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Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

April 10, 2024

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense. The program is managed by the United States Space Force with on-orbit operations provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).[1] The (originally classified) mission of the satellites was revealed in March 1973. They provide cloud cover imagery from polar orbits that are Sun-synchronous at nominal altitude of 830 km (520 mi).[2]

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Artist rendition of a DMSP-5D2 satellite in orbit
Program overview
CountryUnited States
OrganizationUnited States Space Force
PurposeEarth monitoring
StatusOngoing
Program history
First flightDMSP-1 F2
23 August 1962
Last flightDMSP 5D-3/F19
3 April 2014
Launch site(s)Vandenberg Space Force Base
DMSP images of Auroral bands circling north of Scandinavia in December 2010

History edit

 
Rendering of lights on Earth's surface created using DMSP observations between 1994 and 1995

During the 1960s, one of the most important projects that the United States civil space program was involved in dealt with meteorology and weather forecasting. Unbeknownst to many, the U.S. military services were also starting up a weather satellite program. This program, the DMSP, would relay important weather and climate data to the military for more effective operations. From the onset of the DMSP program, knowledge of its existence was limited to "need-to-know" personnel. The United States Congress had assigned a substantial budget towards the civil weather satellite program; if knowledge of a second military program came out, it would have been hard for the military to justify it.[citation needed]

Initial operations of early DMSP systems provided radio return of cloud-cover imagery for planning of U.S. high-resolution photographic reconnaissance and surveillance missions, which utilized film-return systems. DMSP satellites operated in a Sun-synchronous orbit; passing over the north and south poles, the satellite would see different strips of the Earth at the same local time each day. The DMSP satellites had periods of roughly 101.0 minutes, so they would orbit the Earth 14.3 times in 24 hours. This period combined with the Sun-synchronous orbit would have the satellite pass over the whole surface of the planet twice a day.

 
DMSP and POES orbits shown in a GAO diagram.

The images acquired were relayed to the Earth and received by two command and readout stations [when?] established at retired Nike missile sites located near Fairchild Air Force Base in Washington State and Loring Air Force Base in Maine.[3] From these sites, the images were then sent to Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) located at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. Images would then be processed, forming a mosaic representing the cloud patterns that were observed from the orbiting satellites. Meteorologists could then provide flight crews and other commanders with up-to-date observations for their particular missions. Further advancements enabled data to be collected in the visual spectrum, down to a half-moonlit scene. Infrared processing enabled night viewing. Other enhancements increased on-board processing; this includes multiple on-board computers and expanded power requirements.[citation needed]

Now in its fifth decade of service, the DMSP program has proven itself to be a valuable tool in scheduling and protecting military operations on land, at sea, and in the air. In December 1972, DMSP data was declassified and made available to the civil scientific community. On 1 June 1998, the control and maintenance of the satellites were transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in order to reduce costs.[4]

DMSP was to be replaced by the Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) but that was cancelled in 2012. In 2017, the Air Force awarded a contract to build the first of the new defense weather satellites, the Weather System Follow-on Microwave (WSF-M) satellite.[5]

Losses of satellites edit

2004 explosion edit

In 2004 the USAF weather satellite DMSP Block 5D-2 F-11 (S-12) or DMSP-11, launched in 1991 and retired in 1995, exploded in orbit with debris objects generated. It seems likely the fragmentation was due to either a battery explosion or to residual fuel in the attitude control system.[6][7] Later, propulsion was identified as the "assessed cause" of DMSP-11 explosion.[8]

2015 explosion and debris field edit

On 3 February 2015, the 13th DMSP satellite — DMSP-F13 launched in 1995 — exploded while in a Sun-synchronous polar orbit leaving a debris field of at least 43 to 100 large fragments and more than 50,000 pieces smaller than 1 millimeter.[9] The Joint Space Operations Center at Vandenberg Space Force Base, Lompoc, California is monitoring the expanding debris field, and "will issue conjunction warnings if necessary".[10] The cause of the explosion was the rupturing of an onboard battery due to a design flaw (no collision with another object took place).[11]

2016 failure of DMSP 19 without replacement edit

On 11 February 2016, a power failure left both the command-and-control subsystem and its backup without the ability to reach the satellite's processor, according to the U.S. Air Force Space Command investigation released in July 2016 that also announced that DMSP 5D-3/F19 was considered to be 'lost'. The satellite's data can still be used, until it ceases pointing the sensors towards the Earth. The satellite was the most recent on-orbit, having been launched on 3 April 2014.[12]

The failure only left F16, F17 and F18 – all significantly past their expected 3–5 year lifespan – operational. F19's planned replacement was not carried out because Congress ordered the destruction of the already constructed F20 probe to save money by not having to pay its storage costs. It is unlikely that a new DMSP satellite would be launched before 2023; by then the three remaining satellites should no longer be operational.[13]

