fbpx
Wikipedia

Department of the Missouri

February 15, 2024

The Department of the Missouri was a command echelon of the United States Army in the 19th century and a sub division of the Military Division of the Missouri that functioned through the Indian Wars.

History edit

Background edit

Following the successful conclusion of the Mexican–American War, the administration of the United States Army was theoretically directed, under the President of the United States, by the Secretary of War and the general in chief. In practice the Secretary of War and the heads of the army's staff agencies—who reported directly to him (adjutant general, quartermaster general, commissary general, inspector general, paymaster general, surgeon general, chief engineer, colonel of topographical engineers, and colonel of ordnance)—exercised full authority, leaving the general-in-chief a figurehead. With a lack of central direction, policy and strategy were de facto developed by the commanders of the numbered geographical departments and three division headquarters. After October 31, 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four (Departments of Texas, New Mexico, the West, and the Pacific), whose department commanders employed their troops as they saw fit. The system returned to six departments in 1858 when the Department of Utah was created in January, and the Department of the Pacific split into the Departments of California and Oregon in September.

Military activity affecting one department often originated in another department, preventing efficient use of limited manpower and coordination of efforts. Friction between the Secretaries of War and the generals in chief, and particularly between Jefferson Davis and Winfield Scott, obstructed reforms in the staff system that might have brought unity of command and civilian control of the military. The expansion of the army during the Civil War saw a proliferation in the numbers of geographic departments and their subordinate districts, often changing names and areas under their individual control, some departments eliminated or renamed, only to be recreated again in altered form.

Departments of the Missouri and Kansas edit

The Department of Missouri resulted from the reorganization and breakup of the Department of the West on November 9, 1861, after Abraham Lincoln fired John C. Frémont when he would not rescind his order emancipating the slaves of Missouri and imposing martial law on the state. David Hunter served briefly as the last commander Department of the West. The new department included Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky west of the Cumberland River and at times, Kansas. It briefly merged with the Department of Mississippi in 1862, but was recreated September 19, now consisting of Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and the Indian Territory. Colorado and Nebraska were added on October 11, 1862, and the department became generally known as the Department of the Missouri. From 1862 to 1865 the department was primarily concerned with fighting Confederates in Missouri and Arkansas.

The Department of Kansas was created for a third time on January 1, 1864, removing major areas from the military jurisdiction of the Department of the Missouri. The new commander of the Department of Kansas, Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, had two districts (Colorado and Nebraska) wholly involved in Indian warfare, but Curtis was absorbed with fighting Confederates in the Indian Territory and bushwhackers in Kansas, allowing his other districts, particularly Colorado, complete autonomy. Governor John Evans and Colorado district commander Col. John M. Chivington took advantage of this lack of oversight to aggressively attack Cheyenne villages in April 1864, igniting a major Indian war in July. Curtis created a new District of the Upper Arkansas to wage the war, but he was wholly incapable of locating his opponents. In his other District of Nebraska, the warfare was even more intense, but the forces there too weak to deal with it.

Commanders edit

Civil War edit

Indian Wars edit

Department of Missouri Camps, Forts and Posts edit

Arkansas edit

Kansas edit

  • Bear Creek Redoubt (1870–1878)
  • Big Creek Station (1865–1867)+
  • Carlysle Station (1865–1866)+
  • Camp Caldwell (1884–1885)
  • Camp Crawford (1868)
  • Crisfield Post (1885)
  • Camp Drywood (1871)
  • Camp Grierson (1866)
  • Camp Hoffman (1867)
  • Camp Kirwin (1865)
  • Camp Ogallah (1867)
  • Camp Pliley (1869–1870?)
  • Camp Wichita (1868–1869)
  • Chalk Bluffs Station (1865–1867)+
  • Castle Rock Creek Station (1865–1867)+
  • Cimarron Redoubt (1870–1876)
  • Cimarron Springs Station (1864–1873)
  • Fort Aubrey (1865–1866)
  • Fort Bissell (1873–1878)
  • Fort Coon (1868)
  • Fort Dodge (1865–1882)
  • Fort Downer or Downer's Station (1867–1868)
  • Fort Harker (1866–1872)
  • Fort Hays (1865–1889)
  • Fort Jewell (1870)
  • Fort Larned (1859–1878)
  • Fort Leavenworth (1827–present)
  • Fort Lincoln (1861–1879)
  • Fort Lookout (1866–1870s)
  • Fort Monument (1865–1868)
  • Fort Protection (1885)
  • Fort Riley (1853–present)
  • Post of Southeastern Kansas (1869–1873)
  • Fort Solomon (1864–1865)
  • Fort Montgomery (1861–1869)
  • Fort Wallace (1865–1882)
  • Fort Zarah (1864–1869)
  • Grinnell Springs Station (1865–1867)+
  • Henshaw's Station (1865–1867)+
  • Lookout Station or Fort Lookout (1866–1868)
  • Monument Springs Post (1865–1867)
  • Pond Creek Station (1865–1866)+
  • Russell Springs Station (1865–1866)+
  • New Kiowa Post (1885)
  • Smoky Hill Station (1865–1867)+
  • + Army fortified Butterfield Stage stations along the Smoky Hill River route.

