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Dome A

January 01, 1970

Dome A or Dome Argus is the highest ice dome on the Antarctic Plateau, located 1,200 km (750 mi) inland. It is thought to be the coldest naturally occurring place on Earth, with temperatures believed to reach −90 to −98 °C (−130 to −144 °F).[2] It is the highest ice feature in Antarctica, consisting of an ice dome or eminence 4,093 m (13,428 ft) above sea level. It is located near the center of East Antarctica, approximately midway between the enormous head of Lambert Glacier and the geographic South Pole, within the Australian claim.

Dome A
Dome Argus
Highest point
Elevation4,093 m (13,428 ft)[1]
Prominence1,639 m (5,377 ft)[1]
ListingUltra
Coordinates80°22′S 77°21′E / 80.367°S 77.350°E / -80.367; 77.350[1]
Geography
LocationAntarctica

Description edit

Dome Argus is located on the massive East Antarctic Ice Sheet and is the highest ice feature of Antarctica.[3] Dome A is a lofty ice prominence, the highest rooftop of the Antarctic Plateau, and the elevation visually is not noticeable. Below this enormous dome, underneath at least 2,400 m (7,900 ft) of ice sheet, lies the Gamburtsev Mountain Range, about the size of the European Alps.

The name "Dome Argus" was given by the Scott Polar Research Institute from Greek mythology. Argus built the ship Argo, in which Jason and the Argonauts traveled to Colchis in search of the Golden Fleece.

This site is one of the driest locations on Earth and receives 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) of snow per year. Due to this, as well as calm weather, this site is an excellent location to obtain ice core samples for the research of past climates. Temperatures at Dome A fall below −80 °C (−112 °F) almost every winter.

Exploration edit

Details of the morphology of this feature were determined by the SPRI-NSF-TUD airborne radio echo sounding program between the years 1967 and 1979.

In January 2005 a team from the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions (CHINARE) traversed 1,228 km (763 mi) from Zhongshan Station to Dome A and located the highest point of the ice sheet (4,093 m (13,428 ft) above sea level) by GPS survey at 80°22′S 77°21′E / 80.367°S 77.350°E / -80.367; 77.350 on January 18. This point is near one end of an elongate ridge (about 60 km (37 mi) long and 10 km (6.2 mi) wide), which is a major ice divide and has an elevation difference along its length of only a few meters. An automatic weather station (AWS) was deployed at Dome A, and a second station was installed approximately halfway between the summit and the coast at a site called Eagle (76°25′S 77°01′E / 76.417°S 77.017°E / -76.417; 77.017, 2830 m above sea level). These AWS are operated as part of an ongoing collaboration between China and Australia and include a third AWS (LGB69) at 70°50′S 77°04′E / 70.833°S 77.067°E / -70.833; 77.067, 1,854 m (6,083 ft) above sea level, which has operated since January 2002. The station at Dome A is powered by solar cells and diesel fuel and requires yearly service and refuelling.

Extreme temperatures edit

The coldest air temperature recorded by thermometer at Dome A since January 2005 was −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) in July 2005. This may have been beaten by an unconfirmed reading of −82.7 °C (−116.9 °F) in June 2019.[4] The lowest surface temperature ever measured on the surface of the Earth (−93.2 °C (−135.8 °F)) was recorded by satellite on August 10, 2010, between Dome Argus and Dome Fuji.[5] Analysis of satellite data and atmospheric models shows that Ridge A, which is located 144 km (89 mi) southeast of Dome A, is potentially an even better location to look for the lowest temperatures on Earth.[6]

Observatory edit

The Polar Research Institute of China deployed a robotic observatory called PLATO (PLATeau Observatory) on the dome in January 2008.[7] PLATO was designed and built by the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia to provide a platform from which astronomical observations and site-testing could be conducted.[8] Various institutions from Australia, US, China and the UK provided instruments that were deployed with PLATO, these instruments included CSTAR, Gattini, PreHEAT, Snodar, Nigel and the PLATO web cameras.

The Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences [1] established a wireless network technology based observation system called Dome A-WSN on the dome in January 2008.[9]

The Kunlun Station, China's third station in Antarctica, was set up at the dome on January 27, 2009.[10] Thus far the Antarctic Kunlun Station is suitable as a summer station, but there are plans to develop it further and build an airfield nearby to ease servicing, as it is not reachable by helicopters.[11]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Antarctica Ultra-Prominences" Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
  2. ^ Scambos, T. A.; Campbell, G. G.; Pope, A.; Haran, T.; Muto, A.; Lazzara, M.; Reijmer, C. H.; Van Den Broeke, M. R. (2018). "Ultralow Surface Temperatures in East Antarctica From Satellite Thermal Infrared Mapping: The Coldest Places on Earth". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (12): 6124–6133. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.6124S. doi:10.1029/2018GL078133. hdl:1874/367883.
  3. ^ . Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
  4. ^ G. Ballester Valor (30 June 2019). "Dome A Synop Report Summary". Ogimet.com. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-03-15. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
  6. ^ Saunders, Will; Lawrence, Jon S.; Storey, John W. V.; Ashley, Michael C. B.; Kato, Seiji; Minnis, Patrick; Winker, David M.; Liu, Guiping & Kulesa, Craig (2009). "Where Is the Best Site on Earth? Domes A, B, C, and F, and Ridges A and B". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 121 (883): 976–992. arXiv:0905.4156. Bibcode:2009PASP..121..976S. doi:10.1086/605780. S2CID 11166739.
  7. ^ "International team establishes unique observatory in Antarctica". spaceref.com. 2008-02-03. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
  8. ^ "PLATO – Dome A robotic observatory". UNSW. 2009-12-22. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  9. ^ "中国科考队在南极Dome-A成功安装无线传感器网络". 2008-06-30. Retrieved 30 November 2008.
  10. ^ "China sets up 3rd Antarctic research station". 2009-01-28. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
  11. ^ "Dome A – coldest place on Earth". Wondermondo. 28 September 2010.

Further reading edit

  • Li Yuansheng, Polar Research Institute of China (2005). Introduction to Chinese Dome A Inland Traverse[permanent dead link].

External links edit

  • AAD website
  • NASA-USGS Landsat 8 Satellite Pinpoints Coldest Spots on Earth 2014-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
  • China to Build Third Station in Antarctica (China Daily, Oct 14 2004)
  • Photo Gallery (People's Daily, Jan 19 2005)
  • Chinese Engineer Receives Medical Treatment After Falling Ill During Antarctic Traverse (US National Science Foundation, Jan 19 2005)
  • Expedition Photographs (People's Daily, Jan 21 2005)
  • (Beijing Review, May 2005)
  • OpenStreetMap

