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Dimple

December 18, 2023

For other uses, see Dimple (disambiguation).

A dimple, also called a gelasin (from Latin gelasinus, from Ancient Greek γελασῖνος (gelasînos)),[1] is a small natural indentation in the flesh on a part of the human body, most notably in the cheek. Numerous cultures believe that cheek dimples are a good luck charm that entices people who perceive them as physically attractive, but they are also associated with heroism and innocence, which has been included in literature for many centuries.

  • Dimple
  • (Gelasin)
Bilateral cheek dimples (as seen on model Miranda Kerr)
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

Medical research debates whether cheek dimples can be inherited or which type of allele they are, but it is certain that humans with cheek dimples are more likely to have them in both cheeks. Depth and length appearances are affected by the shape of the skull and dimples can appear and disappear due to age. There are four types of facial dimples, including cheek, and the cleft chin (sometimes nicknamed a "chin dimple").

Overview edit

Cheek dimples when present, show up when a person makes a facial expression, such as smiling, whereas a chin dimple is a small line on the chin that stays on the chin without making any specific facial expressions. Dimples may appear and disappear over an extended period;[2] a baby born with dimples in their cheeks may lose them as they grow into a child due to their diminishing baby fat.[3]

Anatomy edit

Dimples are usually located on mobile tissue,[4][5] and are possibly caused by variations in the structure of the facial muscle known as zygomaticus major. Specifically, the presence of a double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle may explain the formation of cheek dimples.[6] This bifid variation of the muscle originates as a single structure from the zygomatic bone. As it travels anteriorly, it then divides with a superior bundle that inserts in the typical position above the corner of the mouth. An inferior bundle inserts below the corner of the mouth.

Cheek dimples can occur in any person, but some studies have suggested that dimples (both cheek and chin) are more common in females.[7][8] They can be either permanent,[9] or transient (aging makes dimples appear/disappear due to facial development and muscle growth):[9] a Greek study spanning almost 20 years concluded that 34% of Greek adults had dimples whereas 13% of Greek youths (between 7 and 15 years old) had dimples as well,[10] which might suggest that transient dimples are more common than permanent.[11]

Professor John McDonald, citing limited research, concluded that dimples have been mislabeled as genetically inherited and as a dominant trait.[6][12] It is believed that cheek dimple genes occur on the 5th chromosome, whereas cleft chin genes occur on the 16th.[13] However, the University of Utah considers dimples an "irregular" dominant trait that is probably controlled mostly by one gene but is influenced by other genes.[14]

Characteristics edit

 
Due to face shape, dimples come in many depths, shapes and sizes. Some only show when smiling (panels 1, 3) whereas others can permanently be in a person's face (panel 2).
 
Cheek dimple by the KBC point (right), and a para-angled dimple near the mouth

Having bilateral dimples (dimples in both cheeks) is the most common form of cheek dimples.[15] In a 2018 study of 216 people aged 18–42 with both unilateral (one dimple) and bilateral, 120 (55.6%) had dimples in both of their cheeks.[15] It was originally concluded that 60% of people with one dimple likely have it in their left cheek,[16] but later research concluded that 53% were on the right,[15] however, this may be due to differing cultures. Dimples are analogous and how they form in cheeks varies from person to person.[17] Dimple depth and size can also vary; unilateral dimples are usually large,[18] and a possible 12.8% of bilateral people have dimples positioned asymmetrically.[19] They are not linked with a dimpled chin: a study from 2010 by the University of Ilorin examined 500 Yoruban Nigerians with both uni- and bilateral cheek dimples, discovering that only 36 (7.2%) had a cleft chin as well.[20]

The shape of a person's face can affect the look and form as well:[21] leptoprosopic (long and narrow) faces have long and narrow dimples, and euryprosopic (short and broad) faces have short, circular dimples.[21] People with a mesoprosopic face are more likely to have dimples in their cheeks than any other face shape.[22] Singaporean plastic surgeon Khoo Boo-Chai (1929–2012) determined that a cheek dimple occurs on the intersecting line between the corner of the mouth and the outer canthi of the eye,[23] (nicknamed the "KBC point" in dimple surgery)[5] but people with natural dimples do not always have their dimples on the KBC point.[24] The other common type of facial dimple form near the mouth in three types: lower para-angle (underneath the mouth and lips), para-angle ("around the mouth angle"),[19] and upper para-angle (above the mouth and lips).[25]

