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David G. Hays

January 01, 1970

David Glenn Hays (November 17, 1928 – July 26, 1995) was a linguist, computer scientist and social scientist best known for his early work in machine translation and computational linguistics.[1]

Career overview edit

David Hays graduated from Harvard College in 1951 and received his Ph.D. in 1956 from Harvard's Department of Social Relations. In 1954-1955 he held a fellowship at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford and took a job at the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica in 1955, where he remained though 1968. In 1969 he joined the faculty of the State University of New York at Buffalo where he was founding chairman of the newly formed linguistics department and Professor of Linguistics, of Computer Science, and of Information and Library Studies. He remained at Buffalo until 1980 when he retired from the university and moved to New York City, where he worked as a private consultant and pursued independent research in cultural evolution and the arts, especially the ballet. He was on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems and starting in 1989 was a member of Connected Education's online faculty for their MA in Media Studies offered through The New School.

Language and computation edit

During his years at RAND he worked on the machine translation of Russian technical literature into English and more generally on computational linguistics, a term that he created. The syntactic component of the RAND system was based on Lucien Tesnière's dependency grammar and Hays became its principal advocate in America. More than anyone else Hays is responsible for the realization that language processing should consist in the application of theoretically motivated grammars to specific texts by general algorithms. In 1967 Hays published the first textbook in computational linguistics, Introduction to Computational Linguistics. At his direction RAND assembled an annotated corpus of a million words of Russian text, and thus pioneered in what is now known as corpus linguistics.

Culture and cognition edit

After leaving RAND and assuming his position at Buffalo, Hays turned to more a more general interest in language and cognition and, ultimately, the evolution of human culture. He developed an approach to abstract concepts in which their meaning was grounded in stories. Hays elaborated this idea in a series of articles and several of his graduate students, including Brian Phillips, Mary White, and William Benzon,[citation needed] employed the idea in their work. In 1982 he published Cognitive Structures, in which he developed a novel scheme for grounding cognition in perception and action as conceived in the control theory of William T. Powers. Working with William Benzon, he published a neural interpretation of this theory in 1988. During the 1980s and early 1990s he and Benzon developed a theory of cultural rank which they published in a series of papers (together and individually) and a book on the history of technology (Hays alone) in the early 1990s. His last major work was a critical review and synthesis of the empirical work that anthropologists and archaeologists had done on cultural complexity. This book was published posthumously as The Measurement of Cultural Evolution in the Non-Literate World: Homage to Raoul Naroll. At the time of his death, he had embarked on a study of the ballet, looking to understand how motion generates emotion.

Professional service edit

Hays played an important role in the professional organization of computational linguistics. He advocated the organization of the Association for Computational Linguistics and served as its second president in 1964. He was the first editor of its journal, Computational Linguistics (then called the American Journal of Computational Linguistics) from 1974 to 1978; the journal was originally published on microfiche to facilitate rapid publication and allow for longer articles than is practical in hard-copy publication. He was one of the founders of the International Committee on Computational Linguistics, served as its chairman from 1965 to 1969 and was an honorary member from 1965 to 1995.

