The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel-web tarantulas[2]) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) that move up and down in a stabbing motion. A number of genera, including that of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax), used to be classified in this family but have now been moved to Hexathelidae.[why?]
Dipluridae lack a rastellum (stout conical spines) on their chelicerae. Their carapace is characterized by the head region not being higher than the thoracic region. Their posterior median spinnerets (silk-extruding organs) are much shorter than their posterior lateral spinnerets, which have three segments, and are elongated (almost as long as their opisthosoma). Most of the species are medium to small-sized spiders; some may measure about 15 mm.[3] The cave species Masteria caeca is eyeless.
Biology
Members of this family often build rather messy funnel-webs. Some build silk-lined burrows instead of webs (Diplura, Trechona, some Linothele sp.). They generally build their retreats in crevices in earthen banks, the bark of trees, under logs or in leaf litter.[3]
Distribution
As circumscribed as of July 2020[update], the family is mostly found in South America and the Caribbean, with some genera found in Australia and Oceania.[4]
^ abcdeRobert J. Raven, Peter A. Jell and Robert A. Knezour (2015). "Edwa maryae gen. et sp. nov. in the Norian Blackstone Formation of the Ipswich Basin—the first Triassic spider (Mygalomorphae) from Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 39 (2): 259–263. doi:10.1080/03115518.2015.993300. S2CID 131277819.
^Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 1–180.
^ ab"Family: Dipluridae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
^"Family: Euagridae Raven, 1979". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
^"Family Ischnothelidae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (genus list)". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
^Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D. & Jekel, D. (2017), "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, version 18.0" (PDF), World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2017-07-08
^Jörg Wunderlich (2015). "On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae)". In Jörg Wunderlich (ed.). Beiträge zur Araneologie, 9: Mesozoic spiders and other fossil arachnids. pp. 21–408.
^Jörg Wunderlich (2017). "New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae". In Jörg Wunderlich (ed.). Beiträge zur Araneologie, 10. pp. 72–279.
Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000): An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
Further reading
Chickering, A. M. (1964): Two new species of the genus Accola (Araneae, Dipluridae). Psyche71: 174-180.
Coyle, F. A. (1986): Chilehexops, a new funnelweb mygalomorph spider genus from Chile (Araneae, Dipluridae). Am. Mus. Novit.2860: 1-10. PDF
Goloboff, Pablo A. (1994): Linothele cavicola, a new Diplurinae spider (Araneae, Dipluridae) from the caves in Ecuador. J. Arachnol.22: 70-72. PDF 2019-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
Selden, P.A., da Costa Casado, F. & Vianna Mesquita, M. (2005): Mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Dipluridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Lagerstätte, Araripe Basin, North-east Brazil. Palaeontology 49(4): 817-826. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00561.x
External links
Wikispecies has information related to Dipluridae.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dipluridae.
Taxonomy, housing and captive breeding of Dipluridae sp. including key to all genera
February 07, 2023
dipluridae, family, known, curtain, spiders, confusingly, with, other, distantly, related, ones, funnel, tarantulas, group, spiders, infraorder, mygalomorphae, that, have, pairs, booklungs, chelicerae, fangs, that, move, down, stabbing, motion, number, genera,. The family Dipluridae known as curtain web spiders or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel web tarantulas 2 are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae that have two pairs of booklungs and chelicerae fangs that move up and down in a stabbing motion A number of genera including that of the Sydney funnel web spider Atrax used to be classified in this family but have now been moved to Hexathelidae why DipluridaeTemporal range Norian 1 Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NLinothele fallaxScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum ChelicerataClass ArachnidaOrder AraneaeInfraorder MygalomorphaeClade AvicularioideaFamily DipluridaeSimon 1889GeneraSee text Masteria petrunkevitchi eye pattern Contents 1 Description 2 Biology 3 Distribution 4 Genera 4 1 Transferred to other families 4 2 Extinct species 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDescription EditDipluridae lack a rastellum stout conical spines on their chelicerae Their carapace is characterized by the head region not being higher than the thoracic region Their posterior median spinnerets silk extruding organs are much shorter than their posterior lateral spinnerets which have three segments and are elongated almost as long as their opisthosoma Most of the species are medium to small sized spiders some may measure about 15 mm 3 The cave