2016 explosion edit

In October 2016, the 12th DMSP satellite - DMSP-F12 launched in 1994 - exploded in orbit. The satellite had similar battery as the one that exploded in the DMSP-13 satellite, thus raising suspicions that DMSP-12 explosion was also caused by battery problems. At the time the cause of DMSP-12's explosion was however unknown, although a collision with another object did not seem to be the cause. Apparently, very little debris (just one trackable piece) was generated in DMSP-12 explosion. DMSP-12 was decommissioned in 2008.[7]

Near collision edit

In January 2017, the Joint Space Operations Center announced that two non-maneuverable satellites would come dangerously close, with a collision probability as high as 44%. DMSP F15 and Meteor 1-26 were considered to be the prime candidates for the encounter.[14] The operations center, which announced the possible collision, didn't identify the satellites involved but third party observers determined the most likely candidates.[14] The two did not collide.

NOAA 16 and 17 edit

The NOAA-16 and NOAA-17 weather satellites were based on the same technology as DMSP satellites. NOAA-17 disintegrated in orbit on 10 March 2021. NOAA-16 broke up in November 2015.[15]

Launch history edit

 
Comparison of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Operational Linescan System (OLS)

DMSP was initially known as Program 35. The first successful launch of a Program 35 spacecraft used a Scout X-2 rocket lifting off from Point Arguello near Vandenberg Space Force Base on 23 August 1962.[16][17] This was P35-2, the earlier P35-1 launch on 24 May 1962 had failed to reach orbit.[18] All five Program 35 launch attempts using Scout launch vehicle, including the two successes, were made from Vandenberg SLC-5. Other early launches were conducted using Thor-Burner launch vehicles, with Altair or Burner II upper stages. Program 35 had by this time been renamed the Data Acquisition and Processing Program, and the DAPP acronym is sometimes used for these satellites.[19] Eight satellites were launched using Atlas E launch vehicles between 1982 and 1995. Three were launched aboard Titan II vehicles between 1997 and 2003. One has been launched on a Delta IV rocket.

The most recent launch of a DMSP satellite, DMSP-F19, occurred on 3 April 2014, from Vandenberg aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle.[20]

Block 1 edit

The DSAP-1 (Defense Satellite Application Program Block 1) satellites series, also known as P-35, was the first series of military meteorological satellites of the United States. The project designation P-698BH was used concurrently with P-35 from June 1962 and P-35 became P-417 in October 1962. The designation DMSP-1 (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 1) was retroactively assigned to these satellites.

Block 2 edit

The DSAP-2 (Defense Satellite Application Program Block 2) satellites series consisted of three modified DSAP-1 satellites, retaining the shape and dimension of the earlier series, featuring improved infrared radiometers. The designation DMSP-2 (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 2) was retroactively assigned to these satellites.

Block 3 edit

The single DSAP-3 (Defense Satellite Application Program Block 3) was a modified DSAP-2 satellite to provide experimental tactical access to weather data, for which a tactical readout station was built near Saigon. The designation DMSP-3 (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 3) was retroactively assigned to this satellite.

Block 4A edit

Block 5A edit

Block 5B edit

Block 5C edit

[37]

Block 5D edit

In 2015, Congress voted to terminate the DMSP program and to scrap the DMSP 5D-3/F20 satellite, ordering the Air Force to move on to a next-generation system. The Air Force had intended to keep DMSP F20 in climate-controlled storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Sunnyvale, California, for a time in case it needed to be called up for launch in the coming years,[46] and in the aftermath of the failure of DMSP 5D-3/F19, the USAF was reconsidering the future of DMSP-5D3 F-20. However, in late 2016, the USAF began scrapping DMSP-5D3 F-20.

Photo gallery edit

  •  
    DMSP - Block 5D2
  •  
    DMSP - Block 5D1
  •  
    DMSP Shroud at SLC-10
  •  
    FAIR Operations room ca. 1977

See also edit

  • NPOESS - the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
  • Space debris