Publications edit

Books, a selection
  • Introduction to Computational Linguistics, American Elsevier, New York, 1967 B00005W7K5
  • Cognitive Structures, HRAF Press, New Haven, 1982 9991740309
  • The Evolution of Technology, Preliminary Edition. Diskette-book, Connected Editions, New York, 1991, available online.
  • The Measurement of Cultural Evolution in the Non-Literate World: Homage to Raoul Naroll. Metagram Press, New York, 1994 0966725506
Articles, a selection
  • (With Robert R. Bush) A study of group action. American Sociological Review, 19:693-701, 1954. Reprinted in Readings in Mathematical Psychology, edited by R. Duncan Luce, Robert R. Bush, and Eugene Galanter. Wiley, 1965, 2:242-253
  • Order of subject and object in scientific Russian when other differentia are lacking. Mechanical Translation, 5:111-113, 1958
  • Dependency theory: A formalism and some observations. Language, 40: 511–525, 1964. Reprinted in Syntactic Theory 1, Structuralist, edited by Fred W. Householder. Penguin, 1972
  • A billion books for education in America and the world: A proposal ([Rand Corporation] Memorandum RM-5574-RC) (Unknown Binding) 1968
  • (With Enid Margolis, Raoul Naroll, and Revere Dale Perkins) Color term salience. American Anthropologist, 74:1107-1121, 1972
  • Cognitive networks and abstract terminology. Journal of Clinical Computing, 3(2):110-118, 1973
  • On 'alienation': An essay in the psycholinguistics of science. In Theories of Alienation, edited by R. Felix Geyer and David R. Schweitzer. Martinus Nijhoff, 1976, 169-187
  • Machine translation and abstract terminology. In Studies in Descriptive and Historical Linguistics, edited by Paul J. Hopper. John Benjamins, 1977, 95-108
  • (With David Bloom) Designation in English. In Anaphora in Discourse, edited by John V. Hinds. Champaign, Ill., Linguistic Research 1978: 1-68
  • (With William L. Benzon) Principles and Development of Natural Intelligence. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 11:1-30, 1988
  • (With William L. Benzon) The Evolution of Cognition. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 13:297-320, 1990
  • The Evolution of Expressive Culture. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 15: 187–215, 1992
  • Relativism and Progress. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 18:9-32, 1995

References edit

  1. ^ "dblp: David G. Hays". dblp.org. Retrieved 2024-02-08.

Hutchins, John, Machine Translation: past, present, future, (Ellis Horwood Series in Computers and their Applications) Chichester (UK): Ellis Horwood, 1986. (ISBN 0-85312-788-3) New York: Halsted Press, 1986. (ISBN 0-470-20313-7)

Kay, Martin, David G. Hays, in John Hutchins, ed. Early Years in Machine Translation: Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000, pp. 165–170.

Saxon, Wolfgang, David G. Hays, 66, a Developer of Language Study by Computer, New York Times, July 28, 1995, Obituary, Section A, p. 20.

External links edit

  • Yorick Wilks interviews Martin Kay Starting at about 4:25 Kay discusses Hays's contributions to computational linguistics.

