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Wikipedia

Direct-drive sim racing wheel

January 01, 1970

A direct-drive simulator steering wheel (sometimes abbreviated "DD") is a simulator steering wheel with a direct-drive mechanism between the drive and output, i.e. without gearing (as opposed to simulator steering wheels with reduction gearing via gears or belts[1][2][3][4]), and is used similarly as with other simulator steering wheels for providing torque feedback (often called ""force" feedback") so that the driver, through movement in the steering wheel, gets an interface for sensing what is happening to the car in the simulator. It is an example of human–computer interaction in driving simulators, racing simulators, and racing video games, and is an example of haptic technology

Direct-drive steering wheels typically differ from geared or belted sim racing wheels by being stronger (having more torque), and being able to more accurately reproduce details from the simulator. They are typically constructed using a 3-phase brushless AC servomotor (on more expensive models), or sometimes a hybrid stepper-servomotor, or only a stepper motor[5] (on very affordable models).

History edit

See also: Direct-drive mechanism

Direct-drive mechanisms for use in industrial arms began to be possible in the 1980s, with the use of rare-earth magnets,[3] of which today the most commonly used are neodymium magnets.[6]

Before the 1980s, servo motors were not powerful enough (did not have enough torque) to be used directly, and therefore reduction gears or mechanical belts were added to the motor to leverage and multiply its power.[3] Higher-power motors were not feasible due to the expensive rare-earth materials needed to build them. This problem was surpassed in the 1980s, with the development of less-expensive high-power magnets.[3]

In 2013, direct-drive sim steering wheels were introduced in large scale to the consumer mass market as a more advanced alternative to gear- and belt-driven steering wheels. The first commercially broadly available direct-drive wheel base was released in 2013 by the UK-based Leo Bodnar Electronics, after having been retailing to racing teams and professional centers since 2008.[7] It was followed in 2015 by the US-based SimXperience AccuForce V1, and by the first do-it-yourself open-source hardware OpenSimwheel or "OSW" kits for users with good technical knowledge.

In 2015, a preliminary comparison of gear-driven and direct-drive wheels in the 0–30 Hz frequency range, for a study on hard real-time multibody simulation and high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, concluded that direct-drive wheels are preferable.[8]

Simucube was one of the manufacturers who previously provided Open Sim Wheel kits, and is a brand name owned by the Finnish manufacturer Granite Devices, which also supplies driver electronics for controlling servomotors and stepper motors, both for sim racing and industrial use. Granite Devices started as a hobby project by the Finn Kontkanen Tero when he was building a CNC milling machine, and realised that there was many alternating current servomotors of high quality on the market, but that driver electronics for controlling such motors was expensive or hard to come by. He investigated the operation of AC servos, and realized that it was possible to make usable control electronics with a handful of the latest electronic components and some real-time algorithms. The development of the controller then took around a year. The electronics are based on an IONI motherboard and STM32F4, and a proprietary firmware called MMos. An open source version of this software has been planned for release, but has not yet been released as of 2022.[9]

Performance metrics edit

Issues, quality, and performance indicators of direct-drive wheels, and of sim racing wheels in general, include detail and fidelity of force feedback, smooth torque transmission, nearly-zero backlash, rotary encoder resolution, clipping, dynamic range, torque ripple,[2] cogging torque,[10] drivers and digital signal processing with control electronics,[2][11] signal filtering,[8] backdrive friction,[10][12] low inertia,[12] damping,[12] fast response, precise positioning, electromagnetic interference,[13] and latency.

Construction edit

Motors edit

 
Industrial servomotors and gearboxes, with standardised flange mountings for interchangeability.

The Leo Bodnar, OSW kits, Sim-pli.city and VRS systems are based on industrial servo motors (typically MiGE, Lenze, or Kollmorgen motors), while SimXperience's AccuForce, Frex, Simucube (which initially used a MiGE motor), Fanatec, and Simagic use custom-made motors. The types of motors used vary between high-end 3-phase brushless servomotors[14] and lower budget hybrid stepper-servo motors.[1]

Control electronics edit

Other than the motor, other parts of a complete direct-drive wheelbase include a rotary encoder (the position sensor), a controller board (that translate the FFB data from the game into steering wheel forces), and a motor driver board (servo drive), which fits into a slot of the controller board, and that controls the position, velocity and torque output of the motor.[15] Examples of encoders are the Biss-C and the SinCos encoders, an example of a controller board is the Simucube board, and some examples of motor driver boards are the IONI and the Argon ones.

Torque edit

The torque says something about how "powerful" the engine is, and can be specified in two ways:

  • Continuous torque, the greatest load of which the motor still can perform continuous movement at a continuous speed, and thus performing continuous work
  • Stall torque, the load which will cause the motor to stop so that it can no longer move, and thus produces a holding torque, but not performing any work

The latter always gives a higher number in newton-meters, and is therefore the number that usually is communicated the most by manufacturers to consumers, but is actually a less useful specification since the steering wheel in theory does not perform any work when rotation has stopped. One must therefore be aware of the type of torque specification given when comparing two motors. The relationship between the continuous torque and stall torque can vary between motors, and can say something about the motor characteristics (responsiveness versus strength).[citation needed]

For comparison, usually around 7-10 Nm is experienced in a street car, and on steering wheels with very high torque (e.g. 20 Nm) it may therefore be appropriate to adjust the torque down in the software. However, the stronger motors will often have a faster slew rate (the time an amplifier takes to respond to a signal) which gives better steering response and more realism.

Steering wheel mount edit

Similar to many real-world racing cars, sim-racing steering wheels usually come with a bolt circle of 6×70 mm, which means the wheel is mounted to the base via 6 evenly spaced out screws along a 70 mm circle on the steering wheel. Other bolt circles are sometimes used.

Some steering wheels attach to the base via quick release, as is commonly seen on many real-world racing cars, and these come in many varieties: Proprietary quick releases (e.g. Fanatec QR1 or Simucube SQR, the latter which has a wedge-shaped dovetail), or standardized quick releases such as the D1 spec (used by many manufacturers, including SimXperience, Simagic, Moza, IMMSource). D1 spec couplers are built to the same pattern as the NRG quick coupler approved for use in real-world racing cars per SFI Spec 42.1.[16] Formerly, another common aftermarket quick release has been the Q1R type (not to be confused with the Fanatec QR1). Some quick releases have (often proprietary) integrated contact pins for transferring power and data to buttons and displays on the wheel, but these usually do not work across manufacturers. Others instead use wireless transmission via Bluetooth and inductive (magnetic) power transfer via the quick release. If using a steering wheel and base from two different manufacturers, it is usually possible to connect the steering wheel electronics to the base via a separate USB cable, for example connecting between USB-C, Micro, Mini, or Type B interfaces on the base and wheel.

Base mount edit

On bases with a high torque, the most robust mounting is usually achieved using an industry-standard front-mounted flange mount, and this is often preferred among sim racers, as such base mounts usually are less inclined to bend during heavy steering movements. This typically gives a shorter lever and therefore more sturdy mounting due to less torque on the mounting interface. A de facto industry standard among sim wheels, which again stems from a widely used mechanical industry standard, is a front mount with a bolt circle measuring 4×130 mm diameter and metric M8 screws, which means that four screws are evenly placed along a circle measuring 130 mm in diameter. This roughly corresponds to a square of 91.9 mm × 91.9 mm, which is often quoted as a square pattern with 92 mm long sides.

