Coster was born in Amsterdam. On 26 February 1919 he married Lina Maria "Miep" Wijsman, who held a degree in Oriental languages. Eventually, she was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate degree in this field from the University of Leiden. Dirk and Miep had two sons and two daughters (Hendrik, Ada, Els, and Herman). Coster is known as the co-discoverer of hafnium (element 72) in 1923, along with George de Hevesy, by means of X-rayspectroscopic analysis of zirconium ore. The discovery took place in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its name is derived from Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen.
Coster grew up in Amsterdam in a large working-class family; he was the third child of Barend Coster, a blacksmith, and Aafje van der Mik. The Coster family valued education. Ten of their children survived to adulthood and all received enough education to go onto middle-class professions. From 1904 to 1908 Dirk went to the Teacher's College in Haarlem, then was a teacher until 1913. With the aid of private support he was able to study mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden, first having passed the exams required for students who had no gymnasium education. In Leiden he was influenced by the inspiring lectures of Paul Ehrenfest, and in 1916 he obtained his M.Sc. degree. From 1916 to 1920 Coster was assistant of Lodewijk Siertsema and Wander de Haas at the Delft University of Technology, where in 1919 he obtained an Engineer's degree in electrical engineering. In 1920 and 1921 he did research at Lund University under Manne Siegbahn, on X-ray spectroscopy of different elements. Coster's thesis was on this subject, and he obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1922 in Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest; his thesis was entitled "Röntgenspectra en de atoomtheorie van Bohr" (X-ray spectra and Bohr's atomic theory).[1]
Academic careeredit
From August 1922 until the summer of 1923, Coster worked in Niels Bohr's Institute in Copenhagen. Within a few months he co-authored a landmark publication with Bohr, on X-ray spectroscopy and the periodic system of the elements. In addition he worked with chemist George de Hevesy on the identification of element No. 72. Element 72 had been known to be a gap in the sequence of elements since 1914, when Henry Moseley created an experimental technique for placing the elements in a definite sequence. Radiochemist Fritz Paneth suggested that element 72 might be found in ores of zirconium. (Some histories incorrectly attribute this suggestion to physicist Niels Bohr.) Bohr published a prediction of the electronic configuration of element 72 in 1923. von Hevesy had been working with Bohr at the time.
After Coster returned from Copenhagen he became Hendrik Lorentz' assistant at the Teylers Museum in Haarlem, where he developed an X-ray spectrometer. In 1924 he was appointed at the University of Groningen, where he was the successor of Wander de Haas. At Groningen he started an active research program in X-ray spectroscopy.
Coster was politically involved. In 1938 he traveled to Berlin to convince Lise Meitner that she had to leave Germany to escape[1] the persecution of the Jews. Together they went by train to Groningen; at the Dutch border, Coster persuaded German immigration officers that she had permission to travel to the Netherlands. From there she went on to Sweden by way of Copenhagen. During the German occupation of Holland, Coster also helped Jews hide from the Nazis and listened to the BBC on a daily basis using a bicycle-powered radio. He died in Groningen. The asteroid 10445 Coster[2] is named after Dirk Coster.
Publicationsedit
Coster, D (July 1923). "Röntgenspektren und Bohrsche Atomtheorie". Naturwissenschaften. 11 (27): 567–577. Bibcode:1923NW.....11..567C. doi:10.1007/BF01554353. ISSN 0028-1042. S2CID 32356298.
Bohr, N; Coster, D (December 1923). "Röntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente". Zeitschrift für Physik A. 12 (1): 342–374. Bibcode:1923ZPhy...12..342B. doi:10.1007/BF01328104. ISSN 0939-7922. S2CID 120877752.
Coster, D; von Hevesey, G (20 January 1923). "On the missing element of atomic number 72". Nature. 111 (2777): 79. Bibcode:1923Natur.111...79C. doi:10.1038/111079a0.
Coster, D; de Laer Kronig, R (1935). "A new type of Auger effect and its influence on the x-ray spectrum". Physica. 2 (1): 13–24. Bibcode:1935Phy.....2...13C. doi:10.1016/S0031-8914(35)90060-X.
^Dirk Coster (1922). "Röntgenspectra en de atoomtheorie van Bohr" (PDF).
^"D. Coster (1889 - 1950)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
Scerri, Eric R. (March 1994). "Prediction of the nature of hafnium from chemistry, Bohr's theory and quantum theory". Annals of Science. 51 (2): 137–150. doi:10.1080/00033799400200161.