Society and culture edit

Cheek dimples are often associated with youth and beauty and are seen as an attractive quality in a person's face, accentuating smiles and making the smile look more cheerful and memorable.[26] Throughout numerous cultures and history, there have been superstitions based on dimples: Chinese culture believes that cheek dimples are a good luck charm[27][5] (particularly, children born with them are seen as pleasant, polite and enthusiastic),[28] but can lead to complicated romantic relationships;[28] Haitian mothers gently form indents into newborns' cheek in hopes of molding dimples into the child's face;[29] and a proverb (often incorrectly credited to Pope Paul VI)[30] argues "A dimple in your cheek/Many hearts you'll seek/A dimple in your chin/The devil within".[31] According to Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets, the dent in Junior Mints is based on this belief, arguing that a unilateral dimple is more attractive than bilateral.[32] Richard Steele wrote that a dimpled laugh "is practised to give a grace to the features, and is frequently made a bait to entangle a gazing lover; this was called by the ancients the Chian laugh."[33] He added: "The prude hath a wonderful esteem for the Chian laugh or dimple [...] and is never seen upon the most extravagant jests to disorder her countenance with the ruffle of a smile [but] very rarely takes the freedom to sink her cheek into a dimple" implying that dimples are alluring due to demure women that have them.[33]

 
Isabelle Gilbert's (not pictured) Dimple Maker claimed to make permanent cheek dimples for women who desired them.

The Englishwoman's Magazine from 1866 featured an article named "The Human Form Divine: Dimples and Wrinkles", which associated cheek dimples with youth. On transient dimples, it wrote: "But generally, dimples mark the departure of youth, and fade away at the approach of crow's feet";[34] "Did you ever see a pretty child's face without dimples in it? Dimples in the cheek—temping dimples—and a dimple in the chin that gave a roguish smartness to the face?"[34] British boxer-turned-Hollywood actor Reginald Denny had his cheek dimples gushed about in a Photoplay article, which Professor Michael Williams inferred that "dimples might also provide a humanizing touch"[35] in the handsome Denny who had "dimples in conjunction with the physique of a young Greek god[.]"[35]

Women without dimples are said to envy the women that have them because dimples are "pitfalls for the men" that "[are] something purely natural and unattainable by art".[34] While it is not possible to give a definite explanation as to why dimples are attractive on a woman, researchers believe this "neutral feature" can be linked to paternity confidence, which is the ability of a man to easily distinguish his own offspring.[36] This has led to artificial attempts to create them: the Ohio-based Dolly Dimpler company advertized in Photoplay about a device that created dimples in customers' cheeks;[37] in 1936, Isabella Gilbert invented the Dimple Maker, a face-fitting brace which pushed dents into the cheeks to emulate dimples,[38] but it is unknown whether the artificial dimples could last this way (the American Medical Association argued that frequent users could develop cancer);[39] and in the 21st century, people undergo dimple surgery.[40]

In fiction edit

The sentiments appear in fiction: authors have described dimples in their characters for centuries to show beauty,[41] especially in women, which has been seen as part of their sex appeal.[41] This is possibly why cheek dimples have been identified with female characters: Anne from Anne of Green Gables envied other female characters' dimples,[42] whereas Wives and Daughters featured a paragraph about Molly wondering whether she was beautiful as she looked in her mirror, which was followed by: "She would have been sure if, instead of inspecting herself with such solemnity, she had smiled her own sweet merry smile, and called out the gleam of her teeth, and the charm of her dimples."[43] Scarlett O'Hara exploited her cheek dimples in Gone with the Wind when she was flirting to get her own way,[44][45] to the point where Rhett is implied to be aware of what she is doing.[46]