There are also a number of other proprietary patterns for mounting the base to a sim racing cockpit or table. Some of these instead have mounting on the sides or underside of the base.

List of direct-drive bases edit

Sorted chronologically by time of introduction:

Model Introduced Wheel bolt circle Wheel quick release Front base mount Other base mounts Peak torque (stall torque) Holding torque Slew rate Resolution Motor Other notes
LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2013[7][17] 6×70 mm Not included 4×140 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 99 mm × 99 mm) 		No 16 Nm[18] 8 Nm 40k cpr / 10k ppr EJ encoder[18][19][20] Kollmorgen AKM52G-ANCNEJ00,[21] brushless servomotor, ⌀ 24.2 mm shaft 3000 r/min[18]
LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2 (standard 52 version) 2015[7][18][22] 6×70 mm Not included 4×140 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 99 mm × 99 mm) 		No 16 Nm[1] 8 Nm[18] 16.7M cpr C resolver ("SFD, Smart Feedback Device")[18] Kollmorgen AKM52G-ANCNC-00,[18][23] brushless servomotor, ⌀ 24.2 mm shaft 3000 r/min,[18] rated speed 5600 r/min,[24] rotor inertia 4.58 kg-cm2[24]
LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2 (53 version) 2015[7][18][22] 6×70 mm Not included 4×140 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 99 mm × 99 mm) 		No 20.5[25] missing data 16.7M cpr C resolver ("SFD, Smart Feedback Device")[18] Kollmorgen AKM53G, brushless servomotor, ⌀ 24.2 mm shaft Rated speed 5100 r/min, rotor inertia 6.64 kg-cm2[24]
"OSW" DIY kit, Lenze 2015[26] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 29 Nm[27] 11.4 Nm[27] 16k ppr[27] Lenze MCS12H15L[1][27] 1500 r/min, rotor inertia: 7.3 kg cm2[27]
"OSW" DIY kit, M15 2015[26] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 30 Nm[27] 15 Nm[27] 10k ppr[27] MiGE 130ST-M15015 (large MiGE),[27] ⌀ 22 mm shaft 1500 r/min, rotor inertia: 27.7 kg cm2[27]
"OSW" DIY kit, M10 2015[26] 6×70 mm Q1R (optional) 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[27] 10 Nm[27] 10k ppr[27] MiGE 130ST-M10010 ("small MiGE"), ⌀ 22 mm shaft 1000 r/min, rotor inertia: 19.4 kg cm2[27]
"OSW" DIY kit, Hobbystar 2015[26] 6×70 mm Q1R (optional) 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[27] 10 Nm[27] 10k ppr[27] MiGE 130ST-M10010 ("small MiGE"), ⌀ 22 mm shaft 1000 r/min, rotor inertia: 19.4 kg cm2[27]
Reimer Motorsports OpenSimwheel Premium[28] 2015[citation needed] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 29 Nm[28] 20 Nm[28] 16k cpr[28] Lenze MCS12H15L[28] Granite Devices Argon electronics[28]
Reimer Motorsports OpenSimwheel Premium AKM52[14] 2015[citation needed] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 24 Nm[14] missing data 32k cpr[14] Kollmorgen AKM52 3-phase AC servo,[14] ⌀ 24.2 mm shaft Granite Devices Argon electronics[14]
SimXperience AccuForce V1 2015[29] 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▭ 79.4 mm × 135 mm (M5) 		16 Nm 13 Nm[29] 16k PPR encoder[29] Stepper motor, ⌀ 14 mm shaft
Frex SimWheel DD 2016[30] 3×50.8 mm Frex quick release 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 16 Nm missing data MiGE servomotor Mini USB
Sim-pli.city SW20 2017[31] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[31] 10 Nm 10k ppr encoder[32] MiGE 130ST-M10010 (small MiGE),[32] ⌀ 22 mm shaft Controller: Granite Devices IONI Pro and SimuCUBE;[32] 1000 r/min; rotor inertia 19.4 kg cm2[27]
SimXperience AccuForce V2 2017 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▭ 39.4 mm × 135 mm 		15.6 Nm 13 Nm 16k resolution Hybrid stepper/servomotor,[1] ⌀ 14 mm shaft
Simucube-based pre-assembled OSW kit (large MiGE) (before 2018) 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 30 Nm[33] 15 Nm[33] 5k or 10k ppr encoder[33] MiGE 130ST-M15015, inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft IONI Pro HC (25A)[33] controller, SimuCUBE motherboard; 1500 r/min (MiGE M15); 27.7 kg cm2 (M15)[27]
Simucube-based pre-assembled OSW kit (small MiGE) (before 2018) 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[33] 10 Nm[33] 5k or 10k ppr encoder[33] MiGE 130ST-M10010, inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft IONI Pro (18A)[33] controller, SimuCUBE motherboard; 1000 r/min (MiGE M10); rotor inertia: 19.4 kg cm2 (M10)[27]
Simucube-based pre-assembled OSW kit Biss-C (2018 version), M15 2018[34] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 30 Nm 15 Nm 2018 version: 4.2M cpr with 22-bit[34] MiGE 130ST-M15015,[34] inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft Biss-C encoder;[34] 1500 r/min, 27.7 kg cm2 rotor inertia[27]
Simucube-based pre-assembled OSW kit Biss-C (2018 version), M10 2018[34] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm 10 Nm 2018 version: 4.2M cpr with 22-bit[34] MiGE 130ST-M10010 or MiGE 130ST-M15015,[34] inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft Biss-C encoder;[34] 1000 r/min, 19.4 kg cm2 rotor inertia[27]
simracingbay "OSW" DIY kit 2018[35] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[35] 10 Nm[35] 22-bit 4.2M cpr[36] (originally 2.1M cpr)[35] MiGE 130ST-M10010,[35] ⌀ 22 mm shaft SinCos encoder;[35] driver board: Granite Devices IONI servo drive, IoniProHC 25A;[35][36] 1000 r/min, 19.4 kg cm2 rotor inertia[27]
Augury Simulations SimuCube OSW Kit 2018 6×70 mm Quick release directly on axle (option)[37] 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 18 Nm[23] 6 Nm MiGE servomotor, ⌀ 22 mm shaft
Sim-pli.city SW7C 2018[23] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 7.1 Nm[23] 2.4 Nm Mige 80ST Series Motor,[23] inrunner,[38] ⌀ 21.5 mm shaft
Sim-pli.city SW20 V3[39] 2019 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm[1] 10 Nm 8M cpr[40] MiGE 130ST-M10010,[1][40] inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft 1000 r/min, 19.4 kg cm2 rotor inertia[27]
Simucube 2 Pro 2019[1] 6×70 mm Simucube SQR hub 4×145 mm bolt circle
(□ 102.5 mm × 102.5 mm) (M8) 		No 25 Nm missing data 8.0 4.2M cpr[41] Brushless Servomotor[42]
Simucube 2 Sport 2019 6×70 mm Simucube SQR hub 4×145 mm bolt circle
(□ 102.5 mm × 102.5 mm) (M8) 		No 17 Nm missing data 4.8 22 bit absolute, 4M cpr [43] Brushless Servomotor
Fanatec Podium DD2 2019[44] Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under, triangle:
▽ 78.4 mm (b), 66 mm (h) (M6)