References edit

  1. ^ . Schriever Air Force Base. Archived from the original on 2009-12-03. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  2. ^ "DMSP 1965-072A". NASA. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  3. ^ . The High Ground. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-07-10. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
  5. ^ Russell, Kendall (30 November 2017). "Ball Aerospace Wins Air Force Contract for New Weather Satellite". from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  6. ^ a b Jonathan McDowell (2 June 2004). . Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d Berger, Brian (27 October 2016). "Another U.S. Air Force Weather Satellite Just Broke Up in Orbit". www.space.com. Space News. from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  8. ^ "20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Wasn't First To Explode". 3 March 2015.
  9. ^ Explosion of U.S. Military Satellite May Endanger Spacecraft After All 2015-05-10 at the Wayback Machine Mike Wall, SPACE.com, 8 May 2015
  10. ^ Berger, Brian; Gruss, Mike (27 February 2015). "20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit". SpaceNews. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  11. ^ "NOAA Weather Satellite Breaks Up in Orbit - SpaceNews". 27 November 2015.
  12. ^ Malfunctioning Weather Satellite Can't Be Recovered, Air Force Finds, Valerie Insinna, DefenseNews.com, 25 July 2016
  13. ^ McKie, Rob (November 5, 2017). . The Guardian. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2017-11-05. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Update: High-Risk Satellite Conjunction passes without Incident". Spaceflight101.com. 7 January 2017. from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  15. ^ Foust, Jeff (20 March 2021). "Decommissioned NOAA weather satellite breaks up". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  16. ^ "P35 2 - NSSDC ID: 1962-039A". NASA. Retrieved 2008-05-31.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. ^ Shaltanis, Capt Dan A. . Archived from the original on 2008-07-20.
  18. ^ . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12.
  19. ^ "DMSP 5A/F2 - NSSDC ID: 1970-070A". NASA. Retrieved 2008-02-25.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ^ . United Launch Alliance. April 3, 2014. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
  21. ^ "1965-003A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  22. ^ "1965-021A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  23. ^ "1965-038A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  24. ^ . reentrynews.aero.org. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  25. ^ "1965-072A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  26. ^ "1966-026A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  27. ^ "1966-082A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  28. ^ "1967-010A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  29. ^ "1967-080A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  30. ^ "1967-096A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  31. ^ "1968-042A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  32. ^ "1968-092A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  33. ^ "1969-062A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  34. ^ "1970-012A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  35. ^ "1970-070A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  36. ^ "1971-012A". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  37. ^ Hall, R. Cargill. A History of the Military Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellite Program (PDF). p. 43. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  38. ^ Brian Berger, Mike Gruss (27 February 2015). "20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit". Space News.
  39. ^ "Satellite decommissioned on Space Force orders after 22 years". 24 February 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  40. ^ "DMSP Block 5D-3 Satellite Series". Earth Observation Portal. from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  41. ^ . LM. October 18, 2009. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011.
  42. ^ Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation: DMSP-18 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, United Launch Alliance, October 2009, accessed 2011-01-10.
  43. ^ "U.S. Air Force blames power failure for loss of DMSP-F19 weather satellite - SpaceNews.com". SpaceNews.com. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
  44. ^ "DoD meteorological satellite mission to end". 4 August 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  45. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "DMSP-5D3 F15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20". Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  46. ^ Clark, Stephen (30 March 2016). "Air Force ends effort to recover DMSP weather satellite". Spaceflight Now. from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

External links edit

  • (dead-link)
  • (dead-link)
  • Air Force news article
  • SSIES ionospheric instrument data page 2008-04-04 at the Wayback Machine

