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Derek Barton

Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton FRS FRSE[1] (8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998) was an English organic chemist and Nobel Prize laureate for 1969.[2][3][4][5]

Derek Barton
Barton in 1954
Born
Derek Harold Richard Barton

(1918-09-08)8 September 1918
Gravesend, Kent, England
Died16 March 1998(1998-03-16) (aged 79)
Resting placeLa Grange Cemetery, Texas
NationalityBritish
Alma materImperial College London
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions
Doctoral advisorIan Heilbron
Doctoral students
Insignia of a Knight Bachelor

Education and early life edit

Barton was born in Gravesend, Kent, to William Thomas and Maude Henrietta Barton (née Lukes).

He attended Gravesend Grammar School (1926–29), The King's School, Rochester (1929–32), Tonbridge School (1932–35) and Medway Technical College (1937–39). In 1938 he entered Imperial College London, where he graduated in 1940 and obtained his PhD degree in Organic Chemistry in 1942.

Career and research edit

From 1942 to 1944 Barton was a government research chemist, then from 1944 to 1945 he worked for Albright and Wilson in Birmingham. He then became Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry of Imperial College, and from 1946 to 1949 he was ICI Research Fellow.

During 1949 and 1950 he was visiting lecturer in natural products chemistry at Harvard University, and was then appointed reader in organic chemistry and, in 1953, professor at Birkbeck College. In 1955 he became Regius Professor of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, in 1957 he was appointed professor of organic chemistry at University of Oxford. In 1950, Barton showed that organic molecules could be assigned a preferred conformation based upon results accumulated by chemical physicists, in particular by Odd Hassel. Using this new technique of conformational analysis, he later determined the geometry of many other natural product molecules.

In 1969, Barton shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Odd Hassel for “contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry."

In 1958 Barton was appointed Arthur D. Little Visiting Professor of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1959 Karl Folkers Visiting Professor of at the Universities of Illinois and Wisconsin. The same year he was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[6]

In 1949 he was the first recipient of the Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 1954 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and the International Academy of Science, Munich as well as, in 1956, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; in 1965 he was appointed member of the Council for Scientific Policy. He was knighted in 1972, becoming formally styled Sir Derek in Britain. In 1978 he became Director of the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN - Gif Sur-Yvette) in France.

In 1977, on the occasion of the centenary of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the British Post Office honoured him, and 5 other Nobel Prize-winning British chemists, with a series of four postage stamps featuring aspects of their discoveries.[7]

He moved to the United States in 1986 (specifically Texas) and became distinguished professor at Texas A&M University and held this position for 12 years until his death.

In 1996, Barton published a comprehensive volume of his works, entitled Reason and Imagination: Reflections on Research in Organic Chemistry.

As well as for his work on conformation, his name is remembered in a number of reactions in organic chemistry such as the Barton reaction, the Barton decarboxylation, and the Barton-McCombie deoxygenation.

The newly built Barton Science Centre at Tonbridge School in Kent, where he was educated for 4 years, completed in 2019, is named after him.

Honours and awards edit

Barton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1954.[1] In 1966 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[8] He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1970 and the American Philosophical Society in 1978.[9][10]

Personal life edit

Sir Derek married three times: Jeanne Kate Wilkins (on 20 December 1944); Christiane Cognet (in 1969); and Judith Von-Leuenberger Cobb (in 1993).[11] He had a son by his first marriage.[when?]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Ley, S. V.; Myers, R. M. (2002). "Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton. 8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 48: 1–23. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0001. JSTOR 3650246.
  2. ^ Albert Cotton, F. (2000). "Derek H. R. Barton, 8 September 1918 · 16 March 1998". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 144 (3): 292–296. JSTOR 1515591.
  3. ^ Derek Barton on Nobelprize.org  
  4. ^ Barton's Nobel Lecture The Principles of Conformational Analysis
  5. ^ Video podcast of Barton talking about conformational analysis 16 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  7. ^ New Scientist 10 February 1977 p. 319
  8. ^ . www.leopoldina.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  9. ^ "D. H. R. Barton". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  10. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  11. ^ Coley, N. G. (2004). "Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard (1918-1998), organic chemist | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69495. Retrieved 27 January 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links edit

