between the World Trade Center station on the New York side and the Exchange Place station on the New Jersey side.

Downtown Hudson Tubes
1909 illustration of flying junction of Uptown Hudson Tubes in Jersey City, New Jersey, which connect to Downtown tubes to the south
Overview
LocationHudson River
Coordinates40°42′54″N 74°01′28″W / 40.7151°N 74.0244°W / 40.7151; -74.0244
SystemPATH
StartWorld Trade Center
EndExchange Place
Operation
Constructed1905–1909
OpenedJuly 19, 1909; 114 years ago (July 19, 1909)
TrafficRailroad
CharacterRapid transit
Technical
Design engineerCharles M. Jacobs
Length5,700 ft (1,737 m)[1]
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
ElectrifiedThird rail, 600 V DC
Tunnel clearance15.25 ft (4.65 m)[1]
Depth of tunnel below water level97 ft (29.6 m)
below sea level[1]
Downtown Hudson Tubes

PATH operates two services through the Downtown Tubes, Newark–World Trade Center and Hoboken–World Trade Center. The former normally operates 24/7, while the latter only operates on weekdays.[3]

Description edit

The Downtown Hudson Tubes use a roughly east-southeast to west-northwest path under the Hudson River, connecting Manhattan in the east with Jersey City in the west. Each track is located in its own tube,[1] which enables better ventilation by the so-called piston effect. When a train passes through the tunnel it pushes out the air in front of it toward the closest ventilation shaft, and also pulls air into the rail tunnel from the closest ventilation shaft behind it.[4][5] The diameter of both downtown tubes is 15 feet 3 inches (4.65 m).[6][5] The underwater section of the tubes is about 5,700 feet (1,737 m) in total.[1][5] The tubes were formed by segmental circular linings of cast-steel, bolted together at the rear of the excavating shields as the shields were driven forward. The tubes are lined with concrete below the top of the cable ducts, and are unlined above these ducts.[5]

On the Manhattan end, the tubes were connected by a balloon loop. The loop fanned out to include five tracks served by six platforms. This layout was built during the construction of the original Hudson Terminal, and a similar layout existed in two of the successive World Trade Center PATH stations that replaced it.[7]: 59–60  The current World Trade Center PATH station includes four platforms, but the general track layout, with the five-track balloon loop, is otherwise similar to that of the previous World Trade Center stations.[8]: S.10 [9]

History edit

The tunnels were the second non-waterborne connection between Manhattan and New Jersey, after the Uptown Hudson Tubes.[7]: 15  The idea for the downtown tunnels was devised by another company in 1903, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Corporation (H&M). However, William Gibbs McAdoo's New York and Jersey Railroad Company, which was constructing the Uptown Tubes, was interested in the H&M tunnel.[10] Early in the planning process, there were elaborate reports that the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) was interested in operating its trains through the Downtown Hudson Tubes, so that the PRR's New York Penn Station could be used solely for non-terminating trains. However, McAdoo denied these rumors, saying, "the Pennsylvania has not one dollar's interest" in such a venture.[11] In January 1905, the Hudson Companies was incorporated for the purpose of completing the Uptown Hudson Tubes. The Hudson Companies would also build a pair of downtown tunnels between the Exchange Place station, in Jersey City, and Hudson Terminal, at the corner of Church and Cortlandt Streets in Lower Manhattan. The company already had a capital of $21 million at the time of its incorporation.[12][13]

Work on the underwater section of the Downtown Tubes started in April 1905.[14] That June, the New York State Board of Commissioners approved of the layout for the Downtown Tubes' Manhattan end.[15] The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company was incorporated in December 1906 to operate a passenger railroad system between New York and New Jersey via the Uptown and Downtown Tubes.[16][17] The Downtown Tubes, located about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) south of the uptown pair, were well under construction by that time,[7]: 19  as 3,000 feet (910 m) of these tubes had been constructed.[17] Construction of the Downtown Tubes proceeded smoothly, and digging on the first of the Downtown Tubes was completed in January 1909, without anyone being killed during the process.[18] The tubes began service on July 19, 1909, with the opening of the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad's Hudson Terminal in lower Manhattan.[7]: 18 [19][20][21] At first, service only ran to Exchange Place, for the connection to the PRR's Exchange Place station.[22][21] Service was extended from Exchange Place to Hoboken Terminal on August 2, 1909; from Exchange Place to Grove Street in 1910; and finally from Grove Street to Park Place station in 1911.[21]