dirk, coster, october, 1889, february, 1950, dutch, physicist, professor, physics, meteorology, university, groningen, coster, born, amsterdam, february, 1919, married, lina, maria, miep, wijsman, held, degree, oriental, languages, eventually, first, women, ob. Dirk Coster 5 October 1889 12 February 1950 was a Dutch physicist He was a professor of Physics and Meteorology at the University of Groningen Dirk CosterCoster was born in Amsterdam On 26 February 1919 he married Lina Maria Miep Wijsman who held a degree in Oriental languages Eventually she was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate degree in this field from the University of Leiden Dirk and Miep had two sons and two daughters Hendrik Ada Els and Herman Coster is known as the co discoverer of hafnium element 72 in 1923 along with George de Hevesy by means of X ray spectroscopic analysis of zirconium ore The discovery took place in Copenhagen Denmark Its name is derived from Hafnia the Latin name for Copenhagen Contents 1 Childhood and education 2 Academic career 3 Later years 4 Publications 5 See also 6 References and further reading 7 External linksChildhood and education editCoster grew up in Amsterdam in a large working class family he was the third child of Barend Coster a blacksmith and Aafje van der Mik The Coster family valued education Ten of their children survived to adulthood and all received enough education to go onto middle class professions From 1904 to 1908 Dirk went to the Teacher s College in Haarlem then was a teacher until 1913 With the aid of private support he was able to study mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden first having passed the exams required for students who had no gymnasium education In Leiden he was influenced by the inspiring lectures of Paul Ehrenfest and in 1916 he obtained his M Sc degree From 1916 to 1920 Coster was assistant of Lodewijk Siertsema and Wander de Haas at the Delft University of Technology where in 1919 he obtained an Engineer s degree in electrical engineering In 1920 and 1921 he did research at Lund University under Manne Siegbahn on X ray spectroscopy of different elements Coster s thesis was on this subject and he obtained his Ph D degree in 1922 in Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest his thesis was entitled Rontgenspectra en de atoomtheorie van Bohr X ray spectra and Bohr s atomic theory 1 Academic career editFrom August 1922 until the summer of 1923 Coster worked in Niels Bohr s Institute in Copenhagen Within a few months he co authored a landmark publication with Bohr on X ray spectroscopy and the periodic system of the elements In addition he worked with chemist George de Hevesy on the identification of element No 72 Element 72 had been known to be a gap in the sequence of elements since 1914 when Henry Moseley created an experimental technique for placing the elements in a definite sequence Radiochemist Fritz Paneth suggested that element 72 might be found in ores of zirconium Some histories incorrectly attribute this suggestion to physicist Niels Bohr Bohr published a prediction of the electronic configuration of element 72 in 1923 von Hevesy had been working with Bohr at the time After Coster returned from Copenhagen he became Hendrik Lorentz assistant at the Teylers Museum in Haarlem where he developed an X ray spectrometer In 1924 he was appointed at the University of Groningen where he was the successor of Wander de Haas At Groningen he started an active research program in X ray spectroscopy In 1934 Coster became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 2 Later years editCoster was politically involved In 1938 he traveled to Berlin to convince Lise Meitner that she had to leave Germany to escape 1 the persecution of the Jews Together they went by train to Groningen at the Dutch border Coster persuaded German immigration officers that she had permission to travel to the Netherlands From there she went on to Sweden by way of Copenhagen During the German occupation of Holland Coster also helped Jews hide from the Nazis and listened to the BBC on a daily basis using a bicycle powered radio He died in Groningen The asteroid 10445 Coster 2 is named after Dirk Coster Publications editCoster D July 1923 Rontgenspektren und Bohrsche Atomtheorie Naturwissenschaften 11 27 567 577 Bibcode 1923NW 11 567C doi 10 1007 BF01554353 ISSN 0028 1042 S2CID 32356298 Bohr N Coster D December 1923 Rontgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente Zeitschrift fur Physik A 12 1 342 374 Bibcode 1923ZPhy 12 342B doi 10 1007 BF01328104 ISSN 0939 7922 S2CID 120877752 Coster D von Hevesey G 20 January 1923 On the missing element of atomic number 72 Nature 111 2777 79 Bibcode 1923Natur 111 79C doi 10 1038 111079a0 Coster D de Laer Kronig R 1935 A new type of Auger effect and its influence on the x ray spectrum Physica 2 1 13 24 Bibcode 1935Phy 2 13C doi 10 1016 S0031 8914 35 90060 X See also editHafnium Coster Kronig transition X ray spectroscopy Auger effectReferences and further reading edit Dirk Coster 1922 Rontgenspectra en de atoomtheorie van Bohr PDF D Coster 1889 1950 Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 19 July 2015 Scerri Eric R March 1994 Prediction of the nature of hafnium from chemistry Bohr s theory and quantum theory Annals of Science 51 2 137 150 doi 10 1080 00033799400200161 Lewin Sime Ruth 1996 Lise Meitner A Life in Physics University of California Press pp 184 209 Chapter Eight Escape ISBN 978 0 520 20860 5 Heisenberg s War The Secret History of the German Bomb by Thomas Powers Da Capo Press 2000 ISBN 0 306 81011 5 No Time to Be Brief A Scientific Biography of Wolfgang Pauli by Charles P Enz Oxford University Press 2002 ISBN 0 19 856479 1 External links edit Echternach Eddy 2007 03 12 Nederlandse Planetoiden Retrieved 2007 03 27 H Brinkman Coster Dirk 1889 1950 in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland History of Hafnium Chemical amp Engineering News article on the history of Hafnium by Eric R Scerri Hafnium and Radioactive Tracers Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dirk Coster amp oldid 1141341454, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
