Dileptus is a genus of unicellularciliates in the class Litostomatea. Species of Dileptus occur in fresh and salt water, as well as mosses and soils. Most are aggressive predators equipped with long, mobile proboscides lined with toxic extrusomes, with which they stun smaller organisms before consuming them.[1] 13 species and subspecies of Dileptus are currently recognized.[2]
Dileptus bodies are typically narrow or cylindrical, and have a macronucleus made up of more than a hundred scattered nodules. During cell division, these nodules divide individually. At the front end of the cell is a mobile proboscis. The cytostome is at the base of this organ and is well fortified with stiff microtubular rods (nematodesmata). The surface of the cell is uniformly covered with cilia arranged in longitudinal rows. The body may taper at the back end, forming something like a tail. Multiple contractile vacuoles lie in a row along the dorsal surface. Most Dileptus are colourless, but two nominal species carry symbioticgreen algae in their cytoplasm.[2][4]
A species of Dileptus was described by C. G. Ehrenberg in 1833, under the name Amphileptus margaritifer. Eight years later, Félix Dujardin created the genus Dileptus and moved Ehrenberg's A. margaritifer to it, along with Dileptus anser Müller 1773 (now classified in Pseudomonilicaryon) and Dileptus folium (now Litonotus cygnus). Over the next century, many new species were described. By 1963, when Jean Dragesco published the first detailed account of the genus, it included about 50 species.[2][3][5]
In a comprehensive taxonomic study published in 2012, Peter Vďačný and Wilhelm Foissner restricted the genus Dileptus to dileptids "having more than 50 dispersed macronuclear nodules that divide individually," which left only ten nominal species within the group.[2] Many traditionally recognized members of Dileptus, including the well-known species Dileptus anser, have been moved to other genera, such as Pseudomonilicaryon and Rimaleptus.
^Miller, Stephen (May 1968). "The Predatory Behavior of Dileptus Anser". Journal of Protozoology. 15 (2): 313–19. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02128.x.
^ abcdVďačný, Peter, and Wilhelm Foissner. Monograph of the dileptids (Protista, Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia). Land Oberösterreich, Biologiezentrum/Oberösterreichische Landesmuseen, 2012
^ abVd'ačný, Peter; et al. (June 2011). "Morphological and molecular phylogeny of dileptid and tracheliid ciliates: Resolution at the base of the class Litostomatea (Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia)". European Journal of Protistology. 47 (4): 295–313. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2011.04.006. PMC3234341. PMID 21641780.
^Carey, Phillip G., Marine Interstitial Ciliates: An Illustrated Key. Chapman and Hall, 1992, ISBN978-0-412-40610-2
dileptus, genus, unicellular, ciliates, class, litostomatea, species, occur, fresh, salt, water, well, mosses, soils, most, aggressive, predators, equipped, with, long, mobile, proboscides, lined, with, toxic, extrusomes, with, which, they, stun, smaller, orga. Dileptus is a genus of unicellular ciliates in the class Litostomatea Species of Dileptus occur in fresh and salt water as well as mosses and soils Most are aggressive predators equipped with long mobile proboscides lined with toxic extrusomes with which they stun smaller organisms before consuming them 1 13 species and subspecies of Dileptus are currently recognized 2 DileptusDileptus sp Scientific classificationKingdom ChromistaSuperphylum AlveolataPhylum CiliophoraClass LitostomateaOrder DileptidaFamily DileptidaeGenus DileptusDujardin 1841Dileptus species have served as model organisms used in the study of ciliary patterns ontogenesis conjugation and food acquisition 3 Contents 1 Appearance and characteristics 2 History and Classification 3 Species of Dileptus 4 Video Gallery 5 ReferencesAppearance and characteristics EditDileptus bodies are typically narrow or cylindrical and have a macronucleus made up of more than a hundred scattered nodules During cell division these nodules divide individually At the front end of the cell is a mobile proboscis The cytostome is at the base of this organ and is well fortified with stiff microtubular rods nematodesmata The surface of the cell is uniformly covered with cilia arranged in longitudinal rows The body may taper at the back end forming something like a tail Multiple contractile vacuoles lie in a row along the dorsal surface Most Dileptus are colourless but two nominal species carry symbiotic green algae in their cytoplasm 2 4 History and Classification Edit Amphileptus margaritifer Dileptus margaritifer by C G Ehrenberg 1838 A species of Dileptus was described by C G Ehrenberg in 1833 under the name Amphileptus margaritifer Eight years later Felix Dujardin created the genus Dileptus and moved Ehrenberg s A margaritifer to it along with Dileptus anser Muller 1773 now classified in Pseudomonilicaryon and Dileptus folium now Litonotus cygnus Over the next century many new species were described By 1963 when Jean Dragesco published the first detailed account of the genus it included about 50 species 2 3 5 In a comprehensive taxonomic study published in 2012 Peter Vdacny and Wilhelm Foissner restricted the genus Dileptus to dileptids having more than 50 dispersed macronuclear nodules that divide individually which left only ten nominal species within the group 2 Many traditionally recognized members of Dileptus including the well known species Dileptus anser have been moved to other genera such as Pseudomonilicaryon and Rimaleptus Species of Dileptus EditDileptus anatinus Golinska 1971 Dileptus beersi Jones 1956 Dileptus costaricanus Foissner 1995 Dileptus dubius Vuxanovici 1959 Dileptus estuarinus Dragesco 1960 Dileptus jonesi Dragesco 1963 Dileptus margaritifer Ehrenberg 1833 Dileptus multinucleatus Vuxanovici 1959 Dileptus sphagnicola Vdacny amp Foissner 2011 Dileptus viridis Ehrenberg 1833 Foissner 1987Video Gallery Edit source source source source source source source source source source Dileptus sp source source source source source source source source source source Dileptus sp References Edit Miller Stephen May 1968 The Predatory Behavior of Dileptus Anser Journal of Protozoology 15 2 313 19 doi 10 1111 j 1550 7408 1968 tb02128 x a b c d Vdacny Peter and Wilhelm Foissner Monograph of the dileptids Protista Ciliophora Rhynchostomatia Land Oberosterreich Biologiezentrum Oberosterreichische Landesmuseen 2012 a b Vd acny Peter et al June 2011 Morphological and molecular phylogeny of dileptid and tracheliid ciliates Resolution at the base of the class Litostomatea Ciliophora Rhynchostomatia European Journal of Protistology 47 4 295 313 doi 10 1016 j ejop 2011 04 006 PMC 3234341 PMID 21641780 Carey Phillip G Marine Interstitial Ciliates An Illustrated Key Chapman and Hall 1992 ISBN 978 0 412 40610 2 Dragesco J 1963 Revision du genre Dileptus Dujardin 1871 Ciliata Holotricha systematique cytologie biologie Bull Biol Fr Belg in French 97 103 145 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dileptus amp oldid 1120762311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