When the original World Trade Center was constructed in the 1960s, the Downtown Tubes remained in service as elevated tunnels until 1970, when a new PATH station was built.[23] The new PATH station opened on July 6, 1971, and the Hudson Terminal was closed at that time.[24] The downtown and uptown tubes were declared National Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks in 1978 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.[25]

The last remnant of Hudson Terminal was a cast-iron tube embedded in the original World Trade Center's foundation, located near Church Street. It was located above the level of the new PATH station, as well as that of the station's replacement after the September 11 attacks. The cast-iron tube was removed in 2008 during the construction of the new World Trade Center,[26] a small section being donated to the Shore Line Trolley Museum along with one of the PATH train cars that were trapped underground when the towers collapsed.[27]

On July 7, 2006, an alleged plot to detonate explosives in the PATH's Downtown Hudson Tubes (initially said to be a plot to bomb the Holland Tunnel) was uncovered by the FBI. The plot included the detonation of a bomb that could significantly destroy and flood the tunnels, endangering all the occupants and vehicles in the tunnel at the time of the explosion. The terror planners believed that Lower Manhattan could, as a result of the explosion, be flooded due to river water surging up the remaining tunnel after the blast. Officials say that this plan was unsound due to the strength of the tunnels. Since semi-trailer trucks are currently not allowed to pass through the Holland Tunnel, and it was infeasible to carry such a bomb on board a PATH train, it was very difficult to get sufficient explosives into the tunnel to accomplish the plan. If the tunnel were to explode and allow water from the Hudson River to flood it, Lower Manhattan would be spared since the area is 2–10 feet (0.61–3.05 m) above sea level. Of the eight planners based in six different countries, three were arrested.[28]