Shakespeare often acknowledged cheek dimples, usually on children, such as "the pretty dimples of [the baby boy's] chin and cheek" in The Winter's Tale or the "pretty dimpled boys, like smiling Cupids" from Antony and Cleopatra;[41] however, Adonis' in Venus and Adonis are mentioned from the point of view of the flirting Venus. There are theories that some of his famous female protagonists had them as well, such as Juliet Capulet,[41][34] "Jessica and Maria [and] Rosalind."[34]

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Garg, Anu. "A.Word.A.Day". Wordsmith. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  2. ^ Wiedemann Hans-Rudolf (July 1990). "Cheek Dimples". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 36 (3): 376. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320360337. PMID 2363446.
  3. ^ "Are facial dimples determined by genetics?". Genetics Home Reference. U. S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  4. ^ Cummins, H (1966). Morris' Human Anatomy (12 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co. p. 112. ASIN B002JHKLHE.
  5. ^ a b c Almaary et al. (2018), p. 22
  6. ^ a b Pessa, Joel E; Zadoo, Vikram P; Garza, Peter A; Adrian Jr, Erle K; Dewitt, Adriane I; Garza, Jaime R (1998). "Double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle: anatomy, incidence, and clinical correlation". Clinical Anatomy. 11 (5): 310–3. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:5<310::AID-CA3>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 9725574. S2CID 39003016.
  7. ^ Almaary et al. (2018), p. 23: "Among the 120 individuals with bilateral dimples, 99 (82.5%) were female and 21 (17.5%) were male. Regarding the 96 participants with unilateral dimples, 72 (75%) were female and 24 (25%) were male."
  8. ^ Omotoso, Adeniyi & Medubi (2010), p. 242: "7.2% of the [Nigerian] population studied had both cheek dimples and chin dimple, as it was found to be present in a total of 36 out of 500 south-western Nigerians. The incidence was higher in females (n=22; 4.4%) than males (n=14; 2.8%)."
  9. ^ a b Omotoso, Adeniyi & Medubi (2010), p. 241
  10. ^ Abrahams, Marc (July 5, 2005). "Greek Cheek". The Guardian. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  11. ^ Pentzos-DaPonte, Athena; Vienna, Alessandro; Brant, Larry; Hauser, Gertrude (October 2004). "Cheek dimples in Greek children and adolescents". International Journal of Anthropology. 19 (4): 289–295. doi:10.1007/BF02449856. S2CID 85295663.
  12. ^ McDonald, J.H. "Myths of Human Genetics". Sparky House Publishing. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  13. ^ Omotoso, Adeniyi & Medubi (2010), p. 244
  14. ^ Utah. "Observable Human Characteristics". Archived from the original on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  15. ^ a b c Almaary et al. (2018), p. 23
  16. ^ KBC (1962), p. 281
  17. ^ Almaary et al. (2018), p. 24
  18. ^ KBC (1962), p. 281: "If it is a single dimple, then the big one is more common."
  19. ^ a b KBC (1962), p. 284
  20. ^ Omotoso, Adeniyi & Medubi (2010), p. 242
  21. ^ a b Almaary et al. (2018), p. 25
  22. ^ Almaary et al. (2018), p. 23: "Most of the people included in this study had the mesoprosopic facial form (132 (61.1%)..."
  23. ^ KBC (1962), p. 284, caption under Figure 6 photo: "Bisection of perpendicular line dropped from external canthus..."
  24. ^ Almaary et al. (2018), p. 22, 25: "We found that 54.8 percent of the total dimples [out of 336 individual dimples] were not positioned on the KBC point. [...] We observed a higher prevalence of dimples among the mesoprosopic group, compared to the other two groups, with no unilateral or bilateral predominence [sic]."
  25. ^ KBC (1962), p. 283-284; Almaary et al. (2018), p. 22
