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Cutteslowe

January 01, 1970

Cutteslowe is a suburb in the North of Oxford, England, between Sunnymead and Water Eaton.

Cutteslowe
Turnpike Cottage, 566 Banbury Road
Cutteslowe
Location within Oxfordshire
OS grid referenceSP5010
Civil parish
  • unparished
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townOxford
Postcode districtOX2
Dialling code01865
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteCutteslowe Community Association
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire
51°47′24″N 1°16′01″W / 51.790°N 1.267°W / 51.790; -1.267

Archaeology and toponym edit

The toponym "Cutteslowe" is derived from Old English. The earliest known record of it is from AD 1004 as Cuðues hlaye, which seems to be a mis-spelling of Cuðues hlawe. A hlāw is a burial mound, in this case for someone called Cūþen or Cūþwine. The village of Cuddesdon, about 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Cutteslowe, is also named after someone called Cūþwine.[1] It is not clear whether the two toponyms refer to the same Cūþwine.

The Domesday Book of 1086 records Cutteslowe as Codeslam or Codeslaue. Later mediaeval spellings include Cudeslawe, Codeslowe, Kodeslawe, Codeslawe, Cudeslawia, Cudeslowe, Cudeslauya, Cuddeslawe, Culdeslauia and Coteslowe. In 1797 it was recorded as Cutslow or Old Cutslow.[1]

The burial mound was prehistoric, and was razed in the 13th century after two people were found murdered in the hollow below it. An assize roll records that in 1261 a jury of Wootton hundred court "testify that evil doers are wont to lurk in the hollow of the how, and that many robberies and homicides have been committed there. Therefore the sheriff was commanded to level the how."[1]

Manor edit

By 1004 St Frideswide's Minster in Oxford held two hides of land at Cutteslowe.[2] St Frideswide's became an Augustinian Priory, which continued to hold Cutteslowe until it was suppressed in 1525.[2] It then passed to Thomas Wolsey's Cardinal's College until Wolsey's downfall and attainder in 1529.[2] Cardinal's College became King Henry VIII's College until 1545.[2]

Cutteslowe changed hands three times before it was bought in about 1588 by William Lenthall, grandfather of the William Lenthall who was Speaker of the Long Parliament.[2] Between 1611 and 1625 John Lenthall sold Cutteslowe to Sir John Walter of Sarsden near Churchill, Oxfordshire.[2] Most of the estate was sold by a later Sir John Walter in 1703, and by 1737 had been acquired by Christ Church, Oxford.[2] Sir John sold about 22 acres (9 ha) to Dr Robert South who used it to endow his school at Islip, Oxfordshire.[2]

Sir John sold most of what remained in 1710 to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, in whose family it remained until 1811, when George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough sold or exchanged his part to Francis Gregory.[2] In 1918 Gregory's granddaughters sold Cutteslowe to the Soden family.[2] The Sodens sold some of the land for development in 1931 and the remainder to Oxford City Council in 1936, which turned it into Cutteslowe Park.[2]

Turnpike edit

The main road between Oxford and Banbury passes through Cutteslowe. It was turnpiked in the 18th century and disturnpiked in the 19th century.

Cutteslowe Park edit

 
Mural in pedestrian subway under the A40 Elsfield Way

North of the A40 Elsfield Way is Cutteslowe Park, which was made a public park in 1936.

Cutteslowe Walls edit

 
An Oxfordshire blue plaque marks the site of the former Cutteslowe Walls at the junction of Wentworth and Aldrich roads

Between 1934 and 1959 the Cutteslowe Walls excluded the council house tenants of the Cutteslowe Estate from an estate of private houses between them and Banbury Road. A private developer, Clive Saxton’s Urban Housing Company, built the private houses.[3] The northern wall divided Wolsey Road from Carlton Road, the southern Aldrich Road from Wentworth Road.[4][5] The walls were 9 ft (2.7 m) high and topped with spikes.[3]

Soon after the Cuttleslowe Walls were built, a campaign was started to have them demolished, led by Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) activist Abraham Lazarus. Lazarus, who often went by the pseudonym "Bill Firestone",[6] was already well known in the city of Oxford for having organised a rent strike on the Florence Park housing estate in Cowley, and chairing the 1934 Oxford Pressed Steel Company strike committee.[4] On 11 May 1935, the Oxford branch of the CPGB and Lazarus gathered a crowd of over 2,000 people to call for the demolition of the Cuttleslowe Walls,[7] and approached the wall wielding pickaxes.[8] However, Oxford City Police intercepted the march and defended the walls.[8]