The Downtown Hudson Tubes were severely damaged by Hurricane Sandy. To accommodate repairs, service on the Newark–World Trade Center line between Exchange Place and World Trade Center was suspended during almost all weekends in 2019 and 2020, except for holidays.[29]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Fitzherbert, Anthony (June 1964). "The Public Be Pleased: William Gibbs McAdoo and the Hudson Tubes". Electric Railroaders' Association. from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2018 – via nycsubway.org.
  2. ^ "BUYING BY SPECULATORS NEAR TUNNEL TERMINAL; Frequent Purchases on Dey, Fulton, and Vesey Streets -- Territory West of Broadway Commanding More Attention -- Ownership Covering a Century Ended Last Week". The New York Times. February 26, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  3. ^ . Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. January 2019. Archived from the original on June 29, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  4. ^ Davies, John Vipond (1910). "The Tunnel Construction of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 49 (195). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society: 164–187. JSTOR 983892.
  5. ^ a b c d "The Most Notable Work of the Era" (PDF). The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. 84 (2158): 163–164. July 24, 1909. (PDF) from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  6. ^ "The Worlds Greatest Inter-Urban Tunnels" (PDF). Evening Star. Washington D.C. June 24, 1905. p. 2. (PDF) from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  7. ^ a b c d Cudahy, Brian J. (2002), Rails Under the Mighty Hudson (2nd ed.), New York: Fordham University Press, ISBN 978-0-82890-257-1, OCLC 911046235
  8. ^ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (2007). Permanent WTC PATH Terminal: Environmental Impact Statement. United States Department of Transportation; Federal Transit Administration. from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  9. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 16, 2004). "Blocks; At Site of New Tower, a Game of Inches". The New York Times. from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2018. (a diagram is available ).
  10. ^ "ANOTHER TUNNEL SCHEME; Company Formed to Drive One Under the North River. Would Extend from Cortlandt Street and Broadway to Jersey City -- Purchases of Property Made". The New York Times. March 21, 1903. from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  11. ^ "THE THIRD HUDSON TUNNEL.; W.G. McAdoo Denies the Detailed Report That the Pennsylvania Road is Interested". The New York Times. June 3, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  12. ^ "$21,000,000 COMPANY FOR HUDSON TUNNELS; Will Also Build Ninth Street and Sixth Avenue Subways. FOR CENTRAL PARK ROUTE? Rapid Transit Board Hints at It in Recommending McAdoo Underground Routes to Aldermen". The New York Times. 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  13. ^ "Tunnel Companies Join". New-York Tribune. January 10, 1905. p. 14. from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020 – via newspapers.com  .
  14. ^ "BEGIN SECOND HUDSON TUBE.; Work on New York and Jersey Tunnel to be Started Thursday". The New York Times. April 9, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  15. ^ "APPROVE RIVER TUNNELS.; Commissioners Favor Cortlandt and Morton Street Plans". The New York Times. June 17, 1905. from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  16. ^ The Commercial & Financial Chronicle ...: A Weekly Newspaper Representing the Industrial Interests of the United States. William B. Dana Company. 1914.
  17. ^ a b "$100,000,000 CAPITAL FOR M'ADOO TUNNELS; Railroad Commission Agrees to Issuance of Big Mortgage. McADOO EXPLAINS PROGRESS The Work Very Expensive, but Going on Rapidly -- New Bonds to Take Up Old Issues". The New York Times. December 12, 1906. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  18. ^ "FIFTH TUBE OPEN UNDER THE HUDSON; Chief Engineer Jacobs of the McAdoo System Fires the Shot That Does It. READY FOR CARS ON JULY 1 McAdoo Terminal to Open on the Same Day -- Latest Tunnel Built Without Loss of a Life". The New York Times. 1909. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  19. ^ Taft, William H. (July 20, 1909). "40,000 CELEBRATE NEW TUBES' OPENING; Downtown McAdoo Tunnels to Jersey City Begin Business with a Rush. TRIP TAKES THREE MINUTES Red Fire and Oratory Signalize the Event -- Speeches by Gov. Fort and Others -- Ovation to Mr. McAdoo". The New York Times. from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  20. ^ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. "PATH:History". from the original on November 30, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  21. ^ a b c "Hudson and Manhattan Railroad". Electric Railroads (27). Electric Railroaders Association: 5–6. August 1959. from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  22. ^ "UNDER THE HUDSON BY FOUR TUBES NOW; Second Pair of McAdoo Tunnels to Jersey City Will Open To-morrow. BIG CELEBRATION PLANNED Speeches, Decorations, and Fireworks -- New Tubes Under Cortlandt Street Ferry -- Shore Section Open Aug. 2". The New York Times. July 18, 1909. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  23. ^ Carroll, Maurice (December 30, 1968). "A Section of the Hudson Tubes Is Turned Into Elevated Tunnel". The New York Times. from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  24. ^ Burks, Edward C. (July 7, 1971). "New PATH Station Opens Downtown" (PDF). New York Times. p. 74. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  25. ^ . American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  26. ^ Dunlap, David W. (October 26, 2008). "Another Ghost From Ground Zero's Past Fades Away". The New York Times. from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
  27. ^ "9/11 survivor to Shore Line Museum – HeritageRail Alliance". HeritageRail. November 9, 2015. from the original on April 8, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  28. ^ Schippert, Steve (July 7, 2006). . threatswatch.org. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
  29. ^ Walker, Ameena (December 5, 2018). "World Trade Center's PATH station will close for 45 weekends for repairs". Curbed NY. from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.

Further reading edit

  • Burr, S.D.V. (1885). . New York: John Wiley and Sons. Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2010.