Side: ◦ Two screw holes on each side (M8) 		25 Nm missing data 16 bit 65k cpr (was 8 bit initially)[45][46] Custom-made outrunner servomotor,[42] hollow ⌀ 1+1⁄4 in (32 mm) shaft with USB-C for data and power 12-bit MHL200 rotaty position hall encoder[47] (Hall-position-sensor)
Fanatec Podium DD1 2019[44] Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under, triangle:
▽ 78.4 mm (b), 66 mm (h) (M6)

Side: ◦ Two screw holes on each side (M8) 		20 Nm missing data 16 bit 65k cpr (was 8 bit initially)[45][46] Custom-made outrunner[nb 1] servomotor,[48][42] hollow ⌀ 1+1⁄4 in (32 mm) shaft with USB-C for data and power 12-bit MHL200 rotaty position hall encoder[47] (Hall-position-sensor)
Fanatec Clubsport DD 2023 Fanatec QR2 quick release 12[49]
Fanatec Clubsport DD+ 2023 Fanatec QR2 quick release 15[49]
Simagic Dynamic M10 2020-01[50][51] 6×70 mm D1 spec No Side, rectangle: ▭ Via slots for T-nuts (M6) 10 Nm[52] missing data Servo-Stepper Motor[52] LME2500FE encoder[53]
Sim-pli.city SW8C+ 2020[citation needed] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 8 Nm[52] 6 Nm 8M cpr[40] MiGE 110ST-M06030,[1][40] inrunner
VRS DirectForce Pro 2020[1] 6×70 mm Not included 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 20 Nm 10 Nm 22 bit[45] 4M cpr, Biss encoder[54] MiGE 130ST-M10010, inrunner, ⌀ 22 mm shaft 1000 r/min; rotor inertia 19.4 kg cm2[27]
Simagic Alpha 2020-12-05 6×70 mm D1 spec 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 15 Nm[1] missing data 18 bit[45] 3-phase servomotor[1]
Fanatec CSL DD (with optional 180 W power supply) 2021-04-21[55][56] Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under: ▭ 3 T-slots, 40 mm and 80 mm c-c (M6)

Side: ▭ 2 T-slots, 70 mm c-c (M6) 		8 Nm missing data Brushless servomotor, hollow ⌀ 1+1⁄4 in (32 mm) shaft with USB-C for data and power Flux Barrier Rotor, hall-position-sensor
Fanatec CSL DD (with base 90 W power supply) 2021-04-21[55][56] Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under: ▭ 3 T-slots, 40 mm and 80 mm c-c (M6)

Side: ▭ 2 T-slots, 70 mm c-c (M6) 		5 Nm missing data Brushless servomotor, hollow ⌀ 1+1⁄4 in (32 mm) shaft with USB-C for data and power Flux Barrier Rotor, hall-position-sensor
Simagic Alpha Mini 2021-06-27 6×70 mm D1 spec 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		Side, two holes: ─ (50 mm)

Under, rectangle: ▯ 67 mm × 80 mm 		13 Nm[57] 10 Nm[57] 16k pulses per revolution[58] 3-phase servomotor optimized for sim racing use[58]
Moza R21 2021-06-23 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▯ 78.5 mm × 66 mm (M6) 		21 Nm missing data Servomotor 480 W, 262 144 ppr resolution, 1000 Hz USB, wireless wheel
Moza R16 2021-06-23 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▯ 78.5 mm × 66 mm (M6) 		16 Nm missing data Servomotor 360 W, 262 144 ppr resolution, 1000 Hz USB, wireless wheel
IMMSource (IMMS) ET5 2022-02-12[59][60] 6×70 mm D1 spec 4×130 mm bolt circle (M8)
(□ 92 mm × 92 mm) 		No 17 Nm (8 Nm in low torque mode) missing data 18 bit encoder (262 144 steps) Servomotor
IMMSource (IMMS) ET3 2022-02-12[59][60] 6×70 mm D1 spec 4×130 mm bolt circle
(□ 92 × 92 mm) (M8) 		No 10 Nm missing data 18 bit encoder (262 144 steps) Servomotor Wireless wheel, with USB-C as an alternative
Moza R9 2022-03-10[61][62] 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▯ 78.5 mm × 66 mm (M6)[63] 		9 Nm missing data Servomotor 180 W power supply, wireless wheel
Moza R5 2022-08-30[64] 6×70 mm D1 spec No Under, rectangle:
▯ 78.4 mm × 40 mm (M6)[63] 		5.5 Nm missing data 15 bit encoder (32 768 steps) Servomotor Wireless wheel, with USB-C as an alternative
Logitech G PRO Racing Wheel 2022-09-21[65] 6×44.5 mm (1.75") Logitech quick release No Table clamp 11 Nm Missing data Separate models with support for either Xbox or PlayStation. The paddles can be used for gear shifting or for throttle/braking. Separate paddles for dual clutch operation.
Asetek Invicta 2022-11-10[66] missing data Asetek quick release (with USB and power) Front: Proprietary (M5) Under: ▭ 2 T-slots, 87 mm c-c (M6) 27 Nm ~18 Nm[67] 9.4[68] 22 bit encoder (4 194 304 steps) MiGE servomotor Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release, via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring. Integrated measurement of the motors torque output. Initial models only for PC via USB-C. USB-C hub with 5 ports for extra peripherals (pedals, levers, etc.). Integrated control electronics. External power supply via Molex connector.
Asetek Forte 2022-11-10[66] missing data Asetek quick release (with USB and power) Front: Proprietary (M5) Under: ▭ 2 T-slots, 87 mm c-c (M6) 18 Nm missing data 6.7 22 bit encoder (4 194 304 steps) MiGE servomotor Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release, via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring. Integrated measurement of the motors torque output. Initial models only for PC via USB-C. USB-C hub with 5 ports for extra peripherals (pedals, levers, etc.). Integrated control electronics. External power supply via Molex connector.
Asetek La Prima 2022-11-10[66] missing data Asetek quick release (with USB and power) Front: Proprietary (M5) Under: ▭ 2 T-slots, 87 mm c-c (M6) 12 Nm missing data 22 bit encoder (4 194 304 steps) MiGE servomotor Asetek's entry-level model. Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release, via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring. Integrated measurement of the motors torque output. Initial models only for PC via USB-C. Only one USB-C connection directly to PC. Integrated control electronics. External power supply via Molex connector.
Thrustmaster T818 2022-11-17[69] No New proprietary Thrustmaster quick release No Under: ▭ 4 scrw holes, spaced 79 mm c-c lengthwise, 63 mm c-c widthwise (M6) missing data 10 Nm[70] 168 W power supply, RJ-45 and USB-C interface in the base, proprietary 3-pin contact for electric signals via wheel connector.
Model Introduced Wheel bolt circle Wheel quick release Front base mount Other base mounts Stall torque Maximum continuous torque Resolution Motor Other notes

Legend:

  •   Industry standard or de facto standard
  •   Proprietary
  •   Missing

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Fanatec argues that outrunner motors "increase the moment arm of the motor" and "give more space for higher quality magnets"[48]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jack MacKenzie Buying Guide: 7 of The Best Direct Drive Wheels in 2021, at coachdaveacademy.com, 2021
  2. ^ a b c Richard Baxter Direct drive wheels for sim racing: everything you need to know, at simracingcockpit.com, November 17, 2020
  3. ^ a b c d Asada, H., & Kanade, T. (1983) Design of direct-drive mechanical arms in Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress, and Reliability in Design, Volume 105, Issue 3, pp.312-316
  4. ^ Direct Drive vs Belt Drive vs Gear Drive, SimXperience News at simxperience.com ( on July 5th, 2021)
  5. ^ Open FFBoard |Hackaday.io
  6. ^ "What is a Strong Magnet?". The Magnetic Matters Blog. Adams Magnetic Products. October 5, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d Leo Bodnar SimSteering2 Read-View at mockracer.com, December 19, 2015
  8. ^ a b Pastorino, R., Desloovere, M., Vanneste, F., Degezelle, P., Desmet, W., & Optidrive, N. V. (2015) Development, implementation and validation of a hard real-time multibody simulation for high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, in Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain (Vol. 10).
  9. ^ Installing MMos firmware into SimuCUBE - Granite Devices Knowledge Wiki
  10. ^ a b Barnaby, G., & Roudaut, A. (2019) Mantis: A scalable, lightweight and accessible architecture to build multiform force feedback systems, in Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 937-948).
  11. ^ Expectations vs. Reality – How To Build A Direct Drive Racing Wheel?, Alberto from boxthislap.org, July 24, 2021
  12. ^ a b c Gonzalo Bodnar V2 impressions, at boxthislap.org, October 20, 2016
  13. ^ Jimmy Broadbent Is A Direct Drive Wheel Worth The Money?, Aug 1, 2018
  14. ^ a b c d e f at reimer-motorsports.com, archived on 16.12.2015
  15. ^ How to build a Direct Drive steering wheel - OSW Simucube, by MODIFY UP, Sep 20, 2020
  16. ^ "SFI Foundation - SFI 42.1 Steering Wheel Quick Disconnect/Release - Participating Manufacturers – updated April 21, 2022" (PDF).
  17. ^ SimSteering Wheel by Leo Bodnar – Released 2022-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, at virtualr.net, June 5, 2013
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sim Steering FFB System Version 2, review by SimRacingGarage, Feb 13, 2016
  19. ^ Leo Bodnar SimSteering review video by Sim Racing Garage, at bsimracing.com, 25/03/2014
  20. ^ "Looking to build an OSW setup with Simucube and Kollmorgen AKM motor, could use some help. - Custom / High End Wheels - InsideSimRacing Forums". isrtv.com. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  21. ^ Leo Bodnar SimSteering Review Part 1 (at 1min 30s), review by SimRacingGarage, Mar 24, 2014
  22. ^ a b SS2 reviews, by Gonzalo at boxthislap.org, January 23, 2016
  23. ^ a b c d e Sim Racing Wheel Buyers' Guide 2018 at simracingpaddock.com, March 14, 2018
  24. ^ a b c AKM2G Servo Motor - Specifications, accessed September 3, 2021
  25. ^ SimSteering V2 Force Feedback System (53) Kit, ay ricmotech.com
  26. ^ a b c d Sim Racing Garage – Direct Drive Open Sim Wheel Review, at bsimracing.com, 08/09/2015
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Open Sim Wheel at OpenSimWheel Wiki
  28. ^ a b c d e f at reimer-motorsports.com, archived on 21 Jul 2015
  29. ^ a b c AccuForce Review, at mockracer.com, January 16, 2015
  30. ^ Frex Simwheel DD (Direct Drive), at simrace-blog.com, 23 Jan 2016
  31. ^ a b William Marsh GamerMuscle Reviews SimPliCity SW20 DD Wheel, at simracingpaddock, June 13, 2017
  32. ^ a b c SW20 (20Nm Direct Drive Wheel) - (Discontinued), Sim-pli.city official product page
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h "Pre-assembled Direct Drive Wheel Kit (MiGE/SimuCUBE) (Discontinued) – Sim-plicity". sim-pli.city. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h Sim Cube 30nm Direct Drive Wheel Base Review By The Simpit, at bsimracing.com, 29.6.2018
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Sim Racing Bay OSW Wheel Kit Review, at Sim Racing Garage, Apr 17, 2018
  36. ^ a b SimuCUBE based OSW kit Biss-C – with CM110 case 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine at simracingbay
  37. ^ "Augury Simulations18Nm SimuCube OSW Kit Review" (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2022-09-02.
  38. ^ High-end wheel guide at simracer.es
  39. ^ Richard Baxter Test drive: SimPlicity SW20 V3 DD, at simracingcockpit.com, September 9, 2020
  40. ^ a b c d "All – Tagged "MiGE" – Sim-plicity". sim-pli.city. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  41. ^ Simulator Racing Wheels, at rightstuffracing.com
  42. ^ a b c The 5 Best Direct Drive Wheel Bases By FLOW RACERS
  43. ^ Simucube 2 Sport Official product page
  44. ^ a b Podium series will arrive finally 30th April, by Gonzalo at boxthislap.org, March 13, 2019
  45. ^ a b c d What is going on with the encoder resolution of DD wheelbases? at forum.fanatec.com
  46. ^ a b Marcel Pfister Fanatec Beta Driver V352/356 [DD Performance Update] for Podium Bases ONLY (all steering wheels), Dec 2019
  47. ^ a b FANATEC DD1/DD2 TEARDOWN - How a Fanatec Direct Drive Wheel Base Works (at 41min 47s), BoostedMedia, Feb 2, 2021
  48. ^ a b Podium Direct Drive Motor Dynamics | FANATEC, Apr 29, 2019
  49. ^ a b Fanatec Clubsport DD (DD+) Full Review - A Great Mid/High-Range Direct Drive Option by ECGadget
  50. ^ Laurence Dusoswa Simagic Alpha Review | 15nm Direct Drive Steering Wheel | LONG TERM review | World Exclusive, December 2020
  51. ^ Laurence Dusoswa Simagic Dynamic M10 Unboxing | Chinese technology has arrived in Sim Racing, Dec 31, 2019
  52. ^ a b c William Marsh Sim Racing Wheel Buyer's Guide – 2020 Edition at simracingpaddock.com, March 20, 2020[
  53. ^ Simagic M10 GT1 DD FFB Wheel Kit Review, Sim Racing Garage, Oct 31, 2020
  54. ^ VRS DirectForce Pro DD Wheel System Review, Sim Racing Garage, May 25, 2020
  55. ^ a b Fanatec's CSL DD is a cost-effective direct drive wheel base | Traxion
  56. ^ a b Fanatec Reveals New CSL DD: Entry Level, $350 Direct Drive Wheel Base – GTPlanet
  57. ^ a b Dan Suzuzi Simagic Alpha Mini review
  58. ^ a b "Simagic Alpha Mini".
  59. ^ a b IMMSOURCE : Et vlan ! Encore du nouveau Direct-Drive - Simrace-Blog
  60. ^ a b Immsource, new Chinese Direct Drive - BoxThisLap.org
  61. ^ MOZA Racing Launched 2 New Products | MOZA Sim Racing
  62. ^ MOZA Racing launches GS Steering Wheel R9 Direct Drive Base | Traxion
  63. ^ a b MOZA R5 - The New Cheapest Direct Drive Sim Racing Wheel
  64. ^ Moza's New Budget Direct Drive Bundle - R5 Bundle First Look
  65. ^ "Logitech G Launches Professional-Grade PRO Racing Wheel and Pedals". ir.logitech.com. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  66. ^ a b c "Introducing Direct Drive Wheelbases". Asetek SimSports. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  67. ^ "Review of Asetek Simsports Invicta/Forte Direct Drive Sim Racing Wheel Review by Boosted Media - YouTube".
  68. ^ https://flowracers.com/blog/torque-slew-rate/
  69. ^ Mjolnir (2022-11-17). "Thrustmaster T818 Launch - Brand New Direct Drive Racing Wheel". Sim Racing Setups. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  70. ^ "Thrustmaster T818 Review: A shaky debut to direct drive". racinggames.gg. Retrieved 2023-03-06.