January 01, 1970
dome, rgus, highest, dome, antarctic, plateau, located, inland, thought, coldest, naturally, occurring, place, earth, with, temperatures, believed, reach, highest, feature, antarctica, consisting, dome, eminence, above, level, located, near, center, east, anta. Dome A or Dome Argus is the highest ice dome on the Antarctic Plateau located 1 200 km 750 mi inland It is thought to be the coldest naturally occurring place on Earth with temperatures believed to reach 90 to 98 C 130 to 144 F 2 It is the highest ice feature in Antarctica consisting of an ice dome or eminence 4 093 m 13 428 ft above sea level It is located near the center of East Antarctica approximately midway between the enormous head of Lambert Glacier and the geographic South Pole within the Australian claim Dome ADome ArgusDome AAntarcticaHighest pointElevation4 093 m 13 428 ft 1 Prominence1 639 m 5 377 ft 1 ListingUltraCoordinates80 22 S 77 21 E 80 367 S 77 350 E 80 367 77 350 1 GeographyLocationAntarctica Contents 1 Description 2 Exploration 3 Extreme temperatures 4 Observatory 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDescription editDome Argus is located on the massive East Antarctic Ice Sheet and is the highest ice feature of Antarctica 3 Dome A is a lofty ice prominence the highest rooftop of the Antarctic Plateau and the elevation visually is not noticeable Below this enormous dome underneath at least 2 400 m 7 900 ft of ice sheet lies the Gamburtsev Mountain Range about the size of the European Alps The name Dome Argus was given by the Scott Polar Research Institute from Greek mythology Argus built the ship Argo in which Jason and the Argonauts traveled to Colchis in search of the Golden Fleece This site is one of the driest locations on Earth and receives 1 to 3 cm 0 4 to 1 2 in of snow per year Due to this as well as calm weather this site is an excellent location to obtain ice core samples for the research of past climates Temperatures at Dome A fall below 80 C 112 F almost every winter Exploration editDetails of the morphology of this feature were determined by the SPRI NSF TUD airborne radio echo sounding program between the years 1967 and 1979 In January 2005 a team from the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions CHINARE traversed 1 228 km 763 mi from Zhongshan Station to Dome A and located the highest point of the ice sheet 4 093 m 13 428 ft above sea level by GPS survey at 80 22 S 77 21 E 80 367 S 77 350 E 80 367 77 350 on January 18 This point is near one end of an elongate ridge about 60 km 37 mi long and 10 km 6 2 mi wide which is a major ice divide and has an elevation difference along its length of only a few meters An automatic weather station AWS was deployed at Dome A and a second station was installed approximately halfway between the summit and the coast at a site called Eagle 76 25 S 77 01 E 76 417 S 77 017 E 76 417 77 017 2830 m above sea level These AWS are operated as part of an ongoing collaboration between China and Australia and include a third AWS LGB69 at 70 50 S 77 04 E 70 833 S 77 067 E 70 833 77 067 1 854 m 6 083 ft above sea level which has operated since January 2002 The station at Dome A is powered by solar cells and diesel fuel and requires yearly service and refuelling Extreme temperatures editThe coldest air temperature recorded by thermometer at Dome A since January 2005 was 82 5 C 116 5 F in July 2005 This may have been beaten by an unconfirmed reading of 82 7 C 116 9 F in June 2019 4 The lowest surface temperature ever measured on the surface of the Earth 93 2 C 135 8 F was recorded by satellite on August 10 2010 between Dome Argus and Dome Fuji 5 Analysis of satellite data and atmospheric models shows that Ridge A which is located 144 km 89 mi southeast of Dome A is potentially an even better location to look for the lowest temperatures on Earth 6 Observatory editThe Polar Research Institute of China deployed a robotic observatory called PLATO PLATeau Observatory on the dome in January 2008 7 PLATO was designed and built by the University of New South Wales Sydney Australia to provide a platform from which astronomical observations and site testing could be conducted 8 Various institutions from Australia US China and the UK provided instruments that were deployed with PLATO these instruments included CSTAR Gattini PreHEAT Snodar Nigel and the PLATO web cameras The Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 established a wireless network technology based observation system called Dome A WSN on the dome in January 2008 9 The Kunlun Station China s third station in Antarctica was set up at the dome on January 27 2009 10 Thus far the Antarctic Kunlun Station is suitable as a summer station but there are plans to develop it further and build an airfield nearby to ease servicing as it is not reachable by helicopters 11 See also editPole of Cold Pole of Inaccessibility Ridge A Dome C also known as Dome Circe Dome Charlie or Dome Concordia Dome F also known as Dome Fuji or Valkyrie Dome East Antarctica Ranges List of Ultras of AntarcticaReferences edit a b c Antarctica Ultra Prominences Peaklist org Retrieved 2012 09 05 Scambos T A Campbell G G Pope A Haran T Muto A Lazzara M Reijmer C H Van Den Broeke M R 2018 Ultralow Surface Temperatures in East Antarctica From Satellite Thermal Infrared Mapping The Coldest Places on Earth Geophysical Research Letters 45 12 6124 6133 Bibcode 2018GeoRL 45 6124S doi 10 1029 2018GL078133 hdl 1874 367883 Dome A Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior Retrieved 2013 03 11 G Ballester Valor 30 June 2019 Dome A Synop Report Summary Ogimet com Retrieved 5 August 2019 NASA USGS Landsat 8 Satellite Pinpoints Coldest Spots on Earth Archived from the original on 2014 03 15 Retrieved 2013 12 11 Saunders Will Lawrence Jon S Storey John W V Ashley Michael C B Kato Seiji Minnis Patrick Winker David M Liu Guiping amp Kulesa Craig 2009 Where Is the Best Site on Earth Domes A B C and F and Ridges A and B Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 121 883 976 992 arXiv 0905 4156 Bibcode 2009PASP 121 976S doi 10 1086 605780 S2CID 11166739 International team establishes unique observatory in Antarctica spaceref com 2008 02 03 Retrieved 2008 02 05 PLATO Dome A robotic observatory UNSW 2009 12 22 Retrieved 2009 12 22 中国科考队在南极Dome A成功安装无线传感器网络 2008 06 30 Retrieved 30 November 2008 China sets up 3rd Antarctic research station 2009 01 28 Retrieved 28 January 2009 Dome A coldest place on Earth Wondermondo 28 September 2010 Further reading editLi Yuansheng Polar Research Institute of China 2005 Introduction to Chinese Dome A Inland Traverse permanent dead link External links editAAD website NASA USGS Landsat 8 Satellite Pinpoints Coldest Spots on Earth Archived 2014 03 15 at the Wayback Machine PLATO Dome A Robotic Observatory Live Webcams From Dome A International Polar Foundation coverage PLATO Dome A Robotic Observatory Chinese Translation China to Build Third Station in Antarctica China Daily Oct 14 2004 Photo Gallery People s Daily Jan 19 2005 Chinese Engineer Receives Medical Treatment After Falling Ill During Antarctic Traverse US National Science Foundation Jan 19 2005 Expedition Photographs People s Daily Jan 21 2005 An account of the Dome A expedition Beijing Review May 2005 OpenStreetMap Portals nbsp Earth sciences nbsp Geography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dome A amp oldid 1215615684, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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