January 01, 1970
downtown, hudson, tubes, template, attached, from, wikidata, formerly, cortlandt, street, tunnel, pair, tunnels, that, carry, path, trains, under, hudson, river, united, states, between, york, city, east, jersey, city, jersey, west, tunnels, between, world, tr. Template Attached KML Downtown Hudson TubesKML is from Wikidata The Downtown Hudson Tubes formerly the Cortlandt Street Tunnel 2 are a pair of tunnels that carry PATH trains under the Hudson River in the United States between New York City to the east and Jersey City New Jersey to the west The tunnels run between the World Trade Center station on the New York side and the Exchange Place station on the New Jersey side Downtown Hudson Tubes1909 illustration of flying junction of Uptown Hudson Tubes in Jersey City New Jersey which connect to Downtown tubes to the southOverviewLocationHudson RiverCoordinates40 42 54 N 74 01 28 W 40 7151 N 74 0244 W 40 7151 74 0244SystemPATHStartWorld Trade CenterEndExchange PlaceOperationConstructed1905 1909OpenedJuly 19 1909 114 years ago July 19 1909 TrafficRailroadCharacterRapid transitTechnicalDesign engineerCharles M JacobsLength5 700 ft 1 737 m 1 Track gauge4 ft 8 1 2 in 1 435 mm standard gaugeElectrifiedThird rail 600 V DCTunnel clearance15 25 ft 4 65 m 1 Depth of tunnel below water level97 ft 29 6 m below sea level 1 Downtown Hudson Tubes PATH operates two services through the Downtown Tubes Newark World Trade Center and Hoboken World Trade Center The former normally operates 24 7 while the latter only operates on weekdays 3 Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingDescription editThe Downtown Hudson Tubes use a roughly east southeast to west northwest path under the Hudson River connecting Manhattan in the east with Jersey City in the west Each track is located in its own tube 1 which enables better ventilation by the so called piston effect When a train passes through the tunnel it pushes out the air in front of it toward the closest ventilation shaft and also pulls air into the rail tunnel from the closest ventilation shaft behind it 4 5 The diameter of both downtown tubes is 15 feet 3 inches 4 65 m 6 5 The underwater section of the tubes is about 5 700 feet 1 737 m in total 1 5 The tubes were formed by segmental circular linings of cast steel bolted together at the rear of the excavating shields as the shields were driven forward The tubes are lined with concrete below the top of the cable ducts and are unlined above these ducts 5 On the Manhattan end the tubes were connected by a balloon loop The loop fanned out to include five tracks served by six platforms This layout was built during the construction of the original Hudson Terminal and a similar layout existed in two of the successive World Trade Center PATH stations that replaced it 7 59 60 The current World Trade Center PATH station includes four platforms but the general track layout with the five track balloon loop is otherwise similar to that of the previous World Trade Center stations 8 S 10 9 History editThe tunnels were the second non waterborne connection between Manhattan and New Jersey after the Uptown Hudson Tubes 7 15 The idea for the downtown tunnels was devised by another company in 1903 the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Corporation H amp M However William Gibbs McAdoo s New York and Jersey Railroad Company which was constructing the Uptown Tubes was interested in the H amp M tunnel 10 Early in the planning process there were elaborate reports that the Pennsylvania Railroad PRR was interested in operating its trains through the Downtown Hudson Tubes so that the PRR s New York Penn Station could be used solely for non terminating trains However McAdoo denied these rumors saying the Pennsylvania has not one dollar s interest in such a venture 11 In January 1905 the Hudson Companies was incorporated for the purpose of completing the Uptown Hudson Tubes The Hudson Companies would also build a pair of downtown tunnels between the Exchange Place station in Jersey City and Hudson Terminal at the corner of Church and Cortlandt Streets in Lower Manhattan The company already had a capital of 21 million at the time of its incorporation 12 13 Work on the underwater section of the Downtown Tubes started in April 1905 14 That June the New York State Board of Commissioners approved of the layout for the Downtown Tubes Manhattan end 15 The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company was incorporated in December 1906 to operate a passenger railroad system between New York and New Jersey via the Uptown and Downtown Tubes 16 17 The Downtown Tubes located about 1 25 miles 2 01 km south of the uptown pair were well under construction by that time 7 19 as 3 000 feet 910 m of these tubes had been constructed 17 Construction of the Downtown Tubes proceeded smoothly and digging on the first of the Downtown Tubes was completed in January 1909 