During the Second World War, a tank whose crew was trying to return from Banbury Road to its base on Elsfield Way took a wrong turn and demolished one of the walls rather than turn back. The wall was rebuilt, but after escalating public protests and several unofficial attempts, the walls were eventually officially demolished after the council bought the land the walls stood on for £1,000.[3][5]

A small fragment of the Aldrich Road wall existed in a private garden in Wentworth Road until the 1980s. A blue plaque was erected by the Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board close to the site of the southern wall in 2006.[4][5][9] Part of the wall was later taken to Oxford Town Hall where it is currently on display inside the Museum of Oxford's dedicated Cutteslowe Wall exhibit.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Gelling 1954, p. 267.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Crossley & Elrington 1990, pp. 313–314
  3. ^ a b c Herring, Naomi (6 September 2018). "Cutteslowe Walls: How two estates were divided by class". Oxford Mail.
  4. ^ a b c Lisle, Nicola (9 March 2009). "And the walls came tumbling down". The Oxford Times. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Spokes Symonds, Ann (13 November 2014). "Local History: The Cutteslowe Walls". BBC Oxford. BBC.
  6. ^ Collison 1963, pp. 60–62.
  7. ^ A long climb beyond dreaming monuments. Oxford: Communist Party of Great Britain. 1939.
  8. ^ a b c Meddick 2020, p. 121
  9. ^ "Cutteslowe Walls (1934–1959)". Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme. Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cutteslowe.
  • Cutteslowe Community Association
  • Map of Cutteslowe at Google Maps
  • . Pennine Productions (Archive) LLP. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2009.

