DDX20

Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX20, also known as DEAD-box helicase 20 and gem-associated protein 3 (GEMIN3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX20 gene.^[5][6]

DDX20
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2OXC, 3B7G
Identifiers
Aliases	DDX20, DP103, GEMIN3, DEAD-box helicase 20
External IDs	OMIM: 606168 MGI: 1858415 HomoloGene: 5214 GeneCards: DDX20
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)^[1] Band 1p13.2 Start 111,754,832 bp^[1] End 111,775,602 bp^[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)^[2] Band 3|3 F2.2 Start 105,585,586 bp^[2] End 105,594,890 bp^[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm tibialis anterior muscle secondary oocyte pancreatic epithelial cell deltoid muscle Achilles tendon gastrocnemius muscle caput epididymis bronchial epithelial cell lower lobe of lung Top expressed in otic placode saccule spermatid seminiferous tubule spermatocyte maxillary prominence somite primitive streak superior cervical ganglion hand More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity nucleotide binding helicase activity protein domain specific binding histone deacetylase binding protein binding nucleic acid binding hydrolase activity ATP binding Cellular component SMN-Sm protein complex cytosol membrane transcription repressor complex nucleoplasm SMN complex RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex cytoskeleton nucleus gemini of coiled bodies cytoplasm nuclear body nucleolus Biological process RNA processing spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly mRNA processing regulation of steroid biosynthetic process negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II oogenesis spliceosomal snRNP assembly RNA secondary structure unwinding RNA splicing positive regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated negative regulation of cell population proliferation import into nucleus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 11218 53975 Ensembl ENSG00000064703 ENSMUSG00000027905 UniProt Q9UHI6 Q9JJY4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007204 NM_017397 RefSeq (protein) NP_009135 NP_059093 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 111.75 – 111.78 Mb Chr 3: 105.59 – 105.59 Mb PubMed search ^[3] ^[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which has an ATPase activity and is a component of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex.^[6] SMN is the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and may play a catalytic role in the function of the SMN complex on RNPs.^[6]

Clinical significance

Previous research has revealed that DDX20 may act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma and as a tumor promoter in breast cancer. DDX20 deficiency enhances NF-κB activity by impairing the NF-κB-suppressive action of microRNAs, and suggest that dysregulation of the microRNA machinery components may also be involved in pathogenesis in various human diseases.^[7] Such as miRNA-140 which acts as a liver tumor suppressor, and due to a deficiency of DDX20, miRNA-140 function gets impair, this subsequent functional impairment of miRNAs could lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. Similarly,^[8] DDX20 may promote the progression of Prostate cancer (PCa) through the NF-κB pathway.^[9] In a clinical based study it has been observed that positive DP103/NF-κB feedback loop promotes constitutive NF-κB activation in invasive breast cancers and activation of this pathway is linked to cancer progression and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. It makes DP103 has potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.^[10]

Interactions

DDX20 has been shown to interact with:

• EIF2C2,^[11][12]
• GEMIN4,^[11][13][14]
• GEMIN5,^[11][15]
• LSM2,^[16]
• SMN1,^{[11][13][16][17]}
• SNRPB,^[16]
• SNRPD3^[16] and
• SNRPG,^[16]
• SNRPD1,^[16]
• SNRPD2,^[16]
• SNRPE,^[16]
• SNRPF,^[16] and
• SIP1.^[11][16]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000064703 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027905 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Grundhoff AT, Kremmer E, Türeci O, Glieden A, Gindorf C, Atz J, et al. (July 1999). "Characterization of DP103, a novel DEAD box protein that binds to the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins EBNA2 and EBNA3C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (27): 19136–19144. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.27.19136. PMID 10383418.
6. "Entrez Gene: DDX20 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 20".
7. Takata A, Otsuka M, Yoshikawa T, Kishikawa T, Kudo Y, Goto T, et al. (April 2012). "A miRNA machinery component DDX20 controls NF-κB via microRNA-140 function". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 420 (3): 564–569. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.034. PMID 22445758.
8. Takata A, Otsuka M, Yoshikawa T, Kishikawa T, Hikiba Y, Obi S, et al. (January 2013). "MicroRNA-140 acts as a liver tumor suppressor by controlling NF-κB activity by directly targeting DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) expression". Hepatology. 57 (1): 162–170. doi:10.1002/hep.26011. PMC 3521841. PMID 22898998.
9. Chen W, Zhou P, Li X (June 2016). "High expression of DDX20 enhances the proliferation and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells through the NF-κB pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 37 (6): 1551–1557. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2575. PMC 4866965. PMID 27121695.
10. Shin EM, Hay HS, Lee MH, Goh JN, Tan TZ, Sen YP, et al. (September 2014). "DEAD-box helicase DP103 defines metastatic potential of human breast cancers". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 124 (9): 3807–3824. doi:10.1172/JCI73451. PMC 4151228. PMID 25083991.
11. Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, Sharma A, Charroux B, Abel L, et al. (March 2002). "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs". Genes & Development. 16 (6): 720–728. doi:10.1101/gad.974702. PMC 155365. PMID 11914277.
12. Nelson PT, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Mourelatos Z (March 2004). "miRNP:mRNA association in polyribosomes in a human neuronal cell line". RNA. 10 (3): 387–394. doi:10.1261/rna.5181104. PMC 1370934. PMID 14970384.
13. Carnegie GK, Sleeman JE, Morrice N, Hastie CJ, Peggie MW, Philp A, et al. (May 2003). "Protein phosphatase 4 interacts with the Survival of Motor Neurons complex and enhances the temporal localisation of snRNPs". Journal of Cell Science. 116 (Pt 10): 1905–1913. doi:10.1242/jcs.00409. PMID 12668731.
14. Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Yong J, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (March 2000). "Gemin4. A novel component of the SMN complex that is found in both gems and nucleoli". The Journal of Cell Biology. 148 (6): 1177–1186. doi:10.1083/jcb.148.6.1177. PMC 2174312. PMID 10725331.
15. Gubitz AK, Mourelatos Z, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (February 2002). "Gemin5, a novel WD repeat protein component of the SMN complex that binds Sm proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 5631–5636. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109448200. PMID 11714716.
16. Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (December 1999). "Gemin3: A novel DEAD box protein that interacts with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and is a component of gems". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (6): 1181–1194. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.6.1181. PMC 2168095. PMID 10601333.
17. Meister G, Bühler D, Laggerbauer B, Zobawa M, Lottspeich F, Fischer U (August 2000). "Characterization of a nuclear 20S complex containing the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein and a specific subset of spliceosomal Sm proteins". Human Molecular Genetics. 9 (13): 1977–1986. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.13.1977. PMID 10942426.

