Devourism (Portuguese: Devorismo) was the pejorative term to describe the political regime which established itself in Portugal following the Liberal Wars, particularly during the period from 24 September 1834 to 9 September 1836, while the Constitutional Charter of 1826 was in effect. It was intended to convey a sense of unprincipled greed, whereby leading politicians spent public funds in abundance to secure personal gain for themselves or their associates.[1][2]: 318 [3]: 189 [4] The term was coined after a piece of legislation was drafted on 15 April 1835, which provided for the sale of national property and property of the Catholic Church, and facilitated their disposal among leading members of the liberal party.[5]
One of the great reforms of this period was the reform of local administration, which divided the country into seventeen districts on 25 April 1835), also creating three new districts Madeira and the Azores. The position of Civil Governor was established, with postholders choosing mayors, who in turn chose parish commissioners. These reforms, with their substantially centralising effect, were used to steadily remove radicals from positions of power and replace them with those who had favoured the cause of Miguel I and the return of an absolute monarchy.[6]
The first Devourist government took office on the day King Pedro IV died, on 24 September 1834.[7] Led by the Duque de Palmela, it was composed of conservatives and the late king's associates in the Grand Orient of Portugal Masonic lodge. After 28 April 1835, Palmela was succeeded by the Count of Linhares. The members of the government were:
The second Devourist government took office on 27 May 1835[14] and served until 18 November. On assuming the premiership the Duque de Saldanha removed all those described disparagingly by those loyal to the late King Miguel as chamorros (i.e. liberals)[15][3]: 189 and opened up cabinet membership to a wider range of masonic lodges: Francisco António de Campos [pt] and Duque de Loulé, more radical members of the Maçonaria do Sul lodge now served alongside José da Silva Carvalho [pt] and Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhães [pt] from the Grande Oriente Lusitano as well as Rodrigo da Fonseca Passos Manuel, who named various members of the Maçonaria do Norte, of which Passos Manuel was a member, to positions as civil governors and council administrators.
Saldanha's government fell for two main reasons. The first had to do with a heavily-contested decree of 3 November which auctioned off publicly owned estuarine lands of the Tejo and Sado River. The other was the sending of the Auxiliary Division to Spain at the request of its government to support Isabel II against her uncle Carlos, who was claiming the throne. The members of this government were:
Ministry
Minister
Term
Interior
João de Sousa Pinto de Magalhães [pt][14] Rodrigo da Fonseca [pt][16]
27 May 1835 - 15 July 1835 15 July 1835 - 18 November 1835
Church Affairs and Justice
Manuel António de Carvalho [pt][14] João de Sousa Pinto de Magalhães[10]
27 May 1835 - 15 July 15 July 1835 - 18 November 1835
Public Administration
Francisco António de Campos [pt][14] José da Silva Carvalho[10]
27 May 1835 - 15 July 1835 15 July 1835 - 18 November 1835
The third Devourist government took office on 18 November 1835 with Saldanha once again as its leader, until 25 November. It lasted until 20 April 1836. Its stated purpose was to defend ‘morality, the economy and freedom from special interests.’[18] To demonstrate their commitment, ministers reduced their own salaries by one half, in contrast to the approach of the previous Fonseca administration. The Loureiro government fell following the failure of Finance Minister Francisco António de Campos to secure a majority for his budget. The government was composed of:
The fourth and final government was led by the Duque da Terceira, and lasted from 20 April to 9 September 1836. It was essentially aristocratic in composition, characterised as chamorro and full of palmelistas, and dominated once again by the Grand Orient Lodge.
Among the measures it took was the closing down of the radical leftist Sociedade Patriótica Lisbonense [pt]. To improve security it created a Municipal Guard for Porto and strengthened the Municipal Guard in Lisbon. When arson destroyed the Royal Exchequer, it was assumed that the government itself was responsible, seeking to conceal its misspending.[19]
The Devourist period came to an end in September 1836 with the September Revolution. The opposition representatives from the north of the country arrived in Lisbon on 9 September, prompting a popular revolt which the National Guard joined. On 11 September the Duque da Terceira resigned, and the Queen took an oath to the Constitution of 1822.[3]: 194–5 This was the start of “Setembrismo.” The ministers of the Terceira government were:
José Luís de Sousa Botelho Mourão e Vasconcelos [pt]
20 April - 9 September 1836
References
^Douglas L. Wheeler (August 1998). Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 322. ISBN978-0-299-07454-8.