January 01, 1970
cutteslowe, suburb, north, oxford, england, between, sunnymead, water, eaton, turnpike, cottage, banbury, roadlocation, within, oxfordshireos, grid, referencesp5010civil, parishunparisheddistrictoxfordshire, countyoxfordshireregionsouth, eastcountryenglandsove. Cutteslowe is a suburb in the North of Oxford England between Sunnymead and Water Eaton CuttesloweTurnpike Cottage 566 Banbury RoadCuttesloweLocation within OxfordshireOS grid referenceSP5010Civil parishunparishedDistrictOxfordShire countyOxfordshireRegionSouth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townOxfordPostcode districtOX2Dialling code01865PoliceThames ValleyFireOxfordshireAmbulanceSouth CentralUK ParliamentOxford West and AbingdonWebsiteCutteslowe Community AssociationList of places UK England Oxfordshire 51 47 24 N 1 16 01 W 51 790 N 1 267 W 51 790 1 267 Contents 1 Archaeology and toponym 2 Manor 3 Turnpike 4 Cutteslowe Park 5 Cutteslowe Walls 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksArchaeology and toponym editThe toponym Cutteslowe is derived from Old English The earliest known record of it is from AD 1004 as Cudues hlaye which seems to be a mis spelling of Cudues hlawe A hlaw is a burial mound in this case for someone called Cuthen or Cuthwine The village of Cuddesdon about 9 miles 14 km southeast of Cutteslowe is also named after someone called Cuthwine 1 It is not clear whether the two toponyms refer to the same Cuthwine The Domesday Book of 1086 records Cutteslowe as Codeslam or Codeslaue Later mediaeval spellings include Cudeslawe Codeslowe Kodeslawe Codeslawe Cudeslawia Cudeslowe Cudeslauya Cuddeslawe Culdeslauia and Coteslowe In 1797 it was recorded as Cutslow or Old Cutslow 1 The burial mound was prehistoric and was razed in the 13th century after two people were found murdered in the hollow below it An assize roll records that in 1261 a jury of Wootton hundred court testify that evil doers are wont to lurk in the hollow of the how and that many robberies and homicides have been committed there Therefore the sheriff was commanded to level the how 1 Manor editBy 1004 St Frideswide s Minster in Oxford held two hides of land at Cutteslowe 2 St Frideswide s became an Augustinian Priory which continued to hold Cutteslowe until it was suppressed in 1525 2 It then passed to Thomas Wolsey s Cardinal s College until Wolsey s downfall and attainder in 1529 2 Cardinal s College became King Henry VIII s College until 1545 2 Cutteslowe changed hands three times before it was bought in about 1588 by William Lenthall grandfather of the William Lenthall who was Speaker of the Long Parliament 2 Between 1611 and 1625 John Lenthall sold Cutteslowe to Sir John Walter of Sarsden near Churchill Oxfordshire 2 Most of the estate was sold by a later Sir John Walter in 1703 and by 1737 had been acquired by Christ Church Oxford 2 Sir John sold about 22 acres 9 ha to Dr Robert South who used it to endow his school at Islip Oxfordshire 2 Sir John sold most of what remained in 1710 to John Churchill 1st Duke of Marlborough in whose family it remained until 1811 when George Spencer Churchill 6th Duke of Marlborough sold or exchanged his part to Francis Gregory 2 In 1918 Gregory s granddaughters sold Cutteslowe to the Soden family 2 The Sodens sold some of the land for development in 1931 and the remainder to Oxford City Council in 1936 which turned it into Cutteslowe Park 2 Turnpike editThe main road between Oxford and Banbury passes through Cutteslowe It was turnpiked in the 18th century and disturnpiked in the 19th century Cutteslowe Park edit nbsp Mural in pedestrian subway under the A40 Elsfield Way North of the A40 Elsfield Way is Cutteslowe Park which was made a public park in 1936 Cutteslowe Walls edit nbsp An Oxfordshire blue plaque marks the site of the former Cutteslowe Walls at the junction of Wentworth and Aldrich roads Between 1934 and 1959 the Cutteslowe Walls excluded the council house tenants of the Cutteslowe Estate from an estate of private houses between them and Banbury Road A private developer Clive Saxton s Urban Housing Company built the private houses 3 The northern wall divided Wolsey Road from Carlton Road the southern Aldrich Road from Wentworth Road 4 5 The walls were 9 ft 2 7 m high and topped with spikes 3 Soon after the Cuttleslowe Walls were built a campaign was started to have them demolished led by Communist Party of Great Britain CPGB activist Abraham Lazarus Lazarus who often went by the pseudonym Bill Firestone 6 was already well known in the city of Oxford for having organised a rent strike on the Florence Park housing estate in Cowley and chairing the 1934 Oxford Pressed Steel Company strike committee 4 On 11 May 1935 the Oxford branch of the CPGB and Lazarus gathered a crowd of over 2 000 people to call for the demolition of the Cuttleslowe Walls 7 and approached the wall wielding pickaxes 8 However Oxford City Police intercepted the march and defended the walls 8 During the Second World War a tank whose crew was trying to return from Banbury Road to its base on Elsfield Way took a wrong turn and demolished one of the walls rather than turn back The wall was rebuilt but after escalating public protests and several unofficial attempts the walls were eventually officially demolished after the council bought the land the walls stood on for 1 000 3 5 A small fragment of the Aldrich Road wall existed in a private garden in Wentworth Road until the 1980s A blue plaque was erected by the Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board close to the site of the southern wall in 2006 4 5 9 Part of the wall was later taken to Oxford Town Hall where it is currently on display inside the Museum of Oxford s dedicated Cutteslowe Wall exhibit 8 References edit a b c Gelling 1954 p 267 a b c d e f g h i j k Crossley amp Elrington 1990 pp 313 314 a b c Herring Naomi 6 September 2018 Cutteslowe Walls How two estates were divided by class Oxford Mail a b c Lisle Nicola 9 March 2009 And the walls came tumbling down The Oxford Times Retrieved 8 February 2021 a b c Spokes Symonds Ann 13 November 2014 Local History The Cutteslowe Walls BBC Oxford BBC Collison 1963 pp 60 62 A long climb beyond dreaming monuments Oxford Communist Party of Great Britain 1939 a b c Meddick 2020 p 121 Cutteslowe Walls 1934 1959 Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board Bibliography editCollison P 1963 The Cutteslowe Walls A Study in Social Class London Faber and Faber ISBN 0 571 05380 7 Crossley Alan Elrington CR eds 1990 Wolvercote Manors and other estates A History of the County of Oxford Victoria County History Vol 12 Wootton Hundred South including Woodstock London Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research pp 313 314 ISBN 978 0 19722 774 9 Gelling Margaret 1954 Smith AH ed The Place Names of Oxfordshire Part II Vol XXIV based on material collected by Doris Mary Stenton Cambridge Cambridge University Press for the English Place Name Society Meddick Simon 2020 Red Lives Communists and the Struggle for Socialism Manifesto Press Cooperative Limited p 121 ISBN 978 1 907464 45 4 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cutteslowe Cutteslowe Community Association Map of Cutteslowe at Google Maps Pennine Productions details of The Cutteslowe Walls Pennine Productions Archive LLP Archived from the original on 9 July 2011 Retrieved 11 November 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cutteslowe amp oldid 1211195162, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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