April 10, 2024
defense, meteorological, satellite, program, dmsp, monitors, meteorological, oceanographic, solar, terrestrial, physics, united, states, department, defense, program, managed, united, states, space, force, with, orbit, operations, provided, national, oceanic, . The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DMSP monitors meteorological oceanographic and solar terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense The program is managed by the United States Space Force with on orbit operations provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA 1 The originally classified mission of the satellites was revealed in March 1973 They provide cloud cover imagery from polar orbits that are Sun synchronous at nominal altitude of 830 km 520 mi 2 Defense Meteorological Satellite ProgramArtist rendition of a DMSP 5D2 satellite in orbitProgram overviewCountryUnited StatesOrganizationUnited States Space ForcePurposeEarth monitoringStatusOngoingProgram historyFirst flightDMSP 1 F223 August 1962Last flightDMSP 5D 3 F193 April 2014Launch site s Vandenberg Space Force BaseDMSP images of Auroral bands circling north of Scandinavia in December 2010 Contents 1 History 2 Losses of satellites 2 1 2004 explosion 2 2 2015 explosion and debris field 2 3 2016 failure of DMSP 19 without replacement 2 4 2016 explosion 2 5 Near collision 2 6 NOAA 16 and 17 3 Launch history 3 1 Block 1 3 2 Block 2 3 3 Block 3 3 4 Block 4A 3 5 Block 5A 3 6 Block 5B 3 7 Block 5C 3 8 Block 5D 4 Photo gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp Rendering of lights on Earth s surface created using DMSP observations between 1994 and 1995During the 1960s one of the most important projects that the United States civil space program was involved in dealt with meteorology and weather forecasting Unbeknownst to many the U S military services were also starting up a weather satellite program This program the DMSP would relay important weather and climate data to the military for more effective operations From the onset of the DMSP program knowledge of its existence was limited to need to know personnel The United States Congress had assigned a substantial budget towards the civil weather satellite program if knowledge of a second military program came out it would have been hard for the military to justify it citation needed Initial operations of early DMSP systems provided radio return of cloud cover imagery for planning of U S high resolution photographic reconnaissance and surveillance missions which utilized film return systems DMSP satellites operated in a Sun synchronous orbit passing over the north and south poles the satellite would see different strips of the Earth at the same local time each day The DMSP satellites had periods of roughly 101 0 minutes so they would orbit the Earth 14 3 times in 24 hours This period combined with the Sun synchronous orbit would have the satellite pass over the whole surface of the planet twice a day nbsp DMSP and POES orbits shown in a GAO diagram The images acquired were relayed to the Earth and received by two command and readout stations when established at retired Nike missile sites located near Fairchild Air Force Base in Washington State and Loring Air Force Base in Maine 3 From these sites the images were then sent to Air Force Global Weather Central AFGWC located at Offutt Air Force Base Nebraska Images would then be processed forming a mosaic representing the cloud patterns that were observed from the orbiting satellites Meteorologists could then provide flight crews and other commanders with up to date observations for their particular missions Further advancements enabled data to be collected in the visual spectrum down to a half moonlit scene Infrared processing enabled night viewing Other enhancements increased on board processing this includes multiple on board computers and expanded power requirements citation needed Now in its fifth decade of service the DMSP program has proven itself to be a valuable tool in scheduling and protecting military operations on land at sea and in the air In December 1972 DMSP data was declassified and made available to the civil scientific community On 1 June 1998 the control and maintenance of the satellites were transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA in order to reduce costs 4 DMSP was to be replaced by the Defense Weather Satellite System DWSS but that was cancelled in 2012 In 2017 the Air Force awarded a contract to build the first of the new defense weather satellites the Weather System Follow on Microwave WSF M satellite 5 Losses of satellites edit2004 explosion edit In 2004 the USAF weather satellite DMSP Block 5D 2 F 11 S 12 or DMSP 11 launched in 1991 and retired in 1995 exploded in orbit with debris objects generated It seems likely