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Cyclades

January 01, 1970

For the computer network, see CYCLADES.
"Cyclodes" redirects here. For the genus of moth, see Cyclodes (moth).

The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos, however the most populated is Syros.

Cyclades
Νομός Κυκλάδων
Former prefecture
Location of Cyclades in Greece
Location of municipalities within Cyclades Prefecture
CountryGreece
PeripherySouth Aegean
Established1833
Disestablished2010
CapitalErmoupoli
Subdivisions
List
Area
 • Total2,572 km2 (993 sq mi)
 • Rank23rd
Population
 (2005)
 • Total119,549
 • Rank29th
 • Density46/km2 (120/sq mi)
  • Rank34th
Postal codes
84x xx
Area codes228x0
ISO 3166 codeGR-82
Vehicle registrationΕΜ

History edit

Main article: History of the Cyclades
 
Harp player, example of Cycladic art, at the National Archeological Museum, Athens

The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic, flat sculptures carved out of the islands' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age Minoan civilization arose in Crete to the south. (These figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.)

A distinctive Neolithic culture amalgamating Anatolian and mainland Greek elements arose in the western Aegean before 4000 BCE, based on emmer and wild-type barley, sheep and goats, pigs, and tuna that were apparently speared from small boats (Rutter). Excavated sites include Chalandriani, Phylakopi, Skarkos, Saliagos and Kephala (on Kea) with signs of copperworking, Each of the small Cycladic islands could support no more than a few thousand people, though Late Cycladic boat models show that fifty oarsmen could be assembled from the scattered communities (Rutter), and when the highly organized palace-culture of Crete arose, the islands faded into insignificance, with the exception of Delos, which retained its archaic reputation as a sanctuary throughout antiquity and until the emergence of Christianity.

Archaeology edit

 
Ancient theatre, Delos

The first archaeological excavations of the 1880s, undertaken by antiquaries such as Theodore Bent at Antiparos in early 1884,[1] were followed by systematic work by the British School at Athens and by Christos Tsountas, who investigated burial sites on several islands in 1898–1899 and coined the term "Cycladic civilization". Interest lagged, and then picked up in the mid-20th century, as collectors competed for the modern-looking figures that seemed so similar to sculpture by Jean Arp or Constantin Brâncuși. Sites were looted and a brisk trade in forgeries arose. The context for many of these Cycladic figurines has been mostly destroyed and their meaning may never be completely understood.

Another intriguing and mysterious object is that of the Cycladic frying pans. More accurate archaeology has revealed the broad outlines of a farming and seafaring culture that had emigrated from Anatolia c. 5000 BCE. Early Cycladic culture evolved in three phases, between c. 3300 – 2000 BCE, when it was increasingly swamped in the rising influence of Minoan Crete. The culture of mainland Greece contemporary with Cycladic culture is known as the Helladic period.

In recent decades the Cyclades have become popular with European and other tourists, and as a result there have been problems with erosion, pollution, and water shortages.

Geography edit

 
The Cyclades encircle the sacred island of Delos

The Cyclades includes about 220 islands, the major ones being Amorgos, Anafi, Andros, Antiparos, Delos, Ios, Kea, Kimolos, Kythnos, Milos, Mykonos, Naxos, Paros, Folegandros, Serifos, Sifnos, Sikinos, Syros, Tinos, and Thira or Santoríni. There are also many minor islands (the Lesser Cyclades) including Donousa, Eschati, Gyaros, Irakleia, Koufonisia, Makronisos, Rineia, and Schoinousa. The name "Cyclades" refers to the islands forming a circle ("circular islands") around the sacred island of Delos. Most of the smaller islands are uninhabited.

Ermoupoli on Syros is the chief town and administrative center of the former prefecture.

The islands are peaks of a submerged mountainous terrain, with the exception of two volcanic islands, Milos and Santorini. The climate is generally dry and mild, but with the exception of Naxos, the soil is not very fertile; agricultural produce includes wine, fruit, wheat, olive oil, and tobacco. Lower temperatures are registered in higher elevations and these areas do not usually see wintry weather.