January 01, 1970
david, hays, david, glenn, hays, november, 1928, july, 1995, linguist, computer, scientist, social, scientist, best, known, early, work, machine, translation, computational, linguistics, contents, career, overview, language, computation, culture, cognition, pr. David Glenn Hays November 17 1928 July 26 1995 was a linguist computer scientist and social scientist best known for his early work in machine translation and computational linguistics 1 Contents 1 Career overview 2 Language and computation 3 Culture and cognition 4 Professional service 5 Publications 6 References 7 External linksCareer overview editDavid Hays graduated from Harvard College in 1951 and received his Ph D in 1956 from Harvard s Department of Social Relations In 1954 1955 he held a fellowship at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford and took a job at the RAND Corporation Santa Monica in 1955 where he remained though 1968 In 1969 he joined the faculty of the State University of New York at Buffalo where he was founding chairman of the newly formed linguistics department and Professor of Linguistics of Computer Science and of Information and Library Studies He remained at Buffalo until 1980 when he retired from the university and moved to New York City where he worked as a private consultant and pursued independent research in cultural evolution and the arts especially the ballet He was on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems and starting in 1989 was a member of Connected Education s online faculty for their MA in Media Studies offered through The New School Language and computation editDuring his years at RAND he worked on the machine translation of Russian technical literature into English and more generally on computational linguistics a term that he created The syntactic component of the RAND system was based on Lucien Tesniere s dependency grammar and Hays became its principal advocate in America More than anyone else Hays is responsible for the realization that language processing should consist in the application of theoretically motivated grammars to specific texts by general algorithms In 1967 Hays published the first textbook in computational linguistics Introduction to Computational Linguistics At his direction RAND assembled an annotated corpus of a million words of Russian text and thus pioneered in what is now known as corpus linguistics Culture and cognition editAfter leaving RAND and assuming his position at Buffalo Hays turned to more a more general interest in language and cognition and ultimately the evolution of human culture He developed an approach to abstract concepts in which their meaning was grounded in stories Hays elaborated this idea in a series of articles and several of his graduate students including Brian Phillips Mary White and William Benzon citation needed employed the idea in their work In 1982 he published Cognitive Structures in which he developed a novel scheme for grounding cognition in perception and action as conceived in the control theory of William T Powers Working with William Benzon he published a neural interpretation of this theory in 1988 During the 1980s and early 1990s he and Benzon developed a theory of cultural rank which they published in a series of papers together and individually and a book on the history of technology Hays alone in the early 1990s His last major work was a critical review and synthesis of the empirical work that anthropologists and archaeologists had done on cultural complexity This book was published posthumously as The Measurement of Cultural Evolution in the Non Literate World Homage to Raoul Naroll At the time of his death he had embarked on a study of the ballet looking to understand how motion generates emotion Professional service editHays played an important role in the professional organization of computational linguistics He advocated the organization of the Association for Computational Linguistics and served as its second president in 1964 He was the first editor of its journal Computational Linguistics then called the American Journal of Computational Linguistics from 1974 to 1978 the journal was originally published on microfiche to facilitate rapid publication and allow for longer articles than is practical in hard copy publication He was one of the founders of the International Committee on Computational Linguistics served as its chairman from 1965 to 1969 and was an honorary member from 1965 to 1995 Publications editBooks a selection Introduction to Computational Linguistics American Elsevier New York 1967 B00005W7K5 Cognitive Structures HRAF Press New Haven 1982 9991740309 The Evolution of Technology Preliminary Edition Diskette book Connected Editions New York 1991 available online The Measurement of Cultural Evolution in the Non Literate World Homage to Raoul Naroll Metagram Press New York 1994 0966725506 Articles a selection With Robert R Bush A study of group action American Sociological Review 19 693 701 1954 Reprinted in Readings in Mathematical Psychology edited by R Duncan Luce Robert R Bush and Eugene Galanter Wiley 1965 2 242 253 Order of subject and object in scientific Russian when other differentia are lacking Mechanical Translation 5 111 113 1958 Dependency theory A formalism and some observations Language 40 511 525 1964 Reprinted in Syntactic Theory 1 Structuralist edited by Fred W Householder Penguin 1972 A billion books for education in America and the world A proposal Rand Corporation Memorandum RM 5574 RC Unknown Binding 1968 With Enid Margolis Raoul Naroll and Revere Dale Perkins Color term salience American Anthropologist 74 1107 1121 1972 Cognitive networks and abstract terminology Journal of Clinical Computing 3 2 110 118 1973 On alienation An essay in the psycholinguistics of science In Theories of Alienation edited by R Felix Geyer and David R Schweitzer Martinus Nijhoff 1976 169 187 Machine translation and abstract terminology In Studies in Descriptive and Historical Linguistics edited by Paul J Hopper John Benjamins 1977 95 108 With David Bloom Designation in English In Anaphora in Discourse edited by John V Hinds Champaign Ill Linguistic Research 1978 1 68 With William L Benzon Principles and Development of Natural Intelligence Journal of Social and Biological Structures 11 1 30 1988 With William L Benzon The Evolution of Cognition Journal of Social and Biological Structures 13 297 320 1990 The Evolution of Expressive Culture Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 15 187 215 1992 Relativism and Progress Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 18 9 32 1995References edit dblp David G Hays dblp org Retrieved 2024 02 08 Hutchins John Machine Translation past present future Ellis Horwood Series in Computers and their Applications Chichester UK Ellis Horwood 1986 ISBN 0 85312 788 3 New York Halsted Press 1986 ISBN 0 470 20313 7 Kay Martin David G Hays in John Hutchins ed Early Years in Machine Translation Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers Amsterdam Philadelphia John Benjamins Publishing Company 2000 pp 165 170 Saxon Wolfgang David G Hays 66 a Developer of Language Study by Computer New York Times July 28 1995 Obituary Section A p 20 External links editYorick Wilks interviews Martin Kay Starting at about 4 25 Kay discusses Hays s contributions to computational linguistics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title David G Hays amp oldid 1205382202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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