  26. ^ Almaary et al. (2018), p. 22: "Some believe that dimples make a person's smile more memorable and distinct, associating it with cheerfulness."
  27. ^ KBC (1962), p. 281: "...it has come to be accepted [in Chinese culture] that a dimpled wife is one who brings happiness and good luck to the family."
  28. ^ a b "Face Reading Cheek Dimples". Your Chinese Astrology. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  29. ^ Dempsey, P. A.; Gesse, T. (May 1983). "The childbearing Haitian refugee--cultural applications to clinical nursing". Public Health Reports. 98 (3): 261–267. ISSN 0033-3549. PMC 1424445. PMID 6867258.
  30. ^ "20 Delightful Dimple Quotes". enkiquotes.com. 22 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  31. ^ de Lys, Claudia (1958). A Treasury of Superstitions. Philosophical Library. p. 99. OCLC 31114923.
  32. ^ Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, AnnaKate (28 March 2014). "Junior Mints". Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets. New York: Springer Science & Business Media: 97. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9383-9. ISBN 978-1-4614-9382-2. S2CID 199492484.
  33. ^ a b Steele, Richard. "On Laughter". The Tatler. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  34. ^ a b c d e Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine (1866)
  35. ^ a b Williams, Michael (2013). "Shadows of Desire: War, Youth and Classical Vernacular". Film Stardom, Myth and Classicism: The Rise of Hollywood's Gods. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillian. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-230-35544-6.
  36. ^ Salter, Frank (1996-07-01). "Carrier females and sender males: An evolutionary hypothesis linking female attractiveness, family resemblance, and paternity confidence". Ethology and Sociobiology. 17 (4): 211–220. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(96)00036-2. ISSN 0162-3095.
  37. ^ "Advertising Section". Photoplay. No. April 1926. 1926. p. 142. Positively dimples can lie made with the DOLLY DIMPLER, a simple harm-less device invented by a woman.
  38. ^ "Bizarro Beauty Products, from 1889 to Now | Collectors Weekly". Collector's Weekly. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Modern Mechanix has uncovered several other disturbing 1930s and '40s beauty devices, including Isabella Gilbert's metal brace that could dig those smiley dimples right into your face...
  39. ^ "Bad Inventions: Dimple Maker – History By Zim". History by Zim. 4 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23.
  40. ^ Hosie, Rachel (23 July 2017). "DIMPLEPLASTY: INCREASING NUMBER OF MILLENNIALS HAVING COSMETIC SURGERY TO CREATE DIMPLES". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  41. ^ a b c d Dunkling, Leslie (July 6, 2006). When Romeo Met Juliet. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-1412055437.
  42. ^ Montgomery, L. M. Anne of Green Gables. p. 248. 'Mrs. Allan has a lovely smile; she has such exquisite dimples in her cheeks. I wish I had dimples in my cheeks, Marilla. I'm not half so skinny as I was when I came here, but I have no dimples yet. If I had perhaps I could influence people for good...'
  43. ^ Gaskell, Elizabeth (1866). Wives and Daughters. p. 121.
  44. ^ Gone with the Wind (1936), p. 5–6: But she smiled when she spoke, consciously deepening her dimple and fluttering her bristly black lashes as swiftly as butterflies' wings. The boys were enchanted, as she had intended them to be, and they hastened to apologize for boring her.
  45. ^ Gone with the Wind (1936), p. 215: [Scarlett's] spirits rose, as always at the sight of her white skin and slanting green eyes, and she smiled to bring out her dimples.
  46. ^ Gone with the Wind (1936), p. 223: "Better stick to your own weapons—dimples, vases, and the like."