The Cyclades are bounded to the south by the Sea of Crete.[2]

Administration edit

The Cyclades Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Κυκλάδων) was one of the prefectures of Greece. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the prefecture was abolished, and its territory was divided into nine regional units of the South Aegean region:

Municipalities and communities edit

The prefecture was subdivided into the following municipalities and communities. These have been reorganised at the 2011 Kallikratis reform as well.

Municipality YPES code Seat (if different) Postal code Area code
Amorgos 3101 840 08 22850-2
Andros (town) 3103 845 00 22820-2
Ano Syros 3105 841 00 22810-8
Drymalia 3107 Chalkeio Naxou 843 02 22850
Ermoupoli 3109 841 00 22810-2
Exomvourgo 3108 Kampos 842 00 22850-5
Ios 3112 840 01 22860-9
Kea 3113 Ioulis 840 02 22880-2
Korthio 3115 Ormos Korthiou 845 02 22820-6
Kythnos 3117 840 06 22810-3
Milos 3118 848 00 22870-2
Mykonos 3119 846 00 22890-2
Naxos 3120 843 00 22850-2
Paros 3123 844 00 22840-2
Poseidonia 3124 841 00 22810-4
Santorini 3111 847 00 22860-2
Serifos 3125 840 02 22810-5
Sifnos 3127 840 03 22840-3
Tinos 3129 842 00 22830-2
Ydrousa 3130 Gavrio 845 01 22820-7
Community YPES code Seat (if different) Postal code Area code
Anafi 3102 840 09 22860-6
Antiparos 3104 840 07 22840-6
Donousa 3106 843 00 22850-5
Folegandros 3131 840 11 22860
Irakleia 3110 843 00 22870-7
Kimolos 3114 840 04 22870-5
Koufonisia 3116 843 00 22870-7
Oia 3121 847 02 22860-7
Panormos 3122 842 01 22830-3
Schoinousa 3128 843 00 22870-7
Sikinos 3126 840 10 22860-5

Provinces edit

  • Province of Amorgos: Amorgos
  • Province of Andros: Andros
  • Province of Kea: Ioulis
  • Province of Milos: Milos
  • Province of Naxos: Naxos
  • Province of Paros: Paroikia
  • Province of Syros: Ermoupoli
  • Province of Tinos: Tinos
  • Province of Thira: Thira

Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

Cuisine edit

Local specialities of the Cyclades include:

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Theodore Bent, ‘Researches among the Cyclades’. 1884, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 5, 42-59.
  2. ^ Saundry, Peter; Hogan, C. Michael; Baum, Steve (2011). "Sea of Crete". In Pidwirny, M.; Cleveland, C. J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and Environment.

References edit

  • MacGillivray, J. A.; Barber, R. L. N., eds. (1984). The Prehistoric Cyclades. Edinburgh.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Barber, R. L. N. (1987). The Cyclades in the Bronze Age. Iowa City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links edit

  • Jeremy B. Rutter, "The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean": especially Lessons 2 and 4: chronology, history, bibliography
  • Cyclades The Official website of the Greek National Tourism Organisation