the fragmentation was due to either a battery explosion or to residual fuel in the attitude control system 6 7 Later propulsion was identified as the assessed cause of DMSP 11 explosion 8 2015 explosion and debris field edit On 3 February 2015 the 13th DMSP satellite DMSP F13 launched in 1995 exploded while in a Sun synchronous polar orbit leaving a debris field of at least 43 to 100 large fragments and more than 50 000 pieces smaller than 1 millimeter 9 The Joint Space Operations Center at Vandenberg Space Force Base Lompoc California is monitoring the expanding debris field and will issue conjunction warnings if necessary 10 The cause of the explosion was the rupturing of an onboard battery due to a design flaw no collision with another object took place 11 2016 failure of DMSP 19 without replacement edit On 11 February 2016 a power failure left both the command and control subsystem and its backup without the ability to reach the satellite s processor according to the U S Air Force Space Command investigation released in July 2016 that also announced that DMSP 5D 3 F19 was considered to be lost The satellite s data can still be used until it ceases pointing the sensors towards the Earth The satellite was the most recent on orbit having been launched on 3 April 2014 12 The failure only left F16 F17 and F18 all significantly past their expected 3 5 year lifespan operational F19 s planned replacement was not carried out because Congress ordered the destruction of the already constructed F20 probe to save money by not having to pay its storage costs It is unlikely that a new DMSP satellite would be launched before 2023 by then the three remaining satellites should no longer be operational 13 2016 explosion edit In October 2016 the 12th DMSP satellite DMSP F12 launched in 1994 exploded in orbit The satellite had similar battery as the one that exploded in the DMSP 13 satellite thus raising suspicions that DMSP 12 explosion was also caused by battery problems At the time the cause of DMSP 12 s explosion was however unknown although a collision with another object did not seem to be the cause Apparently very little debris just one trackable piece was generated in DMSP 12 explosion DMSP 12 was decommissioned in 2008 7 Near collision edit In January 2017 the Joint Space Operations Center announced that two non maneuverable satellites would come dangerously close with a collision probability as high as 44 DMSP F15 and Meteor 1 26 were considered to be the prime candidates for the encounter 14 The operations center which announced the possible collision didn t identify the satellites involved but third party observers determined the most likely candidates 14 The two did not collide NOAA 16 and 17 edit The NOAA 16 and NOAA 17 weather satellites were based on the same technology as DMSP satellites NOAA 17 disintegrated in orbit on 10 March 2021 NOAA 16 broke up in November 2015 15 Launch history edit nbsp Comparison of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite VIIRS and Operational Linescan System OLS DMSP was initially known as Program 35 The first successful launch of a Program 35 spacecraft used a Scout X 2 rocket lifting off from Point Arguello near Vandenberg Space Force Base on 23 August 1962 16 17 This was P35 2 the earlier P35 1 launch on 24 May 1962 had failed to reach orbit 18 All five Program 35 launch attempts using Scout launch vehicle including the two successes were made from Vandenberg SLC 5 Other early launches were conducted using Thor Burner launch vehicles with Altair or Burner II upper stages Program 35 had by this time been renamed the Data Acquisition and Processing Program and the DAPP acronym is sometimes used for these satellites 19 Eight satellites were launched using Atlas E launch vehicles between 1982 and 1995 Three were launched aboard Titan II vehicles between 1997 and 2003 One has been launched on a Delta IV rocket The most recent launch of a DMSP satellite DMSP F19 occurred on 3 April 2014 from Vandenberg aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle 20 Block 1 edit The DSAP 1 Defense Satellite Application Program Block 1 satellites series also known as P 35 was the first series of military meteorological satellites of the United States The project designation P 698BH was used concurrently with P 35 from June 1962 and P 35 became P 417 in October 1962 The designation DMSP 1 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 1 was retroactively assigned to these satellites Block 1Name IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Launch site Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination degrees Status Alt namesDMSP 1 F1 23 May 1962 Scout Va LC D 45 55 Failed to orbit 2nd stage exploded Program 35 F 1 P 698BH F1 DSAP 1 F1DMSP 1 F2 1962 039A00369 23 August 1962 Scout Va LC