Research and literature cited edit

  • Omotoso, GO; Adeniyi, PA; Medubi, LJ (2010). "Prevalence of facial dimples amongst South-western Nigerians: a case study of Ilorin, Kwara State of Nigeria". International Journal of Biomed Science. 6 (4): 241–244.
  • "Dimples and Wrinkles". The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine. An Illustrated Journal, Combining Practical Information, Instruction, and Amusement. The Human Form Divine. 1: 304. 1866.
  • Margaret Mitchell (1936). Gone with the Wind (1944 ed.). New York: The Macmillian Company.
  • Boo-Chai, Khoo (1962). "The facial dimple—clinical study and operative technique". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 30 (2): 281–288. doi:10.1097/00006534-196208000-00008. PMID 13871123. S2CID 5701728.
  • Almaary, Hayaat F.; Scott, Cynthia; Karthik, Ramakrishnan (2018). "New Landmarks for the Surgical Creation of Dimples Based on Facial Form". The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 11 (5): 22–26. PMC 5955629. PMID 29785234.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dimples.
  • Possible inheritance of dimples

December 18, 2023
dimple, other, uses, disambiguation, dimple, also, called, gelasin, from, latin, gelasinus, from, ancient, greek, γελασῖνος, gelasînos, small, natural, indentation, flesh, part, human, body, most, notably, cheek, numerous, cultures, believe, that, cheek, dimpl. For other uses see Dimple disambiguation A dimple also called a gelasin from Latin gelasinus from Ancient Greek gelasῖnos gelasinos 1 is a small natural indentation in the flesh on a part of the human body most notably in the cheek Numerous cultures believe that cheek dimples are a good luck charm that entices people who perceive them as physically attractive but they are also associated with heroism and innocence which has been included in literature for many centuries Dimple Gelasin Bilateral cheek dimples as seen on model Miranda Kerr Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Medical research debates whether cheek dimples can be inherited or which type of allele they are but it is certain that humans with cheek dimples are more likely to have them in both cheeks Depth and length appearances are affected by the shape of the skull and dimples can appear and disappear due to age There are four types of facial dimples including cheek and the cleft chin sometimes nicknamed a chin dimple Contents 1 Overview 2 Anatomy 3 Characteristics 4 Society and culture 4 1 In fiction 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 Research and literature cited 7 External linksOverview editCheek dimples when present show up when a person makes a facial expression such as smiling whereas a chin dimple is a small line on the chin that stays on the chin without making any specific facial expressions Dimples may appear and disappear over an extended period 2 a baby born with dimples in their cheeks may lose them as they grow into a child due to their diminishing baby fat 3 Anatomy editDimples are usually located on mobile tissue 4 5 and are possibly caused by variations in the structure of the facial muscle known as zygomaticus major Specifically the presence of a double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle may explain the formation of cheek dimples 6 This bifid variation of the muscle originates as a single structure from the zygomatic bone As it travels anteriorly it then divides with a superior bundle that inserts in the typical position above the corner of the mouth An inferior bundle inserts below the corner of the mouth Cheek dimples can occur in any person but some studies have suggested that dimples both cheek and chin are more common in females 7 8 They can be either permanent 9 or transient aging makes dimples appear disappear due to facial development and muscle growth 9 a Greek study spanning almost 20 years concluded that 34 of Greek adults had dimples whereas 13 of Greek youths between 7 and 15 years old had dimples as well 10 which might suggest that transient dimples are more common than permanent 11 Professor John McDonald citing limited research concluded that dimples have been mislabeled as genetically inherited and as a dominant trait 6 12 It is believed that cheek dimple genes occur on the 5th chromosome whereas cleft chin genes occur on the 16th 13 However the University of Utah considers dimples an irregular dominant trait that is probably controlled mostly by one gene but is influenced by other genes 14 Characteristics edit nbsp Due to face shape dimples come in many depths shapes and sizes Some only show when