37°00′N 25°10′E / 37.000°N 25.167°E / 37.000; 25.167

January 01, 1970
cyclades, computer, network, cyclades, cyclodes, redirects, here, genus, moth, cyclodes, moth, greek, Κυκλάδες, romanized, kykládes, ciˈkla, ðes, island, group, aegean, southeast, mainland, greece, former, administrative, prefecture, greece, they, island, grou. For the computer network see CYCLADES Cyclodes redirects here For the genus of moth see Cyclodes moth The Cyclades ˈ s ɪ k l e d iː z Greek Kyklades romanized Kyklades IPA ciˈkla des are an island group in the Aegean Sea southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago The name Kyklades nhsoi Kyklades nisoi encircling islands refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos however the most populated is Syros Cyclades Nomos KykladwnFormer prefectureLocation of Cyclades in GreeceLocation of municipalities within Cyclades PrefectureCountryGreecePeripherySouth AegeanEstablished1833Disestablished2010CapitalErmoupoliSubdivisionsList 9 provinces20 municipalities11 communitiesArea Total2 572 km2 993 sq mi Rank23rdPopulation 2005 Total119 549 Rank29th Density46 km2 120 sq mi Rank34thPostal codes84x xxArea codes228x0ISO 3166 codeGR 82Vehicle registrationEM Contents 1 History 1 1 Archaeology 2 Geography 3 Administration 3 1 Municipalities and communities 3 2 Provinces 4 Cuisine 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksHistory editMain article History of the Cyclades nbsp Harp player example of Cycladic art at the National Archeological Museum Athens The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat sculptures carved out of the islands pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age Minoan civilization arose in Crete to the south These figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century A distinctive Neolithic culture amalgamating Anatolian and mainland Greek elements arose in the western Aegean before 4000 BCE based on emmer and wild type barley sheep and goats pigs and tuna that were apparently speared from small boats Rutter Excavated sites include Chalandriani Phylakopi Skarkos Saliagos and Kephala on Kea with signs of copperworking Each of the small Cycladic islands could support no more than a few thousand people though Late Cycladic boat models show that fifty oarsmen could be assembled from the scattered communities Rutter and when the highly organized palace culture of Crete arose the islands faded into insignificance with the exception of Delos which retained its archaic reputation as a sanctuary throughout antiquity and until the emergence of Christianity Archaeology edit nbsp Ancient theatre Delos The first archaeological excavations of the 1880s undertaken by antiquaries such as Theodore Bent at Antiparos in early 1884 1 were followed by systematic work by the British School at Athens and by Christos Tsountas who investigated burial sites on several islands in 1898 1899 and coined the term Cycladic civilization Interest lagged and then picked up in the mid 20th century as collectors competed for the modern looking figures that seemed so similar to sculpture by Jean Arp or Constantin Brancuși Sites were looted and a brisk trade in forgeries arose The context for many of these Cycladic figurines has been mostly destroyed and their meaning may never be completely understood Another intriguing and mysterious object is that of the Cycladic frying pans More accurate archaeology has revealed the broad outlines of a farming and seafaring culture that had emigrated from Anatolia c 5000 BCE Early Cycladic culture evolved in three phases between c 3300 2000 BCE when it was increasingly swamped in the rising influence of Minoan Crete The culture of mainland Greece contemporary with Cycladic culture is known as the Helladic period In recent decades the Cyclades have become popular with European and other tourists and as a result there have been problems with erosion pollution and water shortages Geography edit nbsp The Cyclades encircle the sacred island of Delos nbsp Ermoupoli capital of the Cyclades Syros nbsp Santorini nbsp Mykonos nbsp Naxos nbsp Folegandros nbsp Milos nbsp Irakleia nbsp Rineia nbsp Koufonisi nbsp Traditional vraka breeches in the dress of the Aegean islands The Cyclades includes about 220 islands the major ones being Amorgos Anafi Andros Antiparos Delos Ios Kea Kimolos Kythnos Milos Mykonos Naxos Paros Folegandros Serifos Sifnos Sikinos Syros Tinos