D 45 55 97 557 694 98 4 Success EOM 11 Jun 1963 Program 35 F 2 P 698BH F2 DSAP 1 F2DMSP 1 F3 1963 005A00533 19 February 1963 Scout Va LC D 45 55 Improper orbit first DMSP with infrared system Program 35 F 3 P 417 F3 DSAP 1 F3DMSP 1 F4 26 April 1963 Scout Va LC D 45 55 Failed to orbit 3rd stage exploded Program 35 F 4 P 417 F4 DSAP 1 F4DMSP 1 F5 27 September 1963 Scout Va LC D 45 55 Failed to orbit 3rd stage failure Program 35 F 5 P 417 F5 DSAP 1 F5DMSP 1 F6 1964 002B00734 19 January 1964 Thor DM21 Agena D Va 75 1 2 45 55 100 785 807 99 EOM 10 July 1964 Program 35 F 6 DSAP 1 F6 OPS 3367A P 417 F6DMSP 1 F7 1964 002C00735 19 Jan 1964 Thor DM21 Agena D Va 75 1 2 45 55 100 788 811 99 EOM 17 Mar 1965 Program 35 F 7 DSAP 1 F7 OPS 3367B P 417 F7DMSP 1 F8 1964 031A00812 17 Jun 1964 Thor DM21 Agena D Va 75 3 4 45 55 101 809 817 99 7 EOM 16 Feb 1966 Program 35 F 8 DSAP 1 F8 OPS 4467A P 417 F8DMSP 1 F9 1964 031B00813 17 Jun 1964 Thor Agena D Va 75 3 4 45 55 101 811 820 99 7 EOM 15 Oct 1965 Program 35 F 9 DSAP 1 F9 OPS 4467B P 417 F9DMSP 1 F10 1965 003A00973 19 Jan 1965 Thor LV2D Burner 1 1 Thor DSV2S MG 18 Va 4300 B6 45 55 failed to separate from upper stage Program 35 F 10 DSAP 1 F10 OPS 7040 P 417 F10DMSP 1 F11 1965 021A01273 18 Feb 1965 Thor LV2D Burner 1 1 Thor DSV2S MG 18 Va 4300 B6 45 55 EOM 15 Oct 1965 Program 35 F 11 DSAP 1 F11 OPS 7353 P 417 F11Block 2 edit The DSAP 2 Defense Satellite Application Program Block 2 satellites series consisted of three modified DSAP 1 satellites retaining the shape and dimension of the earlier series featuring improved infrared radiometers The designation DMSP 2 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 2 was retroactively assigned to these satellites Block 2Name IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Launch site Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 2 F1 1965 072A01580 10 Sep 1965 Thor LV2D Burner 1 2 Thor DSV2S Altair 3 Va 4300 B6 73 100 632 971 98 7 DSAP 2 F1 OPS 8068DMSP 2 F2 6 Jan 1966 Thor LV2D Burner 1 2 Thor DSV2S Altair 3 Va 4300 B6 73 Launch failed DSAP 2 F2 OPS 2394DMSP 2 F3 1966 026A02125 31 Mar 1966 Thor LV2D Burner 1 2 Thor DSV2S Altair 3 Va 4300 B6 73 98 594 820 98 3 DSAP 2 F3 OPS 0340Block 3 edit The single DSAP 3 Defense Satellite Application Program Block 3 was a modified DSAP 2 satellite to provide experimental tactical access to weather data for which a tactical readout station was built near Saigon The designation DMSP 3 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Block 3 was retroactively assigned to this satellite Block 3Name IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Launch site Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 3 F1 1965 038A01377 20 May 1965 Thor LV2D Burner 1 2 Thor DSV2S Altair 3 Va 4300 B6 Tactical orientation for use over Vietnam DSAP 3 F1 OPS 8386Block 4A edit Block 4AName ID ReferenceNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 4A 1 1965 003A 21 00973 19 Jan 1965 Thor Altair 250 97 7 471 822 98 8 Decayed 13 Jul 1979 1st use of Thor Altair OPS 7040DMSP 4A 2 1965 021A 22 01273 18 Mar 1965 Thor Altair 250 94 4 442 533 99 0 Decayed 31 Dec 1989 OPS 7353DMSP 4A 3 1965 038A 23 01377 20 May 1965 Thor Altair 250 98 7 527 829 98 2 Decayed 09 Mar 2012 24 OPS 8386DMSP 4A 4 1965 072A 25 01580 10 Sep 1965 Thor Altair 250 101 5 639 1 013 99 0 In orbit OPS 8068DMSP 4A 5 None 6 Jan 1966 Thor Altair 250 Failed to orbit DMSP 4A 6 1966 026A 26 02125 30 Mar 1966 Thor Altair 250 99 9 613 883 98 5 In orbit OPS 0340DMSP 4A 7 1966 082A 27 02418 16 Sep 1966 Thor Burner II 420 100 4 680 872 98 8 In orbit 1st use of Burner II OPS 6026DMSP 4A 8 1967 010A 28 02669 8 Feb 1967 Thor Burner II 420 101 3 778 854 98 9 In orbit OPS 6073DMSP 4A 9 1967 080A 29 02920 23 Aug 1967 Thor Burner II 420 102 2 822 878 98 8 In orbit OPS 7202DMSP 4A 10 1967 096A 30 02980 11 Oct 1967 Thor Burner II 420 99 5 650 822 99 2 In orbit OPS 1264Block 5A edit Block 5AName ID ReferenceNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 5A 1 1968 042A 31 03266 23 May 1968 Thor Burner II 420 101 9 809 888 98 8 In orbit OPS 7869DMSP 5A 2 1968 092A 32 03510 23 Oct 1968 Thor Burner II 420 101 2 792 838 98 5 In orbit OPS 4078DMSP 5A 3 1969 062A 33 04047 23 Jul 1969 Thor Burner II 420 101 1 775 844 98 5 In orbit OPS 1127DMSP 5A 4 1970 012A 34 04331 11 Feb 1970 Thor Burner II 420 101 1 759 850 98 8 In orbit OPS 0054DMSP 5A 5 1970 070A 35 04512 3 Sep 1970 Thor Burner II 420 101 9 764 874 99 1 Reentered 21 Sep 1970 OPS 0203DMSP 5A 6 1971 012A 36 04953 17 Feb 1971 Thor Burner II 420 100 6 755 817 98 3 In orbit OPS 5268Block 5B edit Block 5BName IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 5B 1 1971 087A05557 14 Oct 1971 Thor Burner II 513 101 4 782 865 99 1 In orbit OPS 4311DMSP 5B 2 1972 018A05903 24 Mar 1972 Thor Burner II 513 101 5 787 868 99 1 In