  • Derek Barton on Nobelprize.org   including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1969 The Principles of Conformational Analysis

derek, barton, derek, harold, richard, barton, frse, september, 1918, march, 1998, english, organic, chemist, nobel, prize, laureate, 1969, sirfrs, frsebarton, 1954bornderek, harold, richard, barton, 1918, september, 1918gravesend, kent, englanddied16, march, . Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton FRS FRSE 1 8 September 1918 16 March 1998 was an English organic chemist and Nobel Prize laureate for 1969 2 3 4 5 SirDerek BartonFRS FRSEBarton in 1954BornDerek Harold Richard Barton 1918 09 08 8 September 1918Gravesend Kent EnglandDied16 March 1998 1998 03 16 aged 79 College Station Texas USAResting placeLa Grange Cemetery TexasNationalityBritishAlma materImperial College LondonKnown forBarton reaction Barton s base Barton decarboxylation Barton Kellogg reaction Barton McCombie deoxygenation Barton Zard synthesis Barton vinyl iodine procedureAwardsCorday Morgan Prize 1949 FRS 1954 1 Ernest Guenther Award 1957 Davy Medal 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 Royal Medal 1972 Knight Bachelor 1972 Copley Medal 1980 Priestley Medal 1995 Scientific careerFieldsChemistryInstitutionsImperial College London Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Texas A amp M University Birkbeck College LondonDoctoral advisorIan HeilbronDoctoral studentsJack Baldwin Anthony Barrett Insignia of a Knight Bachelor Contents 1 Education and early life 2 Career and research 3 Honours and awards 4 Personal life 5 References 6 External linksEducation and early life editBarton was born in Gravesend Kent to William Thomas and Maude Henrietta Barton nee Lukes He attended Gravesend Grammar School 1926 29 The King s School Rochester 1929 32 Tonbridge School 1932 35 and Medway Technical College 1937 39 In 1938 he entered Imperial College London where he graduated in 1940 and obtained his PhD degree in Organic Chemistry in 1942 Career and research editFrom 1942 to 1944 Barton was a government research chemist then from 1944 to 1945 he worked for Albright and Wilson in Birmingham He then became Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry of Imperial College and from 1946 to 1949 he was ICI Research Fellow During 1949 and 1950 he was visiting lecturer in natural products chemistry at Harvard University and was then appointed reader in organic chemistry and in 1953 professor at Birkbeck College In 1955 he became Regius Professor of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow in 1957 he was appointed professor of organic chemistry at University of Oxford In 1950 Barton showed that organic molecules could be assigned a preferred conformation based upon results accumulated by chemical physicists in particular by Odd Hassel Using this new technique of conformational analysis he later determined the geometry of many other natural product molecules In 1969 Barton shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Odd Hassel for contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry In 1958 Barton was appointed Arthur D Little Visiting Professor of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1959 Karl Folkers Visiting Professor of at the Universities of Illinois and Wisconsin The same year he was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 6 In 1949 he was the first recipient of the Corday Morgan Medal and Prize awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry In 1954 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and the International Academy of Science Munich as well as in 1956 a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1965 he was appointed member of the Council for Scientific Policy He was knighted in 1972 becoming formally styled Sir Derek in Britain In 1978 he became Director of the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN Gif Sur Yvette in France In 1977 on the occasion of the centenary of the Royal Institute of Chemistry the British Post Office honoured him and 5 other Nobel Prize winning British chemists with a series of four postage stamps featuring aspects of their discoveries 7 He moved to the United States in 1986 specifically Texas and became distinguished professor at Texas A amp M University and held this position for 12 years until his death In 1996 Barton published a comprehensive volume of his works entitled Reason and Imagination Reflections on Research in Organic Chemistry As well as for his work on conformation his name is remembered in a number of reactions in organic chemistry such as the Barton reaction the Barton decarboxylation and the Barton McCombie deoxygenation The newly built Barton Science Centre at Tonbridge School in Kent where he was educated for 4 years completed in 2019 is named after him Honours and awards editBarton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society FRS in 1954 1 In 1966 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina 8 He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1970 and the American Philosophical Society in 1978 9 10 nbsp Knight Bachelor 1972 nbsp Legion d honneur 1972 Personal life editSir Derek married three times Jeanne Kate Wilkins on 20 December 1944 Christiane Cognet in 1969 and Judith Von Leuenberger Cobb in 1993 11 He had a son by his first marriage when References edit a b c Ley S V Myers R M 2002 Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton 8 September 1918 16 March 1998 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 48 1 23 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2002 0001 JSTOR 3650246 Albert Cotton F 2000 Derek H R Barton 8 September 1918 16 March 1998 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 144 3 292 296 JSTOR 1515591 Derek Barton on Nobelprize org nbsp Barton s Nobel Lecture The Principles of Conformational Analysis Video podcast of Barton talking about conformational analysis Archived 16 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter B PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 19 May 2011 New Scientist 10 February 1977 p 319 List of Members www leopoldina org Archived from the original on 8 October 2017 Retrieved 8 October 2017 D H R Barton www nasonline org Retrieved 14 July 2022 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 14 July 2022 Coley N G 2004 Barton Sir Derek Harold Richard 1918 1998 organic chemist Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 69495 Retrieved 27 January 2019 Subscription or UK public library membership required External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Derek Barton Derek Barton on Nobelprize org nbsp including the Nobel Lecture 11 December 1969 The Principles of Conformational Analysis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Derek Barton amp oldid 1217695097, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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