^ abGabriel Paquette (14 March 2013). Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c.1770–1850. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1-107-32859-4.
^ abcdJose Baptista de Sousa (22 February 2018). Holland House and Portugal, 17931840: English Whiggery and the Constitutional Cause in Iberia. Anthem Press. ISBN978-1-78308-757-0.
^O ecco: jornal crítico, litterario e político. 1839. p. 6792.
^Macedo Gomes, Eduardo Miguel. "A Administração Local na Monarquia Constitucional. O Papel da Freguesia e do Pároco (1834-1910)" (PDF). uminho.pt. Universidade do Minho. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^Maria de Fátima Bonifácio (2015-06-23). O Primeiro Duque de Palmela. D. QUIXOTE. ISBN978-972-20-5772-1.
^Anas, António. "S. LUÍS, Frei Francisco de (Cardeal Saraiva) (Ponte de Lima, 1766 – Lisboa, 1845)" (PDF). dichp.bnportugal.gov.pt. Dicionario de Historiadores Portugueses. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^João Baptista]. [Felgueiras (1837). Resumo historico da vida e tragico fim de Agostinho Joze Freire. Typ. patriotica de C.J. da Silva e comp.a. pp. 10ff.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuNoticia dos ministros e secretarios d'estado do regimen constitucional nos 41 annos decorridos desde a regencia installada na ilha terceira em 15 de março de 1830 até 15 de março de 1871. Imprensa Nacional. 1871. pp. 21–.
^Paiva Monteiro, Ofélia. "Edição Crítica das Obras de Almeida Garret". uc.pt. Universidade de Coimbra. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^"Vila Real (D. José Luís de Sousa Botelho Mourão e Vasconcelos, 1.º conde de)". arqnet.pt. Portugal Dicionaro Historico. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^"Linhares (D. Vitorio Maria Francisco de Sousa Coutinho Teixeira de Andrade Barbosa, 2.º conde de)". arqnet.pt. Portugal Dicionario Historico. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^ abcdefgThe American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year . Gray and Bowen. 1835. pp. 285–.
^João Augusto Marques Gomes (1894). Luctas caseiras: Portugal de 1834 a 1851. Imprensa Nacional.
^"Magalhães (Rodrigo da Fonseca)". arqnet.pt. Portugal Dicionario Historico. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^"Atouguia (António Aloísio Jervis de Atouguia, 1.º visconde de)". arqnet.pt. Portugal Dicionario Historico. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^. Archived from the original on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
^"Terceira (António José de Sousa Manuel de Meneses Severim de Noronha, 7.º conde e 1.º marquês de Vila Flor, e 1.º duque da)". arqnet.pt. Portugal Dicionario Historico. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
March 03, 2023
devourism, portuguese, devorismo, pejorative, term, describe, political, regime, which, established, itself, portugal, following, liberal, wars, particularly, during, period, from, september, 1834, september, 1836, while, constitutional, charter, 1826, effect,. Devourism Portuguese Devorismo was the pejorative term to describe the political regime which established itself in Portugal following the Liberal Wars particularly during the period from 24 September 1834 to 9 September 1836 while the Constitutional Charter of 1826 was in effect It was intended to convey a sense of unprincipled greed whereby leading politicians spent public funds in abundance to secure personal gain for themselves or their associates 1 2 318 3 189 4 The term was coined after a piece of legislation was drafted on 15 April 1835 which provided for the sale of national property and property of the Catholic Church and facilitated their disposal among leading members of the liberal party 5 One of the great reforms of this period was the reform of local administration which divided the country into seventeen districts on 25 April 1835 also creating three new districts Madeira and the Azores The position of Civil Governor was established with postholders choosing mayors who in turn chose parish commissioners These reforms with their substantially centralising effect were used to steadily remove radicals from positions of power and replace them with those who had favoured the cause of Miguel I and the return of an absolute monarchy 6 Contents 1 Devourist Governments 1 1 First