smiling panels 1 3 whereas others can permanently be in a person s face panel 2 nbsp Cheek dimple by the KBC point right and a para angled dimple near the mouth Having bilateral dimples dimples in both cheeks is the most common form of cheek dimples 15 In a 2018 study of 216 people aged 18 42 with both unilateral one dimple and bilateral 120 55 6 had dimples in both of their cheeks 15 It was originally concluded that 60 of people with one dimple likely have it in their left cheek 16 but later research concluded that 53 were on the right 15 however this may be due to differing cultures Dimples are analogous and how they form in cheeks varies from person to person 17 Dimple depth and size can also vary unilateral dimples are usually large 18 and a possible 12 8 of bilateral people have dimples positioned asymmetrically 19 They are not linked with a dimpled chin a study from 2010 by the University of Ilorin examined 500 Yoruban Nigerians with both uni and bilateral cheek dimples discovering that only 36 7 2 had a cleft chin as well 20 The shape of a person s face can affect the look and form as well 21 leptoprosopic long and narrow faces have long and narrow dimples and euryprosopic short and broad faces have short circular dimples 21 People with a mesoprosopic face are more likely to have dimples in their cheeks than any other face shape 22 Singaporean plastic surgeon Khoo Boo Chai 1929 2012 determined that a cheek dimple occurs on the intersecting line between the corner of the mouth and the outer canthi of the eye 23 nicknamed the KBC point in dimple surgery 5 but people with natural dimples do not always have their dimples on the KBC point 24 The other common type of facial dimple form near the mouth in three types lower para angle underneath the mouth and lips para angle around the mouth angle 19 and upper para angle above the mouth and lips 25 Society and culture editCheek dimples are often associated with youth and beauty and are seen as an attractive quality in a person s face accentuating smiles and making the smile look more cheerful and memorable 26 Throughout numerous cultures and history there have been superstitions based on dimples Chinese culture believes that cheek dimples are a good luck charm 27 5 particularly children born with them are seen as pleasant polite and enthusiastic 28 but can lead to complicated romantic relationships 28 Haitian mothers gently form indents into newborns cheek in hopes of molding dimples into the child s face 29 and a proverb often incorrectly credited to Pope Paul VI 30 argues A dimple in your cheek Many hearts you ll seek A dimple in your chin The devil within 31 According to Candy Bites The Science of Sweets the dent in Junior Mints is based on this belief arguing that a unilateral dimple is more attractive than bilateral 32 Richard Steele wrote that a dimpled laugh is practised to give a grace to the features and is frequently made a bait to entangle a gazing lover this was called by the ancients the Chian laugh 33 He added The prude hath a wonderful esteem for the Chian laugh or dimple and is never seen upon the most extravagant jests to disorder her countenance with the ruffle of a smile but very rarely takes the freedom to sink her cheek into a dimple implying that dimples are alluring due to demure women that have them 33 nbsp Isabelle Gilbert s not pictured Dimple Maker claimed to make permanent cheek dimples for women who desired them The Englishwoman s Magazine from 1866 featured an article named The Human Form Divine Dimples and Wrinkles which associated cheek dimples with youth On transient dimples it wrote But generally dimples mark the departure of youth and fade away at the approach of crow s feet 34 Did you ever see a pretty child s face without dimples in it Dimples in the cheek temping dimples and a dimple in the chin that gave a roguish smartness to the face 34 British boxer turned Hollywood actor Reginald Denny had his cheek dimples gushed about in a Photoplay article which Professor Michael Williams inferred that dimples might also provide a humanizing touch 35 in the handsome Denny who had dimples in conjunction with the physique of a young Greek god 35 Women without dimples are said to envy the women that have them because dimples are pitfalls for the men that are something purely natural and unattainable by art 34 While it is not possible to give a definite explanation as to why dimples are attractive on a woman researchers believe this neutral feature can be linked to paternity confidence which is the ability of a man to easily distinguish his own offspring 36 