without anyone being killed during the process 18 The tubes began service on July 19 1909 with the opening of the Hudson amp Manhattan Railroad s Hudson Terminal in lower Manhattan 7 18 19 20 21 At first service only ran to Exchange Place for the connection to the PRR s Exchange Place station 22 21 Service was extended from Exchange Place to Hoboken Terminal on August 2 1909 from Exchange Place to Grove Street in 1910 and finally from Grove Street to Park Place station in 1911 21 When the original World Trade Center was constructed in the 1960s the Downtown Tubes remained in service as elevated tunnels until 1970 when a new PATH station was built 23 The new PATH station opened on July 6 1971 and the Hudson Terminal was closed at that time 24 The downtown and uptown tubes were declared National Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks in 1978 by the American Society of Civil Engineers 25 The last remnant of Hudson Terminal was a cast iron tube embedded in the original World Trade Center s foundation located near Church Street It was located above the level of the new PATH station as well as that of the station s replacement after the September 11 attacks The cast iron tube was removed in 2008 during the construction of the new World Trade Center 26 a small section being donated to the Shore Line Trolley Museum along with one of the PATH train cars that were trapped underground when the towers collapsed 27 On July 7 2006 an alleged plot to detonate explosives in the PATH s Downtown Hudson Tubes initially said to be a plot to bomb the Holland Tunnel was uncovered by the FBI The plot included the detonation of a bomb that could significantly destroy and flood the tunnels endangering all the occupants and vehicles in the tunnel at the time of the explosion The terror planners believed that Lower Manhattan could as a result of the explosion be flooded due to river water surging up the remaining tunnel after the blast Officials say that this plan was unsound due to the strength of the tunnels Since semi trailer trucks are currently not allowed to pass through the Holland Tunnel and it was infeasible to carry such a bomb on board a PATH train it was very difficult to get sufficient explosives into the tunnel to accomplish the plan If the tunnel were to explode and allow water from the Hudson River to flood it Lower Manhattan would be spared since the area is 2 10 feet 0 61 3 05 m above sea level Of the eight planners based in six different countries three were arrested 28 The Downtown Hudson Tubes were severely damaged by Hurricane Sandy To accommodate repairs service on the Newark World Trade Center line between Exchange Place and World Trade Center was suspended during almost all weekends in 2019 and 2020 except for holidays 29 See also editHudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse List of bridges tunnels and cuts in Hudson County New Jersey List of fixed crossings of the North River Hudson River North River Tunnels Pennsylvania Railroad Timeline of Jersey City area railroadsReferences edit a b c d e Fitzherbert Anthony June 1964 The Public Be Pleased William Gibbs McAdoo and the Hudson Tubes Electric Railroaders Association Archived from the original on October 13 2014 Retrieved April 24 2018 via nycsubway org BUYING BY SPECULATORS NEAR TUNNEL TERMINAL Frequent Purchases on Dey Fulton and Vesey Streets Territory West of Broadway Commanding More Attention Ownership Covering a Century Ended Last Week The New York Times February 26 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 2 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 PATH Timetable Port Authority of New York and New Jersey January 2019 Archived from the original on June 29 2021 Retrieved January 14 2019 Davies John Vipond 1910 The Tunnel Construction of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 49 195 Philadelphia American Philosophical Society 164 187 JSTOR 983892 a b c d The Most Notable Work of the Era PDF The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 84 2158 163 164 July 24 1909 Archived PDF from the original on October 15 2021 Retrieved September 30 2020 via columbia edu The Worlds Greatest Inter Urban Tunnels PDF Evening Star Washington D C June 24 1905 p 2 Archived PDF from the original on November 24 2021 Retrieved April 24 2018 via Fultonhistory com a b c d Cudahy Brian J 2002 Rails Under the Mighty Hudson 2nd ed New York Fordham University Press ISBN 978 0 82890 257 1 OCLC 911046235 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2007 Permanent WTC PATH Terminal Environmental Impact Statement United States Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration Archived from the original on August 13 2023 Retrieved May 2 2018 Dunlap David W December 16 2004 Blocks At Site of New Tower a Game of Inches The New York Times Archived from the original on October 8 2021 Retrieved February 19 2018 a diagram is available