Missouri edit

Indian Territory and Territory of Oklahoma edit

  • Camp Alice (1883)
  • Camp Auger (1873–1874)
  • Camp Beach or Fort Beach or Fort Otter or Camp Otter (1874)
  • Camp Chilocco (1885)
  • Camp Guthrie (1889–1891)
  • Camp Oklahoma (1889)
  • Camp Price (1889)
  • Camp at Purcell (1889)
  • Camp Rockwell (1888)
  • Camp Russell (1884–1886)
  • Camp Wade or Camp at Kingfisher (1889)
  • Cantonment on the North Fork of the Canadian River (1879–1882, 1885)
  • Fort Arbuckle (1851–1870)
  • Fort Cobb (1859–1862, 1868–1869)
  • Camp Davidson (1878–1882)
  • Fort Gibson (1824–1901)
  • Fort Reno (1875–1948)
  • Fort Sill (1869–present)
  • Depot on the North Fork Canadian River and Camp Supply (1868–1878)
  • Sewell's Stockade (1870s)
  • Sheridan's Roost (1870)

References edit

  • Robert W. Frazer, Forts of the West: Military Forts and Presidios, and Posts Commonly Called Forts, West of the Mississippi River to 1898 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965).
  • Raphael P. Thian, Notes Illustrating the Military Geography of the United States, 1813-1880 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1881; reprinted Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1979).
  • Francis Paul Prucha, A Guide to the Military Posts of the United States, 1789-1895 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1964).
  • Utley, Robert M. (1967). Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848-1865. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-9550-6.
  • The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865, by E.B. Long with Barbara Long, 1985, Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-306-80255-4, page 138