Further reading edit

  • Berber-Solano, T. P., Giacomin, J. A., & Ajovalasit, M. (2013) Effect of steering wheel acceleration frequency distribution on detection of road type, in Ingeniería mecánica, tecnología y desarrollo, 4(4), 145-151.
  • Walmsley, A., & Williams, L. R. T. (1991) The perception of torque pulses, in Perceptual and motor skills, 72(3_suppl), 1223-1227.
  • Yang, S., Tan, H. Z., Buttolo, P., & Johnston, M. (2004) Detection of torque vibrations transmitted through a passively-held rotary switch, in Proceedings of EuroHaptics 2004, 217-222.

External links edit

  • High end wheel comparison, by Gonzalo at boxthislap.org, December 11, 2017
  • SinCos impressions, by Gonzalo at boxthislap.org, December 7, 2017
  • Granite devices and OSW future, by Gonzalo at boxthislap.org, November 5, 2015
  • Sim Racing Garage Direct Drive FFB Wheel System Comparison, June 1, 2015
  • , at racedepartment.com, September 3, 2020

January 01, 1970
direct, drive, racing, wheel, direct, drive, simulator, steering, wheel, sometimes, abbreviated, simulator, steering, wheel, with, direct, drive, mechanism, between, drive, output, without, gearing, opposed, simulator, steering, wheels, with, reduction, gearin. A direct drive simulator steering wheel sometimes abbreviated DD is a simulator steering wheel with a direct drive mechanism between the drive and output i e without gearing as opposed to simulator steering wheels with reduction gearing via gears or belts 1 2 3 4 and is used similarly as with other simulator steering wheels for providing torque feedback often called force feedback so that the driver through movement in the steering wheel gets an interface for sensing what is happening to the car in the simulator It is an example of human computer interaction in driving simulators racing simulators and racing video games and is an example of haptic technologyDirect drive steering wheels typically differ from geared or belted sim racing wheels by being stronger having more torque and being able to more accurately reproduce details from the simulator They are typically constructed using a 3 phase brushless AC servomotor on more expensive models or sometimes a hybrid stepper servomotor or only a stepper motor 5 on very affordable models Contents 1 History 2 Performance metrics 3 Construction 3 1 Motors 3 2 Control electronics 3 3 Torque 3 4 Steering wheel mount 3 5 Base mount 4 List of direct drive bases 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory editSee also Direct drive mechanism Direct drive mechanisms for use in industrial arms began to be possible in the 1980s with the use of rare earth magnets 3 of which today the most commonly used are neodymium magnets 6 Before the 1980s servo motors were not powerful enough did not have enough torque to be used directly and therefore reduction gears or mechanical belts were added to the motor to leverage and multiply its power 3 Higher power motors were not feasible due to the expensive rare earth materials needed to build them This problem was surpassed in the 1980s with the development of less expensive high power magnets 3 In 2013 direct drive sim steering wheels were introduced in large scale to the consumer mass market as a more advanced alternative to gear and belt driven steering wheels The first commercially broadly available direct drive wheel base was released in 2013 by the UK based Leo Bodnar Electronics after having been retailing to racing teams and professional centers since 2008 7 It was followed in 2015 by the US based SimXperience AccuForce V1 and by the first do it yourself open source hardware OpenSimwheel or OSW kits for users with good technical knowledge In 2015 a preliminary comparison of gear driven and direct drive wheels in the 0 30 Hz frequency range for a study on hard real time multibody simulation and high fidelity steering wheel force feedback concluded that direct drive wheels are preferable 8 Simucube was one of the manufacturers who previously provided Open Sim Wheel kits and is a brand name owned by the Finnish manufacturer Granite Devices which also supplies driver electronics for controlling servomotors and stepper motors both for sim racing and industrial use Granite Devices started as a hobby project by the Finn Kontkanen Tero when he was building a CNC milling machine and realised that there was many alternating current servomotors of high quality on the market but that driver electronics for controlling such motors was expensive or hard to come by He investigated the operation of AC servos and realized that it was possible to make usable control electronics with a handful of the latest electronic components and some real time algorithms The development of the controller then took around a year The electronics are based on an IONI motherboard and STM32F4 and a proprietary firmware called MMos An open source version of this software has been planned for release but has not yet been released as of 2022 9 Performance metrics editIssues quality and performance indicators of direct drive wheels and of sim racing wheels in general include detail and fidelity of force feedback smooth torque transmission nearly zero backlash rotary encoder resolution clipping dynamic range torque ripple 2 cogging torque 10 drivers and digital signal processing with control electronics 2 11 signal filtering 8 backdrive friction 10 12 low inertia 12 damping 12 fast response precise positioning electromagnetic interference 13 and latency Construction editMotors edit nbsp Industrial servomotors and gearboxes with standardised flange mountings for interchangeability The Leo Bodnar OSW kits Sim pli city and VRS systems are based on industrial servo motors typically MiGE Lenze or Kollmorgen motors while SimXperience s AccuForce Frex Simucube which initially used a MiGE motor Fanatec and Simagic use custom made motors The types of motors used vary between high end 3 phase brushless servomotors 14 and lower budget hybrid stepper servo motors 1 Control electronics edit Other than the motor other parts of a complete direct drive wheelbase include a rotary encoder the position sensor a controller board that translate the FFB data from the game into steering wheel forces and a motor driver board servo drive which fits into a slot of the controller board and that controls the position velocity and torque output of the motor 15 Examples of encoders are the Biss C and the SinCos encoders an example of a controller board is the Simucube board and some examples of motor driver boards are the IONI and the Argon ones Torque edit The torque says something about how powerful the engine is and can be specified in two ways Continuous torque the greatest load of which the motor still can perform continuous movement at a continuous speed and thus performing continuous work Stall torque the load which will cause the motor to stop so that it can no longer move and thus produces a holding torque but not performing any work The latter always gives a higher number in newton meters and is therefore the number that usually is communicated the most by manufacturers to consumers but is actually a less useful specification since the steering wheel in theory does not perform any work when rotation has stopped One must therefore be aware of the type