government Duque de Palmela 1 2 Second government Duque de Saldanha 1 3 Third Government Jose Jorge Loureiro 1 4 Fourth Government Duque da Terceira 2 ReferencesDevourist Governments EditFirst government Duque de Palmela Edit The first Devourist government took office on the day King Pedro IV died on 24 September 1834 7 Led by the Duque de Palmela it was composed of conservatives and the late king s associates in the Grand Orient of Portugal Masonic lodge After 28 April 1835 Palmela was succeeded by the Count of Linhares The members of the government were Ministry Minister TermInterior Francisco de Sao Luis Saraiva pt 8 Agostinho Jose Freire 9 24 September 1834 16 February 1835 16 February 1835 a 27 May 1835Church Affairs and Justice Antonio de Barreto Ferraz de Vasconcelos 3 357 Manuel Duarte Leitao pt 10 24 September 1834 28 April 1835 from 28 April 1835Finance and Public Administration Jose da Silva Carvalho pt 11 24 September 1834 27 May 1835War Duque da Terceira 10 Conde de Vila Real 12 24 September 1834 20 March 1835 from 20 March 1835Navy and Colonies Agostinho Jose Freire 10 Conde de Vila Real 10 Vitorio Maria de Sousa Coutinho 13 24 September 1834 16 February 1835 16 February 1835 28 April 1835 from 28 April 1835Foreign Affairs Conde de Vila Real 10 Duque de Palmela 10 Conde de Vila Real 10 24 September 1834 16 February 1835 16 February 1835 28 April 1835 from 28 April 1835Second government Duque de Saldanha Edit The second Devourist government took office on 27 May 1835 14 and served until 18 November On assuming the premiership the Duque de Saldanha removed all those described disparagingly by those loyal to the late King Miguel as chamorros i e liberals 15 3 189 and opened up cabinet membership to a wider range of masonic lodges Francisco Antonio de Campos pt and Duque de Loule more radical members of the Maconaria do Sul lodge now served alongside Jose da Silva Carvalho pt and Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhaes pt from the Grande Oriente Lusitano as well as Rodrigo da Fonseca Passos Manuel who named various members of the Maconaria do Norte of which Passos Manuel was a member to positions as civil governors and council administrators Saldanha s government fell for two main reasons The first had to do with a heavily contested decree of 3 November which auctioned off publicly owned estuarine lands of the Tejo and Sado River The other was the sending of the Auxiliary Division to Spain at the request of its government to support Isabel II against her uncle Carlos who was claiming the throne The members of this government were Ministry Minister TermInterior Joao de Sousa Pinto de Magalhaes pt 14 Rodrigo da Fonseca pt 16 27 May 1835 15 July 1835 15 July 1835 18 November 1835Church Affairs and Justice Manuel Antonio de Carvalho pt 14 Joao de Sousa Pinto de Magalhaes 10 27 May 1835 15 July15 July 1835 18 November 1835Public Administration Francisco Antonio de Campos pt 14 Jose da Silva Carvalho 10 27 May 1835 15 July 1835 15 July 1835 18 November 1835War Duque de Saldanha 14 27 May 1835 18 November 1835Navy and Colonies Duque de Loule 14 Antonio Aloisio Jervis de Atouguia pt 17 27 May 1835 25 July 1835 25 July 1835 18 November 1835Foreign Affairs Duque de Palmela 14 27 May 1835 18 November 1835Third Government Jose Jorge Loureiro Edit The third Devourist government took office on 18 November 1835 with Saldanha once again as its leader until 25 November It lasted until 20 April 1836 Its stated purpose was to defend morality the economy and freedom from special interests 18 To demonstrate their commitment ministers reduced their own salaries by one half in contrast to the approach of the previous Fonseca administration The Loureiro government fell following the failure of Finance Minister Francisco Antonio de Campos to secure a majority for his budget The government was composed of Ministry Minister TermInterior Sa da Bandeira 10 Luis da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque 10 18 25 November 1835 25 November 1835Church Affairs and Justice Manuel Antonio Velez Caldeira Castelo Branco 10 18 November 1835 20 April 1836Finance and Public Administration Francisco Antonio de Campos 10 Jose Jorge Loureiro 10 18 November 1835 6 April 1836 from 6 April 1836War Jose Jorge Loureiro 10 from 6 April 1836Navy