This has led to artificial attempts to create them the Ohio based Dolly Dimpler company advertized in Photoplay about a device that created dimples in customers cheeks 37 in 1936 Isabella Gilbert invented the Dimple Maker a face fitting brace which pushed dents into the cheeks to emulate dimples 38 but it is unknown whether the artificial dimples could last this way the American Medical Association argued that frequent users could develop cancer 39 and in the 21st century people undergo dimple surgery 40 In fiction edit The sentiments appear in fiction authors have described dimples in their characters for centuries to show beauty 41 especially in women which has been seen as part of their sex appeal 41 This is possibly why cheek dimples have been identified with female characters Anne from Anne of Green Gables envied other female characters dimples 42 whereas Wives and Daughters featured a paragraph about Molly wondering whether she was beautiful as she looked in her mirror which was followed by She would have been sure if instead of inspecting herself with such solemnity she had smiled her own sweet merry smile and called out the gleam of her teeth and the charm of her dimples 43 Scarlett O Hara exploited her cheek dimples in Gone with the Wind when she was flirting to get her own way 44 45 to the point where Rhett is implied to be aware of what she is doing 46 Shakespeare often acknowledged cheek dimples usually on children such as the pretty dimples of the baby boy s chin and cheek in The Winter s Tale or the pretty dimpled boys like smiling Cupids from Antony and Cleopatra 41 however Adonis in Venus and Adonis are mentioned from the point of view of the flirting Venus There are theories that some of his famous female protagonists had them as well such as Juliet Capulet 41 34 Jessica and Maria and Rosalind 34 See also editCleft chin also known as a chin dimple Dimples of Venus nickname for dimples in the lower back which are portrayed as physically attractive Mendelian traits in humans Sacral dimple lower back dimples Skin dimpleReferences editCitations edit Garg Anu A Word A Day Wordsmith Retrieved 2013 08 12 Wiedemann Hans Rudolf July 1990 Cheek Dimples American Journal of Medical Genetics 36 3 376 doi 10 1002 ajmg 1320360337 PMID 2363446 Are facial dimples determined by genetics Genetics Home Reference U S National Library of Medicine Retrieved April 24 2019 Cummins H 1966 Morris Human Anatomy 12 ed New York NY McGraw Hill Book Co p 112 ASIN B002JHKLHE a b c Almaary et al 2018 p 22 a b Pessa Joel E Zadoo Vikram P Garza Peter A Adrian Jr Erle K Dewitt Adriane I Garza Jaime R 1998 Double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle anatomy incidence and clinical correlation Clinical Anatomy 11 5 310 3 doi 10 1002 SICI 1098 2353 1998 11 5 lt 310 AID CA3 gt 3 0 CO 2 T PMID 9725574 S2CID 39003016 Almaary et al 2018 p 23 Among the 120 individuals with bilateral dimples 99 82 5 were female and 21 17 5 were male Regarding the 96 participants with unilateral dimples 72 75 were female and 24 25 were male Omotoso Adeniyi amp Medubi 2010 p 242 7 2 of the Nigerian population studied had both cheek dimples and chin dimple as it was found to be present in a total of 36 out of 500 south western Nigerians The incidence was higher in females n 22 4 4 than males n 14 2 8 a b Omotoso Adeniyi amp Medubi 2010 p 241 Abrahams Marc July 5 2005 Greek Cheek The Guardian Retrieved August 12 2019 Pentzos DaPonte Athena Vienna Alessandro Brant Larry Hauser Gertrude October 2004 Cheek dimples in Greek children and adolescents International Journal of Anthropology 19 4 289 295 doi 10 1007 BF02449856 S2CID 85295663 McDonald J H Myths of Human Genetics Sparky House Publishing Retrieved 10 January 2015 Omotoso Adeniyi amp Medubi 2010 p 244 Utah Observable Human Characteristics Archived from the original on 2016 09 13 Retrieved 26 January 2015 a b c Almaary et al 2018 p 23 KBC 1962 p 281 Almaary et al 2018 p 24 KBC 1962 p 281 If it is a single dimple then the big one is more common a b KBC 1962 p 284 Omotoso Adeniyi amp Medubi 2010 p 242 a b Almaary et al 2018 p 25 Almaary et al 2018 p 23 Most of the people included in this study had the mesoprosopic facial form 132 61 1 KBC 1962 p 284 caption under Figure 6 photo Bisection of perpendicular line dropped from external canthus Almaary et al 2018 p 22 25 We found that 54 8 percent of the total dimples out of 336 individual dimples were not positioned on the KBC point We observed a higher prevalence of dimples among the mesoprosopic group compared to the other two groups with no unilateral or bilateral