of torque specification given when comparing two motors The relationship between the continuous torque and stall torque can vary between motors and can say something about the motor characteristics responsiveness versus strength citation needed For comparison usually around 7 10 Nm is experienced in a street car and on steering wheels with very high torque e g 20 Nm it may therefore be appropriate to adjust the torque down in the software However the stronger motors will often have a faster slew rate the time an amplifier takes to respond to a signal which gives better steering response and more realism Steering wheel mount edit Similar to many real world racing cars sim racing steering wheels usually come with a bolt circle of 6 70 mm which means the wheel is mounted to the base via 6 evenly spaced out screws along a 70 mm circle on the steering wheel Other bolt circles are sometimes used Some steering wheels attach to the base via quick release as is commonly seen on many real world racing cars and these come in many varieties Proprietary quick releases e g Fanatec QR1 or Simucube SQR the latter which has a wedge shaped dovetail or standardized quick releases such as the D1 spec used by many manufacturers including SimXperience Simagic Moza IMMSource D1 spec couplers are built to the same pattern as the NRG quick coupler approved for use in real world racing cars per SFI Spec 42 1 16 Formerly another common aftermarket quick release has been the Q1R type not to be confused with the Fanatec QR1 Some quick releases have often proprietary integrated contact pins for transferring power and data to buttons and displays on the wheel but these usually do not work across manufacturers Others instead use wireless transmission via Bluetooth and inductive magnetic power transfer via the quick release If using a steering wheel and base from two different manufacturers it is usually possible to connect the steering wheel electronics to the base via a separate USB cable for example connecting between USB C Micro Mini or Type B interfaces on the base and wheel Base mount edit On bases with a high torque the most robust mounting is usually achieved using an industry standard front mounted flange mount and this is often preferred among sim racers as such base mounts usually are less inclined to bend during heavy steering movements This typically gives a shorter lever and therefore more sturdy mounting due to less torque on the mounting interface A de facto industry standard among sim wheels which again stems from a widely used mechanical industry standard is a front mount with a bolt circle measuring 4 130 mm diameter and metric M8 screws which means that four screws are evenly placed along a circle measuring 130 mm in diameter This roughly corresponds to a square of 91 9 mm 91 9 mm which is often quoted as a square pattern with 92 mm long sides There are also a number of other proprietary patterns for mounting the base to a sim racing cockpit or table Some of these instead have mounting on the sides or underside of the base List of direct drive bases editSorted chronologically by time of introduction Model Introduced Wheel bolt circle Wheel quick release Front base mount Other base mounts Peak torque stall torque Holding torque Slew rate Resolution Motor Other notes LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2013 7 17 6 70 mm Not included 4 140 mm bolt circle M8 99 mm 99 mm No 16 Nm 18 8 Nm 40k cpr 10k ppr EJ encoder 18 19 20 Kollmorgen AKM52G ANCNEJ00 21 brushless servomotor 24 2 mm shaft 3000 r min 18 LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2 standard 52 version 2015 7 18 22 6 70 mm Not included 4 140 mm bolt circle M8 99 mm 99 mm No 16 Nm 1 8 Nm 18 16 7M cpr C resolver SFD Smart Feedback Device 18 Kollmorgen AKM52G ANCNC 00 18 23 brushless servomotor 24 2 mm shaft 3000 r min 18 rated speed 5600 r min 24 rotor inertia 4 58 kg cm2 24 LeoBodnar Sim Steering 2 53 version 2015 7 18 22 6 70 mm Not included 4 140 mm bolt circle M8 99 mm 99 mm No 20 5 25 missing data 16 7M cpr C resolver SFD Smart Feedback Device 18 Kollmorgen AKM53G brushless servomotor 24 2 mm shaft Rated speed 5100 r min rotor inertia 6 64 kg cm2 24 OSW DIY kit Lenze 2015 26 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 29 Nm 27 11 4 Nm 27 16k ppr 27 Lenze MCS12H15L 1 27 1500 r min rotor inertia 7 3 kg cm2 27 OSW DIY kit M15 2015 26 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 30 Nm 27 15 Nm 27 10k ppr 27 MiGE 130ST M15015 large MiGE 27 22 mm shaft 1500 r min rotor inertia 27 7 kg cm2 27 OSW DIY kit M10 2015 26 6 70 mm Q1R optional 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 27 10 Nm 27 10k ppr 27 MiGE 130ST M10010 small MiGE 22 mm shaft 1000 r min rotor inertia 19 4 kg cm2 27 OSW DIY kit Hobbystar 2015 26 6 70 mm Q1R optional 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 27 10 Nm 27 10k ppr 27 MiGE 130ST M10010 small MiGE 22 mm shaft 1000 r min rotor inertia 19 4 kg cm2 27 Reimer Motorsports OpenSimwheel Premium 28 2015 citation needed 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 29 Nm 28 20 Nm 28 16k cpr 28 Lenze MCS12H15L 28 Granite Devices Argon electronics 28 Reimer Motorsports OpenSimwheel Premium AKM52 14 2015 citation needed 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 24 Nm 14 missing data 32k cpr 14 Kollmorgen AKM52 3 phase AC servo 14 24 2 mm shaft Granite Devices Argon electronics 14 SimXperience AccuForce V1 2015 29 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 79 4 mm 135 mm M5 16 Nm 13 Nm 29 16k PPR encoder 29 Stepper motor 14 mm shaft Frex SimWheel DD 2016 30 3 50 8 mm Frex quick release 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 16 Nm missing data MiGE servomotor Mini USB Sim pli city SW20 2017 31 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 31 10 Nm 10k ppr encoder 32 MiGE 130ST M10010 small MiGE 32 22 mm shaft Controller Granite Devices IONI Pro and SimuCUBE 32 1000 r min rotor inertia 19 4 kg cm2 27 SimXperience AccuForce V2 2017 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 39 4 mm 135 mm 15 6 Nm 13 Nm 16k resolution Hybrid stepper servomotor 1 14 mm shaft Simucube based pre assembled OSW kit large MiGE before 2018 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 30 Nm 33 15 Nm 33 5k or 10k ppr encoder 33 MiGE 130ST M15015 inrunner 22 mm shaft IONI Pro HC 25A 33 controller SimuCUBE motherboard 1500 r min MiGE M15 27 7 kg cm2 M15 27 Simucube based pre assembled OSW kit small MiGE before 2018 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 33 10 Nm 33 5k or 10k ppr encoder 33 MiGE 130ST M10010 inrunner 22 mm shaft IONI Pro 18A 33 controller SimuCUBE motherboard 1000 r min MiGE M10 rotor inertia 19 4 kg cm2 M10 27 Simucube based pre assembled OSW kit Biss C 2018 version M15 2018 34 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 30 Nm 15 Nm 2018 version 4 2M cpr with 22 bit 34 MiGE 130ST M15015 34 inrunner 22 mm shaft Biss C encoder 34 1500 r min 27 7 kg cm2 rotor inertia 27 Simucube based pre assembled OSW kit Biss C 2018 version M10 2018 34 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 10 Nm 2018 version 4 2M cpr with 22 bit 34 MiGE 130ST M10010 or MiGE 130ST M15015 34 inrunner 22 mm shaft Biss C encoder 34 1000 r min 19 4 kg cm2 rotor inertia 27 simracingbay OSW DIY kit 