here ANOTHER TUNNEL SCHEME Company Formed to Drive One Under the North River Would Extend from Cortlandt Street and Broadway to Jersey City Purchases of Property Made The New York Times March 21 1903 Archived from the original on November 24 2021 Retrieved April 22 2018 THE THIRD HUDSON TUNNEL W G McAdoo Denies the Detailed Report That the Pennsylvania Road is Interested The New York Times June 3 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 7 2018 Retrieved May 22 2018 21 000 000 COMPANY FOR HUDSON TUNNELS Will Also Build Ninth Street and Sixth Avenue Subways FOR CENTRAL PARK ROUTE Rapid Transit Board Hints at It in Recommending McAdoo Underground Routes to Aldermen The New York Times 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 9 2021 Retrieved May 2 2018 Tunnel Companies Join New York Tribune January 10 1905 p 14 Archived from the original on May 15 2021 Retrieved September 30 2020 via newspapers com nbsp BEGIN SECOND HUDSON TUBE Work on New York and Jersey Tunnel to be Started Thursday The New York Times April 9 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 2 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 APPROVE RIVER TUNNELS Commissioners Favor Cortlandt and Morton Street Plans The New York Times June 17 1905 Archived from the original on May 2 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 The Commercial amp Financial Chronicle A Weekly Newspaper Representing the Industrial Interests of the United States William B Dana Company 1914 a b 100 000 000 CAPITAL FOR M ADOO TUNNELS Railroad Commission Agrees to Issuance of Big Mortgage McADOO EXPLAINS PROGRESS The Work Very Expensive but Going on Rapidly New Bonds to Take Up Old Issues The New York Times December 12 1906 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 25 2018 Retrieved April 24 2018 FIFTH TUBE OPEN UNDER THE HUDSON Chief Engineer Jacobs of the McAdoo System Fires the Shot That Does It READY FOR CARS ON JULY 1 McAdoo Terminal to Open on the Same Day Latest Tunnel Built Without Loss of a Life The New York Times 1909 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 2 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 Taft William H July 20 1909 40 000 CELEBRATE NEW TUBES OPENING Downtown McAdoo Tunnels to Jersey City Begin Business with a Rush TRIP TAKES THREE MINUTES Red Fire and Oratory Signalize the Event Speeches by Gov Fort and Others Ovation to Mr McAdoo The New York Times Archived from the original on April 25 2018 Retrieved May 1 2018 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey PATH History Archived from the original on November 30 2009 Retrieved January 19 2010 a b c Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Electric Railroads 27 Electric Railroaders Association 5 6 August 1959 Archived from the original on July 19 2020 Retrieved February 17 2021 UNDER THE HUDSON BY FOUR TUBES NOW Second Pair of McAdoo Tunnels to Jersey City Will Open To morrow BIG CELEBRATION PLANNED Speeches Decorations and Fireworks New Tubes Under Cortlandt Street Ferry Shore Section Open Aug 2 The New York Times July 18 1909 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 3 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 Carroll Maurice December 30 1968 A Section of the Hudson Tubes Is Turned Into Elevated Tunnel The New York Times Archived from the original on April 9 2018 Retrieved May 2 2018 Burks Edward C July 7 1971 New PATH Station Opens Downtown PDF New York Times p 74 Retrieved May 30 2010 History and Heritage of Civil Engineering Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Tunnel American Society of Civil Engineers Archived from the original on December 3 2009 Retrieved March 13 2009 Dunlap David W October 26 2008 Another Ghost From Ground Zero s Past Fades Away The New York Times Archived from the original on November 13 2017 Retrieved February 24 2017 9 11 survivor to Shore Line Museum HeritageRail Alliance HeritageRail November 9 2015 Archived from the original on April 8 2021 Retrieved September 13 2021 Schippert Steve July 7 2006 ThreatsWatch Org InBrief Foreign Plot to Bomb Holland Tunnel Thwarted Updated threatswatch org Archived from the original on August 12 2021 Retrieved December 29 2017 Walker Ameena December 5 2018 World Trade Center s PATH station will close for 45 weekends for repairs Curbed NY Archived from the original on January 4 2019 Retrieved January 3 2019 Further reading editBurr S D V 1885 Tunneling Under The Hudson River Being a description of the obstacles encountered the experience gained the success achieved and the plans finally adopted for rapid and economical prosecution of the work New York John Wiley and Sons Archived from the original on January 22 2009 Retrieved January 18 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Downtown Hudson Tubes amp oldid 1217067644, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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