A dowel is a cylindrical shape made of wood, plastic, or metal. In its original manufactured form, a dowel is long and called a dowel rod, which are often cut into shorter dowel pins.[citation needed] Dowels are commonly used as structural reinforcements in cabinet making and in numerous other applications, including:
Furniture shelf supports
Moveable game pieces (i.e. pegs)
Hangers for items such as clothing, key rings, and tools
The traditional tool for making dowels is a dowel plate, an iron (or better, hardened tool steel) plate with a hole having the size of the desired dowel. To make a dowel, a piece of wood is split or whittled to a size slightly bigger than desired and then driven through the hole in the dowel plate. The sharp edges of the hole shear off the excess wood.[1][2][3]
A second approach to cutting dowels is to rotate a piece of oversized stock past a fixed knife, or alternatively, to rotate the knife around the stock. Machines based on this principle emerged in the 19th century.[4][5] Frequently, these are small bench-mounted tools.[6][7]
For modest manufacturing volumes, wood dowels are typically manufactured on industrial dowel machines based on the same principles as the rotary cutters described above. Such machines may employ interchangeable cutting heads of varying diameters, thus enabling the machines to be quickly changed to manufacture different dowel diameters. Typically, the mechanism is open-ended, with material guides at the machine's entry and exit to enable fabrication of continuous dowel rods of unlimited length. Since the 19th century, some of these dowel machines have had power feed mechanisms to move the stock past the cutting mechanism.[8][9]
Applicationedit
When dowels are glued into blind holes, a very common case in dowel-based joinery, there must be a path for air and excess glue to escape when the dowel is pressed into place. If no provision is made to relieve the hydraulic pressure of air and glue, hammering the dowel home or clamping the joint can split the wood. An old solution to this problem is to plane a flat on the side of the dowel; some sources suggest planing the flat on the rough stock before the final shaping of the round dowel.[2] Some dowel plates solve the problem by cutting a groove in the side of the dowel as it is forced through; this is done by a groove screw, a pointed screw intruding from the side into the dowel cutting opening.[3]
When two pieces of wood are to be joined by dowels embedded in blind holes, there are numerous methods for aligning the holes. For example, pieces of shot may be placed between the wood pieces to produce indentations when the pieces are clamped together; after the clamp is released, the indentations indicate the center points for drilling.[1]
Historyedit
Hand cut 8" dowel, c1840
The word dowel was used in Middle English; it appears in Wycliffe's Bible translation (circa 1382–1395) in a list of the parts of a wheel: "...and the spokis, and dowlis of tho wheelis..."[10]
^ abIvin Sickels, Exercises in Wood-Working, American Book Company, 1889; see Exercise 18.— Uniting with Dowels, pages 104-105.
^ abDowel Making and Doweling, Scientific American, Vol. XLIX, No. 6 (Aug. 11, 1883); page 88.
^ abH. H. Parker, Making Wood Dowels, Popular Mechanics, Vol. 41, No. 6 (June, 1924); page 957.
^William H. Whitlock, Improvement in Turning Tool, U.S. patent 83,573, granted Oct. 27, 1868.
^Sanford A. Penny, Lathe, U.S. patent 398,077, granted Feb. 19, 1889.
^Edward A. Cherry, Tool for Forming Round Dowels and Rods, U.S. patent 1,367,462, granted Feb. 1, 1921; this is the Stanley No. 77 Dowel and Rod Turner.
^Abdul Aziz, Leonard G. Lee and Lloyd Sevack, Dowel Maker, U.S. patent 6,263,929, granted Aug. 26, 2001; this is the Lee Valley Veritas Dowel Maker.
^Oscar H. Ordway, Dowel Making Machine, U.S. patent 603,965, granted May 10, 1898.