predominence sic KBC 1962 p 283 284 Almaary et al 2018 p 22 Almaary et al 2018 p 22 Some believe that dimples make a person s smile more memorable and distinct associating it with cheerfulness KBC 1962 p 281 it has come to be accepted in Chinese culture that a dimpled wife is one who brings happiness and good luck to the family a b Face Reading Cheek Dimples Your Chinese Astrology Archived from the original on 2020 05 15 Retrieved 25 October 2019 Dempsey P A Gesse T May 1983 The childbearing Haitian refugee cultural applications to clinical nursing Public Health Reports 98 3 261 267 ISSN 0033 3549 PMC 1424445 PMID 6867258 20 Delightful Dimple Quotes enkiquotes com 22 July 2018 Archived from the original on 2020 05 15 Retrieved 23 October 2019 de Lys Claudia 1958 A Treasury of Superstitions Philosophical Library p 99 OCLC 31114923 Hartel Richard W Hartel AnnaKate 28 March 2014 Junior Mints Candy Bites The Science of Sweets New York Springer Science amp Business Media 97 doi 10 1007 978 1 4614 9383 9 ISBN 978 1 4614 9382 2 S2CID 199492484 a b Steele Richard On Laughter The Tatler The Guardian Archived from the original on 2020 05 15 Retrieved 23 October 2019 a b c d e Englishwoman s Domestic Magazine 1866 a b Williams Michael 2013 Shadows of Desire War Youth and Classical Vernacular Film Stardom Myth and Classicism The Rise of Hollywood s Gods Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire Palgrave Macmillian p 48 ISBN 978 0 230 35544 6 Salter Frank 1996 07 01 Carrier females and sender males An evolutionary hypothesis linking female attractiveness family resemblance and paternity confidence Ethology and Sociobiology 17 4 211 220 doi 10 1016 0162 3095 96 00036 2 ISSN 0162 3095 Advertising Section Photoplay No April 1926 1926 p 142 Positively dimples can lie made with the DOLLY DIMPLER a simple harm less device invented by a woman Bizarro Beauty Products from 1889 to Now Collectors Weekly Collector s Weekly Archived from the original on 2020 05 23 Modern Mechanix has uncovered several other disturbing 1930s and 40s beauty devices including Isabella Gilbert s metal brace that could dig those smiley dimples right into your face Bad Inventions Dimple Maker History By Zim History by Zim 4 May 2013 Archived from the original on 2020 05 23 Hosie Rachel 23 July 2017 DIMPLEPLASTY INCREASING NUMBER OF MILLENNIALS HAVING COSMETIC SURGERY TO CREATE DIMPLES The Independent Archived from the original on 28 May 2020 Retrieved 26 October 2019 a b c d Dunkling Leslie July 6 2006 When Romeo Met Juliet pp 68 69 ISBN 978 1412055437 Montgomery L M Anne of Green Gables p 248 Mrs Allan has a lovely smile she has such exquisite dimples in her cheeks I wish I had dimples in my cheeks Marilla I m not half so skinny as I was when I came here but I have no dimples yet If I had perhaps I could influence people for good Gaskell Elizabeth 1866 Wives and Daughters p 121 Gone with the Wind 1936 p 5 6 But she smiled when she spoke consciously deepening her dimple and fluttering her bristly black lashes as swiftly as butterflies wings The boys were enchanted as she had intended them to be and they hastened to apologize for boring her Gone with the Wind 1936 p 215 Scarlett s spirits rose as always at the sight of her white skin and slanting green eyes and she smiled to bring out her dimples Gone with the Wind 1936 p 223 Better stick to your own weapons dimples vases and the like Research and literature cited edit Omotoso GO Adeniyi PA Medubi LJ 2010 Prevalence of facial dimples amongst South western Nigerians a case study of Ilorin Kwara State of Nigeria International Journal of Biomed Science 6 4 241 244 Dimples and Wrinkles The Englishwoman s Domestic Magazine An Illustrated Journal Combining Practical Information Instruction and Amusement The Human Form Divine 1 304 1866 Margaret Mitchell 1936 Gone with the Wind 1944 ed New York The Macmillian Company Boo Chai Khoo 1962 The facial dimple clinical study and operative technique Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 30 2 281 288 doi 10 1097 00006534 196208000 00008 PMID 13871123 S2CID 5701728 Almaary Hayaat F Scott Cynthia Karthik Ramakrishnan 2018 New Landmarks for the Surgical Creation of Dimples Based on Facial Form The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology 11 5 22 26 PMC 5955629 PMID 29785234 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dimples Possible inheritance of dimples Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dimple amp oldid 1178017413, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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