External links edit

February 15, 2024
department, missouri, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, 2021, learn, when, rem. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Department of the Missouri was a command echelon of the United States Army in the 19th century and a sub division of the Military Division of the Missouri that functioned through the Indian Wars Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Departments of the Missouri and Kansas 2 Commanders 2 1 Civil War 2 2 Indian Wars 3 Department of Missouri Camps Forts and Posts 3 1 Arkansas 3 2 Kansas 3 3 Missouri 3 4 Indian Territory and Territory of Oklahoma 4 References 5 External linksHistory editBackground edit Following the successful conclusion of the Mexican American War the administration of the United States Army was theoretically directed under the President of the United States by the Secretary of War and the general in chief In practice the Secretary of War and the heads of the army s staff agencies who reported directly to him adjutant general quartermaster general commissary general inspector general paymaster general surgeon general chief engineer colonel of topographical engineers and colonel of ordnance exercised full authority leaving the general in chief a figurehead With a lack of central direction policy and strategy were de facto developed by the commanders of the numbered geographical departments and three division headquarters After October 31 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four Departments of Texas New Mexico the West and the Pacific whose department commanders employed their troops as they saw fit The system returned to six departments in 1858 when the Department of Utah was created in January and the Department of the Pacific split into the Departments of California and Oregon in September Military activity affecting one department often originated in another department preventing efficient use of limited manpower and coordination of efforts Friction between the Secretaries of War and the generals in chief and particularly between Jefferson Davis and Winfield Scott obstructed reforms in the staff system that might have brought unity of command and civilian control of the military The expansion of the army during the Civil War saw a proliferation in the numbers of geographic departments and their subordinate districts often changing names and areas under their individual control some departments eliminated or renamed only to be recreated again in altered form Departments of the Missouri and Kansas edit The Department of Missouri resulted from the reorganization and breakup of the Department of the West on November 9 1861 after Abraham Lincoln fired John C Fremont when he would not rescind his order emancipating the slaves of Missouri and imposing martial law on the state David Hunter served briefly as the last commander Department of the West The new department included Missouri Arkansas Illinois Kentucky west of the Cumberland River and at times Kansas It briefly merged with the Department of Mississippi in 1862 but was recreated September 19 now consisting of Missouri Arkansas Kansas and the Indian Territory Colorado and Nebraska were added on October 11 1862 and the department became generally known as the Department of the Missouri From 1862 to 1865 the department was primarily concerned with fighting Confederates in Missouri and Arkansas The Department of Kansas was created for a third time on January 1 1864 removing major areas from the military jurisdiction of the Department of the Missouri The new commander of the Department of Kansas Maj Gen Samuel R Curtis had two districts Colorado and Nebraska wholly involved in Indian warfare but Curtis was absorbed with fighting Confederates in the Indian Territory and bushwhackers in Kansas allowing his other districts particularly Colorado complete autonomy Governor John Evans and Colorado district commander Col John M Chivington took advantage of this lack of oversight to aggressively attack Cheyenne villages in April 1864 igniting a major Indian war in July Curtis created a new District of the Upper Arkansas to wage the war but he was wholly incapable of locating his opponents In his other District of Nebraska the warfare was even more intense but the forces there too weak to deal with it Commanders editCivil War edit Henry W Halleck November 19 1861 to March 11 1862 Samuel R Curtis September 24 1862 to May 24 1863 John M Schofield May 24 1863 to January 30 1864 William S Rosecrans January 30 1864 to December 9 1864 Grenville M Dodge December 9 1864 to June 27 1865 John Pope June 27 1865 to 1866 Indian Wars edit Winfield Scott Hancock 1866 1867 Philip Sheridan 1867 1869 John Schofield 1869 70 John Pope 1870 1883 Christopher Columbus Augur 1883 1885 Nelson Appleton Miles 1885 1886 Thomas Howard Ruger 1886 Orlando Bolivar Willcox 1886 1887 1887 1891 Department of Missouri Camps Forts and Posts editArkansas edit Fort SmithKansas edit Bear Creek Redoubt 1870 1878 Big Creek Station 1865 1867 Carlysle Station 1865 1866 Camp Caldwell 1884 1885 Camp Crawford 1868 Crisfield Post 1885 Camp Drywood 1871 Camp Grierson 1866 Camp Hoffman 1867 Camp Kirwin 1865 Camp Ogallah 1867 Camp Pliley 1869 1870 Camp Wichita 1868 1869 Chalk Bluffs Station 1865 1867 Castle Rock Creek Station 1865 1867 Cimarron Redoubt 1870 1876 Cimarron Springs Station 1864 1873 Fort Aubrey 1865 1866 Fort Bissell 1873 1878 Fort Coon 1868 Fort Dodge 1865 1882 Fort Downer or Downer s Station 1867 1868 Fort Harker 1866 1872 Fort Hays 1865 1889 Fort Jewell 1870 Fort Larned 1859 1878 Fort Leavenworth 1827 present Fort Lincoln 1861 1879 Fort Lookout 1866 1870s Fort Monument 1865 1868 Fort Protection 1885 Fort Riley 1853 present Post of Southeastern Kansas 1869 1873 Fort Solomon 1864 1865 Fort Montgomery 1861 1869 Fort Wallace 1865 1882 Fort Zarah 1864 1869 Grinnell Springs Station 1865 1867 Henshaw s Station 1865 1867 Lookout Station or Fort Lookout 1866 1868 Monument Springs Post 1865 1867 Pond Creek Station 1865 1866 Russell Springs Station 1865 1866 New Kiowa Post 1885 Smoky Hill Station 1865 1867 Army fortified Butterfield Stage stations along the Smoky Hill River route Missouri edit St Louis Arsenal 1827 1904 Jefferson Barracks 1826 1871 1894 1946 Indian Territory and Territory of Oklahoma edit Camp Alice 1883 Camp Auger 1873 1874 Camp Beach or Fort Beach or Fort Otter or Camp Otter 1874 Camp Chilocco 1885 Camp Guthrie 1889 1891 Camp Oklahoma 1889 Camp Price 1889 Camp at Purcell 1889 Camp Rockwell 1888 Camp Russell 1884 1886 Camp Wade or Camp at Kingfisher 1889 Cantonment on the North Fork of the Canadian River 1879 1882 1885 Fort Arbuckle 1851 1870 Fort Cobb 1859 1862 1868 1869 Camp Davidson 1878 1882 Fort Gibson 1824 1901 Fort Reno 1875 1948 Fort Sill 1869 present Depot on the North Fork Canadian River and Camp Supply 1868 1878 Fort Supply 1878 1894 Sewell s Stockade 1870s Sheridan s Roost 1870 References editRobert W Frazer Forts of the West Military Forts and Presidios and Posts Commonly Called Forts West of the Mississippi River to 1898 Norman University of Oklahoma Press 1965 Raphael P Thian Notes Illustrating the Military Geography of the United States 1813 1880 Washington D C Government Printing Office 1881 reprinted Austin TX University of Texas Press 1979 Francis Paul Prucha A Guide to the Military Posts of the United States 1789 1895 Madison State Historical Society of Wisconsin 1964 Utley Robert M 1967 Frontiersmen in Blue The United States Army and the Indian 1848 1865 University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 0 8032 9550 6 The Civil War Day by Day An Almanac 1861 1865 by E B Long with Barbara Long 1985 Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 80255 4 page 138External links editMissouri Capitol Hill website Missouri Capitol Hill on Division of Missouri Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Department of the Missouri amp oldid 1096781500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.