^George W. Davis, Dowel-Making Machine, U.S. patent 1,427,073, granted Aug. 22, 1922.
dowel, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar. For other uses see Dowel disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Dowel news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message A dowel is a cylindrical shape made of wood plastic or metal In its original manufactured form a dowel is long and called a dowel rod which are often cut into shorter dowel pins citation needed Dowels are commonly used as structural reinforcements in cabinet making and in numerous other applications including Furniture shelf supports Moveable game pieces i e pegs Hangers for items such as clothing key rings and tools Wheel axles in toys Detents in gymnastics grips Supports for tiered wedding cakesWooden dowel pins Contents 1 Wood dowel 1 1 Manufacturing process 1 2 Application 1 3 History 2 See also 3 ReferencesWood dowel editSee also Treenail Manufacturing process edit nbsp A dowel plateThe traditional tool for making dowels is a dowel plate an iron or better hardened tool steel plate with a hole having the size of the desired dowel To make a dowel a piece of wood is split or whittled to a size slightly bigger than desired and then driven through the hole in the dowel plate The sharp edges of the hole shear off the excess wood 1 2 3 A second approach to cutting dowels is to rotate a piece of oversized stock past a fixed knife or alternatively to rotate the knife around the stock Machines based on this principle emerged in the 19th century 4 5 Frequently these are small bench mounted tools 6 7 For modest manufacturing volumes wood dowels are typically manufactured on industrial dowel machines based on the same principles as the rotary cutters described above Such machines may employ interchangeable cutting heads of varying diameters thus enabling the machines to be quickly changed to manufacture different dowel diameters Typically the mechanism is open ended with material guides at the machine s entry and exit to enable fabrication of continuous dowel rods of unlimited length Since the 19th century some of these dowel machines have had power feed mechanisms to move the stock past the cutting mechanism 8 9 Application edit When dowels are glued into blind holes a very common case in dowel based joinery there must be a path for air and excess glue to escape when the dowel is pressed into place If no provision is made to relieve the hydraulic pressure of air and glue hammering the dowel home or clamping the joint can split the wood An old solution to this problem is to plane a flat on the side of the dowel some sources suggest planing the flat on the rough stock before the final shaping of the round dowel 2 Some dowel plates solve the problem by cutting a groove in the side of the dowel as it is forced through this is done by a groove screw a pointed screw intruding from the side into the dowel cutting opening 3 When two pieces of wood are to be joined by dowels embedded in blind holes there are numerous methods for aligning the holes For example pieces of shot may be placed between the wood pieces to produce indentations when the pieces are clamped together after the clamp is released the indentations indicate the center points for drilling 1 History edit nbsp Hand cut 8 dowel c1840The word dowel was used in Middle English it appears in Wycliffe s Bible translation circa 1382 1395 in a list of the parts of a wheel and the spokis and dowlis of tho wheelis 10 See also editBar stock Barrel nut Dowel reinforced butt joint Dowel bar retrofit Fastener Kinematic coupling Rebar Spring pin Threaded rod TreenailReferences edit a b Ivin Sickels Exercises in Wood Working American Book Company 1889 see Exercise 18 Uniting with Dowels pages 104 105 a b Dowel Making and Doweling Scientific American Vol XLIX No 6 Aug 11 1883 page 88 a b H H Parker Making Wood Dowels Popular Mechanics Vol 41 No 6 June 1924 page 957 William H Whitlock Improvement in Turning Tool U S patent 83 573 granted Oct 27 1868 Sanford A Penny Lathe U S patent 398 077 granted Feb 19 1889 Edward A Cherry Tool for Forming Round Dowels and Rods U S patent 1 367 462 granted Feb 1 1921 this is the Stanley No 77 Dowel and Rod Turner Abdul Aziz Leonard G Lee and Lloyd Sevack Dowel Maker U S patent 6 263 929 granted Aug 26 2001 this is the Lee Valley Veritas Dowel Maker Oscar H Ordway Dowel Making Machine U S patent 603 965 granted May 10 1898 George W Davis Dowel Making Machine U S patent 1 427 073 granted Aug 22 1922 3 Kings 7 33 in Wycliffe s Bible Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dowel amp oldid 1181268647 In machinery, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