Further reading

• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (April 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–113. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, et al. (April 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–358. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (December 1999). "Gemin3: A novel DEAD box protein that interacts with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and is a component of gems". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (6): 1181–1194. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.6.1181. PMC 2168095. PMID 10601333.
• Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Yong J, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (March 2000). "Gemin4. A novel component of the SMN complex that is found in both gems and nucleoli". The Journal of Cell Biology. 148 (6): 1177–1186. doi:10.1083/jcb.148.6.1177. PMC 2174312. PMID 10725331.
• Meister G, Bühler D, Laggerbauer B, Zobawa M, Lottspeich F, Fischer U (August 2000). "Characterization of a nuclear 20S complex containing the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein and a specific subset of spliceosomal Sm proteins". Human Molecular Genetics. 9 (13): 1977–1986. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.13.1977. PMID 10942426.
• Pellizzoni L, Charroux B, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (January 2001). "A functional interaction between the survival motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase II". The Journal of Cell Biology. 152 (1): 75–85. doi:10.1083/jcb.152.1.75. PMC 2193649. PMID 11149922.
• Friesen WJ, Paushkin S, Wyce A, Massenet S, Pesiridis GS, Van Duyne G, et al. (December 2001). "The methylosome, a 20S complex containing JBP1 and pICln, produces dimethylarginine-modified Sm proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (24): 8289–8300. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.24.8289-8300.2001. PMC 99994. PMID 11713266.
• Gubitz AK, Mourelatos Z, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (February 2002). "Gemin5, a novel WD repeat protein component of the SMN complex that binds Sm proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 5631–5636. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109448200. PMID 11714716.
• Pellizzoni L, Baccon J, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (March 2002). "Purification of native survival of motor neurons complexes and identification of Gemin6 as a novel component". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (9): 7540–7545. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110141200. PMID 11748230.
• Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, Sharma A, Charroux B, Abel L, et al. (March 2002). "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs". Genes & Development. 16 (6): 720–728. doi:10.1101/gad.974702. PMC 155365. PMID 11914277.
• Klappacher GW, Lunyak VV, Sykes DB, Sawka-Verhelle D, Sage J, Brard G, et al. (April 2002). "An induced Ets repressor complex regulates growth arrest during terminal macrophage differentiation". Cell. 109 (2): 169–180. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00714-6. PMID 12007404. S2CID 16359491.
• Baccon J, Pellizzoni L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (August 2002). "Identification and characterization of Gemin7, a novel component of the survival of motor neuron complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (35): 31957–31962. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203478200. PMID 12065586.
• Narayanan U, Ospina JK, Frey MR, Hebert MD, Matera AG (July 2002). "SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein, forms a pre-import snRNP complex with snurportin1 and importin beta". Human Molecular Genetics. 11 (15): 1785–1795. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.15.1785. PMC 1630493. PMID 12095920.
• Carnegie GK, Sleeman JE, Morrice N, Hastie CJ, Peggie MW, Philp A, et al. (May 2003). "Protein phosphatase 4 interacts with the Survival of Motor Neurons complex and enhances the temporal localisation of snRNPs". Journal of Cell Science. 116 (Pt 10): 1905–1913. doi:10.1242/jcs.00409. PMID 12668731.
• Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE, Counsell D, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM (January 2004). "Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region". Genomics. 83 (1): 153–167. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0. PMID 14667819.
• Nelson PT, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Mourelatos Z (March 2004). "miRNP:mRNA association in polyribosomes in a human neuronal cell line". RNA. 10 (3): 387–394. doi:10.1261/rna.5181104. PMC 1370934. PMID 14970384.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, et al. (August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12130–12135. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.