2018 35 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 35 10 Nm 35 22 bit 4 2M cpr 36 originally 2 1M cpr 35 MiGE 130ST M10010 35 22 mm shaft SinCos encoder 35 driver board Granite Devices IONI servo drive IoniProHC 25A 35 36 1000 r min 19 4 kg cm2 rotor inertia 27 Augury Simulations SimuCube OSW Kit 2018 6 70 mm Quick release directly on axle option 37 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 18 Nm 23 6 Nm MiGE servomotor 22 mm shaft Sim pli city SW7C 2018 23 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 7 1 Nm 23 2 4 Nm Mige 80ST Series Motor 23 inrunner 38 21 5 mm shaft Sim pli city SW20 V3 39 2019 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 1 10 Nm 8M cpr 40 MiGE 130ST M10010 1 40 inrunner 22 mm shaft 1000 r min 19 4 kg cm2 rotor inertia 27 Simucube 2 Pro 2019 1 6 70 mm Simucube SQR hub 4 145 mm bolt circle 102 5 mm 102 5 mm M8 No 25 Nm missing data 8 0 4 2M cpr 41 Brushless Servomotor 42 Simucube 2 Sport 2019 6 70 mm Simucube SQR hub 4 145 mm bolt circle 102 5 mm 102 5 mm M8 No 17 Nm missing data 4 8 22 bit absolute 4M cpr 43 Brushless Servomotor Fanatec Podium DD2 2019 44 Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under triangle 78 4 mm b 66 mm h M6 Side Two screw holes on each side M8 25 Nm missing data 16 bit 65k cpr was 8 bit initially 45 46 Custom made outrunner servomotor 42 hollow 1 1 4 in 32 mm shaft with USB C for data and power 12 bit MHL200 rotaty position hall encoder 47 Hall position sensor Fanatec Podium DD1 2019 44 Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under triangle 78 4 mm b 66 mm h M6 Side Two screw holes on each side M8 20 Nm missing data 16 bit 65k cpr was 8 bit initially 45 46 Custom made outrunner nb 1 servomotor 48 42 hollow 1 1 4 in 32 mm shaft with USB C for data and power 12 bit MHL200 rotaty position hall encoder 47 Hall position sensor Fanatec Clubsport DD 2023 Fanatec QR2 quick release 12 49 Fanatec Clubsport DD 2023 Fanatec QR2 quick release 15 49 Simagic Dynamic M10 2020 01 50 51 6 70 mm D1 spec No Side rectangle Via slots for T nuts M6 10 Nm 52 missing data Servo Stepper Motor 52 LME2500FE encoder 53 Sim pli city SW8C 2020 citation needed 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 8 Nm 52 6 Nm 8M cpr 40 MiGE 110ST M06030 1 40 inrunner VRS DirectForce Pro 2020 1 6 70 mm Not included 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 20 Nm 10 Nm 22 bit 45 4M cpr Biss encoder 54 MiGE 130ST M10010 inrunner 22 mm shaft 1000 r min rotor inertia 19 4 kg cm2 27 Simagic Alpha 2020 12 05 6 70 mm D1 spec 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 15 Nm 1 missing data 18 bit 45 3 phase servomotor 1 Fanatec CSL DD with optional 180 W power supply 2021 04 21 55 56 Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under 3 T slots 40 mm and 80 mm c c M6 Side 2 T slots 70 mm c c M6 8 Nm missing data Brushless servomotor hollow 1 1 4 in 32 mm shaft with USB C for data and power Flux Barrier Rotor hall position sensor Fanatec CSL DD with base 90 W power supply 2021 04 21 55 56 Requires adapter Fanatec QR1 quick release No Under 3 T slots 40 mm and 80 mm c c M6 Side 2 T slots 70 mm c c M6 5 Nm missing data Brushless servomotor hollow 1 1 4 in 32 mm shaft with USB C for data and power Flux Barrier Rotor hall position sensor Simagic Alpha Mini 2021 06 27 6 70 mm D1 spec 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm Side two holes 50 mm Under rectangle 67 mm 80 mm 13 Nm 57 10 Nm 57 16k pulses per revolution 58 3 phase servomotor optimized for sim racing use 58 Moza R21 2021 06 23 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 78 5 mm 66 mm M6 21 Nm missing data Servomotor 480 W 262 144 ppr resolution 1000 Hz USB wireless wheel Moza R16 2021 06 23 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 78 5 mm 66 mm M6 16 Nm missing data Servomotor 360 W 262 144 ppr resolution 1000 Hz USB wireless wheel IMMSource IMMS ET5 2022 02 12 59 60 6 70 mm D1 spec 4 130 mm bolt circle M8 92 mm 92 mm No 17 Nm 8 Nm in low torque mode missing data 18 bit encoder 262 144 steps Servomotor IMMSource IMMS ET3 2022 02 12 59 60 6 70 mm D1 spec 4 130 mm bolt circle 92 92 mm M8 No 10 Nm missing data 18 bit encoder 262 144 steps Servomotor Wireless wheel with USB C as an alternative Moza R9 2022 03 10 61 62 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 78 5 mm 66 mm M6 63 9 Nm missing data Servomotor 180 W power supply wireless wheel Moza R5 2022 08 30 64 6 70 mm D1 spec No Under rectangle 78 4 mm 40 mm M6 63 5 5 Nm missing data 15 bit encoder 32 768 steps Servomotor Wireless wheel with USB C as an alternative Logitech G PRO Racing Wheel 2022 09 21 65 6 44 5 mm 1 75 Logitech quick release No Table clamp 11 Nm Missing data Separate models with support for either Xbox or PlayStation The paddles can be used for gear shifting or for throttle braking Separate paddles for dual clutch operation Asetek Invicta 2022 11 10 66 missing data Asetek quick release with USB and power Front Proprietary M5 Under 2 T slots 87 mm c c M6 27 Nm 18 Nm 67 9 4 68 22 bit encoder 4 194 304 steps MiGE servomotor Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring Integrated measurement of the motors torque output Initial models only for PC via USB C USB C hub with 5 ports for extra peripherals pedals levers etc Integrated control electronics External power supply via Molex connector Asetek Forte 2022 11 10 66 missing data Asetek quick release with USB and power Front Proprietary M5 Under 2 T slots 87 mm c c M6 18 Nm missing data 6 7 22 bit encoder 4 194 304 steps MiGE servomotor Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring Integrated measurement of the motors torque output Initial models only for PC via USB C USB C hub with 5 ports for extra peripherals pedals levers etc Integrated control electronics External power supply via Molex connector Asetek La Prima 2022 11 10 66 missing data Asetek quick release with USB and power Front Proprietary M5 Under 2 T slots 87 mm c c M6 12 Nm missing data 22 bit encoder 4 194 304 steps MiGE servomotor Asetek s entry level model Power and USB to the steering wheel through the quick release via a hollow drive shaft and a slip ring Integrated measurement of the motors torque output Initial models only for PC via USB C Only one USB C connection directly to PC Integrated control electronics External power supply via Molex connector Thrustmaster T818 2022 11 17 69 No New proprietary Thrustmaster quick release No Under 4 scrw holes spaced 79 mm c c lengthwise 63 mm c c widthwise M6 missing data 10 Nm 70 168 W power supply RJ 45 and USB C interface in the base proprietary 3 pin contact for electric signals via wheel connector Model Introduced Wheel bolt circle Wheel quick release Front base mount Other base mounts Stall torque Maximum continuous torque Resolution Motor Other notes Legend Industry standard or de facto standard Proprietary MissingSee also editSim racing wheel Comparison of racing wheels for a comparison of other types of racing wheels Full motion racing simulator Linkage mechanical Motion simulator Power steering Sawtooth wave Servo drive Servomechanism Virtual reality headsetNotes edit Fanatec argues that outrunner motors increase the moment arm of the motor and give more space for higher quality magnets 48 References edit a b c d e f g h i j k l