species Masteria caeca is eyeless Biology EditMembers of this family often build rather messy funnel webs Some build silk lined burrows instead of webs Diplura Trechona some Linothele sp They generally build their retreats in crevices in earthen banks the bark of trees under logs or in leaf litter 3 Distribution EditAs circumscribed as of July 2020 update the family is mostly found in South America and the Caribbean with some genera found in Australia and Oceania 4 Genera EditMain article List of Dipluridae species As of July 2020 update the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera 4 Diplura C L Koch 1850 South America Harmonicon F O Pickard Cambridge 1896 Brazil Linothele Karsch 1879 South America Masteria L Koch 1873 South America Caribbean Philippines Central America Oceania Siremata Passanha amp Brescovit 2018 Brazil Striamea Raven 1981 Colombia Trechona C L Koch 1850 Brazil Troglodiplura Main 1969 Australia Transferred to other families Edit The following genera are now placed in other families elevated from subfamilies 5 6 Allothele Tucker 1920 Euagridae Andethele Coyle 1995 Ischnothelidae Australothele Raven 1984 Euagridae Caledothele Raven 1991 Euagridae Carrai Raven 1984 Euagridae Cethegus Thorell 1881 Euagridae Chilehexops Coyle 1986 Euagridae Euagrus Ausserer 1875 Euagridae Indothele Coyle 1995 Ischnothelidae Ischnothele Ausserer 1875 Ischnothelidae Lathrothele Benoit 1965 Ischnothelidae Leptothele Raven amp Schwendinger 1995 Euagridae Microhexura Crosby amp Bishop 1925 Microhexuridae Namirea Raven 1984 Euagridae Phyxioschema Simon 1889 Euagridae Stenygrocercus Simon 1892 Euagridae Thelechoris Karsch 1881 Ischnothelidae Vilchura Rios Tamayo amp Goloboff 2017 Euagridae Extinct species Edit Extinct genera and species that have been placed in this family include 7 Clostes Menge 1869 Eocene Baltic amber Clostes priscus Menge 1869 Cretadiplura Selden 2005 Early Cretaceous Aptian Crato Formation Brazil 1 Cretadiplura ceara Selden 2005 Dinodiplura Selden 2005 Early Cretaceous Aptian Crato Formation Brazil 1 Dinodiplura ambulacra Selden 2005 Seldischnoplura Raven Jell amp Knezour 2015 Early Cretaceous Aptian Crato Formation Brazil 1 Seldischnoplura seldeni Raven Jell amp Knezour 2015 Edwa Raven Jell amp Knezour 2015 Late Triassic Norian Blackstone Formation Australia 1 Edwa maryae Raven Jell amp Knezour 2015 Phyxioschemoides Wunderlich 2015 Cretaceous Burmese amber 8 Phyxioschemoides collembola Wunderlich 2015 Cethegoides Wunderlich 2017 Cretaceous Burmese amber 9 Cethegoides patricki Wunderlich 2017See also EditSpider familiesReferences Edit a b c d e Robert J Raven Peter A Jell and Robert A Knezour 2015 Edwa maryae gen et sp nov in the Norian Blackstone Formation of the Ipswich Basin the first Triassic spider Mygalomorphae from Australia Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 39 2 259 263 doi 10 1080 03115518 2015 993300 S2CID 131277819 Raven R J 1985 The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Araneae cladistics and systematics Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182 1 180 a b Murphy amp Murphy 2000 a b Family Dipluridae Simon 1889 World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern Retrieved 2020 07 15 Family Euagridae Raven 1979 World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern Retrieved 2020 07 12 Family Ischnothelidae F O Pickard Cambridge 1897 genus list World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern Retrieved 2020 07 15 Dunlop J A Penney D amp Jekel D 2017 A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives version 18 0 PDF World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern retrieved 2017 07 08 Jorg Wunderlich 2015 On the evolution and the classification of spiders the Mesozoic spider faunas and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar Burma Arachnida Araneae In Jorg Wunderlich ed Beitrage zur Araneologie 9 Mesozoic spiders and other fossil arachnids pp 21 408 Jorg Wunderlich 2017 New and rare fossil spiders Araneae in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar Burma including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae In Jorg Wunderlich ed Beitrage zur Araneologie 10 pp 72 279 Murphy Frances amp Murphy John 2000 An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur Further reading EditChickering A M 1964 Two new species of the genus Accola Araneae Dipluridae Psyche 71 174 180 PDF Coyle F A 1986 Chilehexops a new funnelweb mygalomorph spider genus from Chile Araneae Dipluridae Am Mus Novit 2860 1 10 PDF Goloboff Pablo A 1994 Linothele cavicola a new Diplurinae spider Araneae Dipluridae from the caves in Ecuador J Arachnol 22 70 72 PDF Archived 2019 08 04 at the Wayback Machine Selden P A da Costa Casado F amp Vianna Mesquita M 2005 Mygalomorph spiders Araneae Dipluridae from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Lagerstatte Araripe Basin North east Brazil Palaeontology 49 4 817 826 doi 10 1111 j 1475 4983 2006 00561 xExternal links Edit Wikispecies has information related to Dipluridae Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dipluridae Taxonomy housing and captive breeding of Dipluridae sp including key to all genera Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dipluridae amp oldid 1118032774, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