orbit OPS 5058DMSP 5B 3 1972 089A06275 9 Nov 1972 Thor Burner II 513 101 4 797 855 98 8 In orbit OPS 7323DMSP 5B 4 1973 054A06787 17 Aug 1973 Thor Burner II 513 101 2 795 839 98 5 In orbit OPS 8364DMSP 5B 5 1974 015A07218 16 Mar 1974 Thor Burner IIA 513 101 2 767 859 99 0 In orbit OPS 8579Block 5C edit Block 5CName IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt name End of MissionDMSP 5C 1 1974 063A07411 9 Aug 1974 Thor Burner IIA 513 101 5 792 862 98 7 In orbit OPS 6983 1 Dec 1977DMSP 5C 2 1975 043A07816 24 May 1975 Thor Burner II 513 101 7 797 881 98 7 In orbit OPS 6229 30 November 1977DMSP 5C 3 1976 016A08696 19 Feb 1976 Thor Burner II 513 89 0 90 355 98 9 Decayed 19 Feb 1976 OPS 5140 Failed to orbit Improper Fuel Loading 37 Block 5D edit Block 5DName IDNORAD Launch date Launch vehicle Mass kg Period min Perigee km Apogee km Inclination deg Status Alt nameDMSP 5D 1 F1 1976 091A09415 11 Sep 1976 Thor Burner II 513 101 3 806 834 98 6 In orbit aka AMS 1 OPS 5721DMSP 5D1 F2 1977 044A10033 5 Jun 1977 Thor Burner II 513 101 3 789 853 99 0 In orbit aka AMS 2 OPS 5644DMSP 5D 1 F3 1978 042A10820 1 May 1978 Thor Burner II 513 101 1 804 817 98 6 In orbit aka AMS 3 OPS 6182DMSP 5D 1 F4 1979 050A11389 6 Jun 1979 Thor Burner II 513 101 2 806 828 98 7 In orbit aka AMS 4 OPS 5390DMSP 5D 1 F5 None 14 July 1980 Thor 513 Failed to orbit DMSP 5D 2 F6 1982 118A13736 21 Dec 1982 Atlas E 751 101 2 811 823 98 7 In orbit aka AMS 5 OPS 9845DMSP 5D 2 F7 1983 113A14506 18 Nov 1983 Atlas E 751 101 4 815 832 98 7 In orbit OPS 1294DMSP 5D 2 F8 1987 053A18123 20 Jun 1987 Atlas E 823 96 89 564 653 97 6 In orbit first to carry SSM I microwave imaging sensor to see through clouds USA 26DMSP 5D 2 F9 1988 006A18822 3 Feb 1988 Atlas E 823 101 3 815 826 98 7 In orbit USA 29DMSP 5D 2 F10 1990 105A20978 1 Dec 1990 Atlas E 823 100 6 729 845 98 9 Operational but not in desired orbit USA 68DMSP 5D 2 F11 1991 082A21798 28 Nov 1991 Atlas E 823 101 9 835 855 98 9 Exploded in orbit in 2004 6 7 USA 73DMSP 5D 2 F12 1994 057A23233 29 Aug 1994 Atlas E 830 101 9 839 856 98 9 Exploded in orbit in 2016 7 USA 106DMSP 5D 2 F13 1995 015A23533 24 March 1995 Atlas E 830 101 9 845 854 98 8 Exploded in orbit in February 2015 38 USA 109DMSP 5D 2 F14 1997 012A24753 4 Apr 1997 Titan 23G 830 101 9 842 855 98 9 In orbit decommissioned in 2020 39 USA 131DMSP 5D 3 F15 1999 067A25991 12 Dec 1999 Titan 23G 101 8 837 851 98 9 In orbit 5D 2 suite of instruments 40 USA 147DMSP 5D 3 F16 2003 048A28054 18 Oct 2003 Titan 23G 101 9 843 853 98 9 In orbit USA 172DMSP 5D 3 F17 2006 050A29522 04 Nov 2006 Delta IV 102 841 855 98 8 In orbit USA 191DMSP 5D 3 F18 2009 057A35951 18 Oct 2009 Atlas V 1200 101 9 843 857 98 9 In orbit 41 Included a 2 4 hour post spacecraft mission test of cryogenic fluid management on the Centaur upper stage 42 USA 210DMSP 5D 3 F19 2014 015A39630 3 Apr 2014 Atlas V 101 85 840 853 98 85 F19 stopped responding to commands on 11 February 2016 due to a power failure affecting an encrypted command and control system The satellite continued to report telemetry and some real time weather data but could no longer be commanded The data was reported as tactical data to field units 43 44 The attitude control was lost in October 2017 thus ending the mission 45 F19 has started to break apart creating several pieces of debris USA 249In 2015 Congress voted to terminate the DMSP program and to scrap the DMSP 5D 3 F20 satellite ordering the Air Force to move on to a next generation system The Air Force had intended to keep DMSP F20 in climate controlled storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Sunnyvale California for a time in case it needed to be called up for launch in the coming years 46 and in the aftermath of the failure of DMSP 5D 3 F19 the USAF was reconsidering the future of DMSP 5D3 F 20 However in late 2016 the USAF began scrapping DMSP 5D3 F 20 Photo gallery edit nbsp DMSP Block 5D2 nbsp DMSP Block 5D1 nbsp DMSP Shroud at SLC 10 nbsp FAIR Operations room ca 1977See also edit nbsp Astronomy portal nbsp Solar System portal nbsp Space portalNPOESS the National Polar orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Space debrisReferences edit Schriever Airmen assist during satellite program move Schriever Air Force Base Archived from the original on 2009 12 03 Retrieved 2008 02 04 DMSP 1965 072A NASA Retrieved 2008 02 25 Defense Meteorological Support sic Program The High Ground Archived from the original on 2007 02 14 Factsheets 6th Space Operations Squadron Archived from the original on 2013 07 10 Retrieved 2013 08 26 Russell Kendall 30 November 2017 Ball Aerospace Wins Air Force Contract for New Weather Satellite Archived from the original on 13 December 2017 Retrieved 12 December 2017 a b Jonathan McDowell 2 June 2004 Jonathan s Space Report No 527 Archived from the