and the Colonies Sa da Bandeira 2 338 18 November 1835 20 April 1836Foreign Affairs Marques de Loule 10 18 November 1835 20 April 1836Fourth Government Duque da Terceira Edit The fourth and final government was led by the Duque da Terceira and lasted from 20 April to 9 September 1836 It was essentially aristocratic in composition characterised as chamorro and full of palmelistas and dominated once again by the Grand Orient Lodge Among the measures it took was the closing down of the radical leftist Sociedade Patriotica Lisbonense pt To improve security it created a Municipal Guard for Porto and strengthened the Municipal Guard in Lisbon When arson destroyed the Royal Exchequer it was assumed that the government itself was responsible seeking to conceal its misspending 19 The Devourist period came to an end in September 1836 with the September Revolution The opposition representatives from the north of the country arrived in Lisbon on 9 September prompting a popular revolt which the National Guard joined On 11 September the Duque da Terceira resigned and the Queen took an oath to the Constitution of 1822 3 194 5 This was the start of Setembrismo The ministers of the Terceira government were Ministry Minister TermInterior Agostinho Jose Freire 10 20 April 9 September 1836Justice Joaquim Antonio de Aguiar 10 20 April 9 September 1836Finance and Public Affairs Jose da Silva Carvalho pt 10 20 April 9 September 1836War Duque da Terceira 10 20 April 9 September 1836Navy Manuel Goncalves de Miranda pt 10 20 April 9 September 1836Foreign Affairs Jose Luis de Sousa Botelho Mourao e Vasconcelos pt 20 April 9 September 1836References Edit Douglas L Wheeler August 1998 Republican Portugal A Political History 1910 1926 Univ of Wisconsin Press p 322 ISBN 978 0 299 07454 8 a b Gabriel Paquette 14 March 2013 Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions The Luso Brazilian World c 1770 1850 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 32859 4 a b c d Jose Baptista de Sousa 22 February 2018 Holland House and Portugal 17931840 English Whiggery and the Constitutional Cause in Iberia Anthem Press ISBN 978 1 78308 757 0 O ecco jornal critico litterario e politico 1839 p 6792 Arqnet Macedo Gomes Eduardo Miguel A Administracao Local na Monarquia Constitucional O Papel da Freguesia e do Paroco 1834 1910 PDF uminho pt Universidade do Minho Retrieved 29 April 2019 Maria de Fatima Bonifacio 2015 06 23 O Primeiro Duque de Palmela D QUIXOTE ISBN 978 972 20 5772 1 Anas Antonio S LUIS Frei Francisco de Cardeal Saraiva Ponte de Lima 1766 Lisboa 1845 PDF dichp bnportugal gov pt Dicionario de Historiadores Portugueses Retrieved 29 April 2019 Joao Baptista Felgueiras 1837 Resumo historico da vida e tragico fim de Agostinho Joze Freire Typ patriotica de C J da Silva e comp a pp 10ff a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Noticia dos ministros e secretarios d estado do regimen constitucional nos 41 annos decorridos desde a regencia installada na ilha terceira em 15 de marco de 1830 ate 15 de marco de 1871 Imprensa Nacional 1871 pp 21 Paiva Monteiro Ofelia Edicao Critica das Obras de Almeida Garret uc pt Universidade de Coimbra Retrieved 29 April 2019 Vila Real D Jose Luis de Sousa Botelho Mourao e Vasconcelos 1 º conde de arqnet pt Portugal Dicionaro Historico Retrieved 29 April 2019 Linhares D Vitorio Maria Francisco de Sousa Coutinho Teixeira de Andrade Barbosa 2 º conde de arqnet pt Portugal Dicionario Historico Retrieved 29 April 2019 a b c d e f g The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year Gray and Bowen 1835 pp 285 Joao Augusto Marques Gomes 1894 Luctas caseiras Portugal de 1834 a 1851 Imprensa Nacional Magalhaes Rodrigo da Fonseca arqnet pt Portugal Dicionario Historico Retrieved 29 April 2019 Atouguia Antonio Aloisio Jervis de Atouguia 1 º visconde de arqnet pt Portugal Dicionario Historico Retrieved 29 April 2019 Devorismo na pagina do ISCSP Archived from the original on 2013 06 09 Retrieved 2010 12 30 Terceira Antonio Jose de Sousa Manuel de Meneses Severim de Noronha 7 º conde e 1 º marques de Vila Flor e 1 º duque da arqnet pt Portugal Dicionario Historico Retrieved 3 May 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Devourism amp oldid 1083259700, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