Jack MacKenzie Buying Guide 7 of The Best Direct Drive Wheels in 2021 at coachdaveacademy com 2021 a b c Richard Baxter Direct drive wheels for sim racing everything you need to know at simracingcockpit com November 17 2020 a b c d Asada H amp Kanade T 1983 Design of direct drive mechanical arms in Journal of Vibration Acoustics Stress and Reliability in Design Volume 105 Issue 3 pp 312 316 Direct Drive vs Belt Drive vs Gear Drive SimXperience News at simxperience com archived on July 5th 2021 Open FFBoard Hackaday io What is a Strong Magnet The Magnetic Matters Blog Adams Magnetic Products October 5 2012 Retrieved October 12 2012 a b c d Leo Bodnar SimSteering2 Read View at mockracer com December 19 2015 a b Pastorino R Desloovere M Vanneste F Degezelle P Desmet W amp Optidrive N V 2015 Development implementation and validation of a hard real time multibody simulation for high fidelity steering wheel force feedback in Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics Barcelona Spain Vol 10 Installing MMos firmware into SimuCUBE Granite Devices Knowledge Wiki a b Barnaby G amp Roudaut A 2019 Mantis A scalable lightweight and accessible architecture to build multiform force feedback systems in Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology pp 937 948 Expectations vs Reality How To Build A Direct Drive Racing Wheel Alberto from boxthislap org July 24 2021 a b c Gonzalo Bodnar V2 impressions at boxthislap org October 20 2016 Jimmy Broadbent Is A Direct Drive Wheel Worth The Money Aug 1 2018 a b c d e f OpenSimwheel Premium AKM52 at reimer motorsports com archived on 16 12 2015 How to build a Direct Drive steering wheel OSW Simucube by MODIFY UP Sep 20 2020 SFI Foundation SFI 42 1 Steering Wheel Quick Disconnect Release Participating Manufacturers updated April 21 2022 PDF SimSteering Wheel by Leo Bodnar Released Archived 2022 01 18 at the Wayback Machine at virtualr net June 5 2013 a b c d e f g h i j Sim Steering FFB System Version 2 review by SimRacingGarage Feb 13 2016 Leo Bodnar SimSteering review video by Sim Racing Garage at bsimracing com 25 03 2014 Looking to build an OSW setup with Simucube and Kollmorgen AKM motor could use some help Custom High End Wheels InsideSimRacing Forums isrtv com Retrieved September 3 2021 Leo Bodnar SimSteering Review Part 1 at 1min 30s review by SimRacingGarage Mar 24 2014 a b SS2 reviews by Gonzalo at boxthislap org January 23 2016 a b c d e Sim Racing Wheel Buyers Guide 2018 at simracingpaddock com March 14 2018 a b c AKM2G Servo Motor Specifications accessed September 3 2021 SimSteering V2 Force Feedback System 53 Kit ay ricmotech com a b c d Sim Racing Garage Direct Drive Open Sim Wheel Review at bsimracing com 08 09 2015 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Open Sim Wheel at OpenSimWheel Wiki a b c d e f OpenSimwheel Premium at reimer motorsports com archived on 21 Jul 2015 a b c AccuForce Review at mockracer com January 16 2015 Frex Simwheel DD Direct Drive at simrace blog com 23 Jan 2016 a b William Marsh GamerMuscle Reviews SimPliCity SW20 DD Wheel at simracingpaddock June 13 2017 a b c SW20 20Nm Direct Drive Wheel Discontinued Sim pli city official product page a b c d e f g h Pre assembled Direct Drive Wheel Kit MiGE SimuCUBE Discontinued Sim plicity sim pli city Retrieved September 3 2021 a b c d e f g h Sim Cube 30nm Direct Drive Wheel Base Review By The Simpit at bsimracing com 29 6 2018 a b c d e f g Sim Racing Bay OSW Wheel Kit Review at Sim Racing Garage Apr 17 2018 a b SimuCUBE based OSW kit Biss C with CM110 case Archived 2022 01 17 at the Wayback Machine at simracingbay Augury Simulations18Nm SimuCube OSW Kit Review in Norwegian Bokmal Retrieved 2022 09 02 High end wheel guide at simracer es Richard Baxter Test drive SimPlicity SW20 V3 DD at simracingcockpit com September 9 2020 a b c d All Tagged MiGE Sim plicity sim pli city Retrieved September 3 2021 Simulator Racing Wheels at rightstuffracing com a b c The 5 Best Direct Drive Wheel Bases By FLOW RACERS Simucube 2 Sport Official product page a b Podium series will arrive finally 30th April by Gonzalo at boxthislap org March 13 2019 a b c d What is going on with the encoder resolution of DD wheelbases at forum fanatec com a b Marcel Pfister Fanatec Beta Driver V352 356 DD Performance Update for Podium Bases ONLY all steering wheels Dec 2019 a b FANATEC DD1 DD2 TEARDOWN How a Fanatec Direct Drive Wheel Base Works at 41min 47s BoostedMedia Feb 2 2021 a b Podium Direct Drive Motor Dynamics FANATEC Apr 29 2019 a b Fanatec Clubsport DD DD Full Review A Great Mid High Range Direct Drive Option by ECGadget Laurence Dusoswa Simagic Alpha Review 15nm Direct Drive Steering Wheel LONG TERM review World Exclusive December 2020 Laurence Dusoswa Simagic Dynamic M10 Unboxing Chinese technology has arrived in Sim Racing Dec 31 2019 a b c William Marsh Sim Racing Wheel Buyer s Guide 2020 Edition at simracingpaddock com March 20 2020 Simagic M10 GT1 DD FFB Wheel Kit Review Sim Racing Garage Oct 31 2020 VRS DirectForce Pro DD Wheel System Review Sim Racing Garage May 25 2020 a b Fanatec s CSL DD is a cost effective direct drive wheel base Traxion a b Fanatec Reveals New CSL DD Entry Level 350 Direct Drive Wheel Base GTPlanet a b Dan Suzuzi Simagic Alpha Mini review a b Simagic Alpha Mini a b IMMSOURCE Et vlan Encore du nouveau Direct Drive Simrace Blog a b Immsource new Chinese Direct Drive BoxThisLap org MOZA Racing Launched 2 New Products MOZA Sim Racing MOZA Racing launches GS Steering Wheel R9 Direct Drive Base Traxion a b MOZA R5 The New Cheapest Direct Drive Sim Racing Wheel Moza s New Budget Direct Drive Bundle R5 Bundle First Look Logitech G Launches Professional Grade PRO Racing Wheel and Pedals ir logitech com Retrieved 23 September 2022 a b c Introducing Direct Drive Wheelbases Asetek SimSports 10 November 2022 Retrieved 1 November 2022 Review of Asetek Simsports Invicta Forte Direct Drive Sim Racing Wheel Review by Boosted Media YouTube https flowracers com blog torque slew rate Mjolnir 2022 11 17 Thrustmaster T818 Launch Brand New Direct Drive Racing Wheel Sim Racing Setups Retrieved 2023 03 06 Thrustmaster T818 Review A shaky debut to direct drive racinggames gg Retrieved 2023 03 06 Further reading editBerber Solano T P Giacomin J A amp Ajovalasit M 2013 Effect of steering wheel acceleration frequency distribution on detection of road type in Ingenieria mecanica tecnologia y desarrollo 4 4 145 151 Walmsley A amp Williams L R T 1991 The perception of torque pulses in Perceptual and motor skills 72 3 suppl 1223 1227 Yang S Tan H Z Buttolo P amp Johnston M 2004 Detection of torque vibrations transmitted through a passively held rotary switch in Proceedings of EuroHaptics 2004 217 222 External links editHigh end wheel comparison by Gonzalo at boxthislap org December 11 2017 SinCos impressions by Gonzalo at boxthislap org December 7 2017 Granite devices and OSW future by Gonzalo at boxthislap org November 5 2015 Sim Racing Garage Direct Drive FFB Wheel System Comparison June 1 2015 MMOS Direct drive wheel in 2020 at racedepartment com September 3 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Direct drive sim racing wheel amp oldid 1219021402, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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