original on 8 March 2017 Retrieved 2 March 2015 a b c d Berger Brian 27 October 2016 Another U S Air Force Weather Satellite Just Broke Up in Orbit www space com Space News Archived from the original on 27 October 2016 Retrieved 27 October 2016 20 year old Military Weather Satellite Wasn t First To Explode 3 March 2015 Explosion of U S Military Satellite May Endanger Spacecraft After All Archived 2015 05 10 at the Wayback Machine Mike Wall SPACE com 8 May 2015 Berger Brian Gruss Mike 27 February 2015 20 year old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit SpaceNews Retrieved 28 February 2015 NOAA Weather Satellite Breaks Up in Orbit SpaceNews 27 November 2015 Malfunctioning Weather Satellite Can t Be Recovered Air Force Finds Valerie Insinna DefenseNews com 25 July 2016 McKie Rob November 5 2017 Donald Trump accused of obstructing satellite research into climate change The Guardian ISSN 0029 7712 Archived from the original on 2017 11 05 Retrieved November 5 2017 a b Update High Risk Satellite Conjunction passes without Incident Spaceflight101 com 7 January 2017 Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 Retrieved 8 January 2017 Foust Jeff 20 March 2021 Decommissioned NOAA weather satellite breaks up SpaceNews Retrieved 20 March 2021 P35 2 NSSDC ID 1962 039A NASA Retrieved 2008 05 31 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Shaltanis Capt Dan A Defense Meteorological Satellite Program History Archived from the original on 2008 07 20 Program 35 Encyclopedia Astronautica Archived from the original on 2012 02 12 DMSP 5A F2 NSSDC ID 1970 070A NASA Retrieved 2008 02 25 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain United Launch Alliance Marks 80th Successful Launch by Delivering Air Force s Weather Satellite to Orbit United Launch Alliance April 3 2014 Archived from the original on December 7 2013 Retrieved December 12 2010 1965 003A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1965 021A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1965 038A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 Center for Orbital and Re Entry Debris Studies OPS 8386 DMSP reentrynews aero org Archived from the original on 2012 05 05 Retrieved 11 April 2018 1965 072A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1966 026A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1966 082A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1967 010A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1967 080A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1967 096A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1968 042A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1968 092A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1969 062A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1970 012A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1970 070A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 1971 012A Nssdc gsfc nasa gov 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 05 14 Hall R Cargill A History of the Military Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellite Program PDF p 43 Retrieved 26 January 2023 Brian Berger Mike Gruss 27 February 2015 20 year old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit Space News Satellite decommissioned on Space Force orders after 22 years 24 February 2020 Retrieved 13 April 2020 DMSP Block 5D 3 Satellite Series Earth Observation Portal Archived from the original on 2018 03 25 Retrieved 2018 03 24 Nation s Newest USAF Environmental Satellite Launched LM October 18 2009 Archived from the original on October 20 2011 Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation DMSP 18 Archived 2011 07 17 at the Wayback Machine United Launch Alliance October 2009 accessed 2011 01 10 U S Air Force blames power failure for loss of DMSP F19 weather satellite SpaceNews com SpaceNews com 26 July 2016 Retrieved 2017 11 24 DoD meteorological satellite mission to end 4 August 2017 Retrieved 12 January 2023 Krebs Gunter DMSP 5D3 F15 16 17 18 19 20 Retrieved 12 January 2023 Clark Stephen 30 March 2016 Air Force ends effort to recover DMSP weather satellite Spaceflight Now Archived from the original on 8 August 2018 Retrieved 24 November 2017 External links editR Cargill Hall A History of the Military Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellite Program National Geophysical Data Center archive of DMSP data Air Force Fact Sheet dead link The High Ground DMSP dead link Air Force Research Lab Horizons magazine article Air Force news article SSIES ionospheric instrument data page Archived 2008 04 04 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Defense Meteorological Satellite Program amp oldid 1191272162 Block 5D, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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