and Thira or Santorini There are also many minor islands the Lesser Cyclades including Donousa Eschati Gyaros Irakleia Koufonisia Makronisos Rineia and Schoinousa The name Cyclades refers to the islands forming a circle circular islands around the sacred island of Delos Most of the smaller islands are uninhabited Ermoupoli on Syros is the chief town and administrative center of the former prefecture The islands are peaks of a submerged mountainous terrain with the exception of two volcanic islands Milos and Santorini The climate is generally dry and mild but with the exception of Naxos the soil is not very fertile agricultural produce includes wine fruit wheat olive oil and tobacco Lower temperatures are registered in higher elevations and these areas do not usually see wintry weather The Cyclades are bounded to the south by the Sea of Crete 2 Administration editThe Cyclades Prefecture Greek Nomos Kykladwn was one of the prefectures of Greece As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform the prefecture was abolished and its territory was divided into nine regional units of the South Aegean region Andros Kea Kythnos Milos Mykonos Naxos Paros Thira Syros Tinos Municipalities and communities edit The prefecture was subdivided into the following municipalities and communities These have been reorganised at the 2011 Kallikratis reform as well Municipality YPES code Seat if different Postal code Area code Amorgos 3101 840 08 22850 2 Andros town 3103 845 00 22820 2 Ano Syros 3105 841 00 22810 8 Drymalia 3107 Chalkeio Naxou 843 02 22850 Ermoupoli 3109 841 00 22810 2 Exomvourgo 3108 Kampos 842 00 22850 5 Ios 3112 840 01 22860 9 Kea 3113 Ioulis 840 02 22880 2 Korthio 3115 Ormos Korthiou 845 02 22820 6 Kythnos 3117 840 06 22810 3 Milos 3118 848 00 22870 2 Mykonos 3119 846 00 22890 2 Naxos 3120 843 00 22850 2 Paros 3123 844 00 22840 2 Poseidonia 3124 841 00 22810 4 Santorini 3111 847 00 22860 2 Serifos 3125 840 02 22810 5 Sifnos 3127 840 03 22840 3 Tinos 3129 842 00 22830 2 Ydrousa 3130 Gavrio 845 01 22820 7 Community YPES code Seat if different Postal code Area code Anafi 3102 840 09 22860 6 Antiparos 3104 840 07 22840 6 Donousa 3106 843 00 22850 5 Folegandros 3131 840 11 22860 Irakleia 3110 843 00 22870 7 Kimolos 3114 840 04 22870 5 Koufonisia 3116 843 00 22870 7 Oia 3121 847 02 22860 7 Panormos 3122 842 01 22830 3 Schoinousa 3128 843 00 22870 7 Sikinos 3126 840 10 22860 5 Provinces edit Province of Amorgos Amorgos Province of Andros Andros Province of Kea Ioulis Province of Milos Milos Province of Naxos Naxos Province of Paros Paroikia Province of Syros Ermoupoli Province of Tinos Tinos Province of Thira Thira Note Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece Cuisine editLocal specialities of the Cyclades include Brantada cod fillet fish dish Fava Santorinis made from Lathyrus clymenum Fourtalia Andros omelette Kakavia soup Matsata pasta Kalasouna Naxos Kalogeros Naxos Tomatokeftedes Various cheeses such as Kopanisti Mykonou Manoura Sifnou Armexia Malaxia Chloro San Michali etc Loutza similar to the Cypriot lountza Strapatsada Koskosela Sfougato omelette Lazarakia dessert Melitinia dessert Melopita dessert Santorini wine See also editAegean cat List of islands of Greece Minoan eruption Mosaics of Delos Nisiotika music Santorini wineNotes edit Theodore Bent Researches among the Cyclades 1884 The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol 5 42 59 Saundry Peter Hogan C Michael Baum Steve 2011 Sea of Crete In Pidwirny M Cleveland C J eds Encyclopedia of Earth Washington DC National Council for Science and Environment References editMacGillivray J A Barber R L N eds 1984 The Prehistoric Cyclades Edinburgh a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Barber R L N 1987 The Cyclades in the Bronze Age Iowa City a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link External links editCyclades at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity nbsp Travel information from Wikivoyage Jeremy B Rutter The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean especially Lessons 2 and 4 chronology history bibliography Cyclades The Official website of the Greek National Tourism Organisation 37 00 N 25 10 E 37 000 N 25 167 E 37 000 25 167 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyclades amp oldid 1185390255, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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