Since Cuphocarpus is no longer an accepted genus, its species will be referred to herein by their names in Polyscias. Polyscias aculeata is the type species for Cuphocarpus. [4] It is now the sole species in Polyscias subgenus Cuphocarpus. Four other species, formerly in Cuphocarpus, are now in Polyscias subgenus Maralia.[3] All species that have ever been placed in Cuphocarpus are endemic to Madagascar.[5]
Polyscias inermis has been recognized by some authors, but others have regarded it as conspecific with Polyscias aculeata.[3]Polyscias aculeata (sensu lato) is indigenous to the coastal forest of eastern Madagascar. Polyscias briquetiana, Polyscias humbertiana, Polyscias leandriana, and Polyscias compacta (= Cuphocarpus commersonii) are montane species of the Madagascan interior. They were transferred from Cuphocarpus to Polyscias subgenus Maralia in 2010.[3]
The genus Cuphocarpus was erected by Decaisne and Planchon in 1854.[7][8] Quattrocchi writes that the name is "from the Greekkyphos "bent, curved, humped" and carpos "fruit"".[9]
Decaisne and Planchon named only one species, Cuphocarpus aculeatus (now Polyscias aculeata). Cuphocarpus inermis (now Polyscias inermis) was added by John Gilbert Baker in 1884.[10]Hermann Harms put both of these in Polyscias in 1898, but his treatment was not followed by others.[11]
In 1966, Luciano Bernardi described four new species in Cuphocarpus.[12] When these were transferred to Polyscias in 2010, Cuphocarpus commersonii was renamed as Polyscias compacta, because the name Polyscias commersonii already existed.[3] The latter is a synonym for Polyscias paniculata,[5] a Madagascan endemic in ''Polyscias'' subgenus Grotefendia. The four species described by Bernardi are now in ''Polyscias'' subgenus Maralia.
In 2003, Frodin and Govaerts stated that Cuphocarpus "is seen as biphyletic".[5] It was confirmed to be so in 2010 in a molecular phylogeneticstudy of nuclear and chloroplastDNA.[2]Polyscias aculeata (including Polyscias inermis) was resolved as sister to ''Polyscias'' subgenus Sciadopanax, which consists of 13 species from Africa, Madagascar, and nearby islands. Polyscias aculeata was placed in its own subgenus, Polyscias subgenus Cuphocarpus. The four species described by Bernardi are now in ''Polyscias'' subgenus Maralia. This is the largest subgenus of Polyscias and will contain about 115 species, when all of the undescribed species are published.[3] Nearly all of them are restricted to Madagascar.
References
^David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN978-0-521-82071-4. (See External links below).
^ ab Gregory M. Plunkett and Porter P. Lowry II. 2010. "Paraphyly and polyphyly in Polyscias sensu lato: molecular evidence and the case for recircumscribing the "pinnate genera" of Araliaceae". Plant Diversity and Evolution (formerly Botanische Jahrbucher) 128(1-2):23-54. doi:10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0002.
^ abcdef Porter P. Lowry II and Gregory M. Plunkett. 2010. "Recircumscription of Polyscias (Araliaceae) to include six related genera, with a new infrageneric classification and a synopsis of species". Plant Diversity and Evolution (formerly Botanische Jahrbucher) 128(1-2):55-84. doi:10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0003. (See External links below).
^Cuphocarpus In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
^ abc David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN978-1-84246-048-1. (See External links below).
^ René Viguier. 1905. "Sur les Araliacées du groupe Polyscias". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 52():285-314. (See External links below).
^ Joseph Decaisne and Jules Émile Planchon. 1854. "Equisse d'une monographie des Araliacées". Revue Horticole; résumé de tout ce qui parait d'intérresant en jardinage [etc]. Paris. series 4. 3:109.
^Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN978-0-8493-2675-2 (vol. I). (see External links below).
^ John Gilbert Baker. 1884. page 350. In: "Further Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar". Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany. London. 21(135):317-353.
^ Hermann A.T. Harms. 1898. "Araliaceae". pages 1-62. In: H.G Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien III.Teil. 8. Abteilung. (volume 3, part 8). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.
^ Luciano Bernardi. 1966. Berichte. Schweizerische Botanische Gesellschaft 76():352-395.
External links
CuphocarpusIn Mabberley's Plant-Book
At Hawaii Barcoding At University of Hawaii at Hilo
CuphocarpusAt Index Nominum Genericorum At References At NMNH Department of Botany At Research and Collections At Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
AtAtAtAt Kew Gardens
Sur les Araliacées du groupe Polyscias, page 285 In: volume 52 (1905) Of:Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France
cuphocarpus, obsolete, genus, flowering, plants, family, araliaceae, mabberley, 2008, treated, synonym, polyscias, other, authors, still, recognized, that, time, 2010, phylogenetic, analysis, sequences, shown, that, biphyletic, embedded, large, genus, polyscia. Cuphocarpus is an obsolete genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae Mabberley 2008 treated it as a synonym of Polyscias 1 but other authors still recognized it at that time In 2010 in a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences it was shown that Cuphocarpus was biphyletic and embedded in the large genus Polyscias 2 In an accompanying paper Polyscias was divided into 11 subgenera with seven species left incertae sedis 3 Since Cuphocarpus is no longer an accepted genus its species will be referred to herein by their names in Polyscias Polyscias aculeata is the type species for Cuphocarpus 4 It is now the sole species in Polyscias subgenus Cuphocarpus Four other species formerly in Cuphocarpus are now in Polyscias subgenus Maralia 3 All species that have ever been placed in Cuphocarpus are endemic to Madagascar 5 Polyscias inermis has been recognized by some authors but others have regarded it as conspecific with Polyscias aculeata 3 Polyscias aculeata sensu lato is indigenous to the coastal forest of eastern Madagascar Polyscias briquetiana Polyscias humbertiana Polyscias leandriana and Polyscias compacta Cuphocarpus commersonii are montane species of the Madagascan interior They were transferred from Cuphocarpus to Polyscias subgenus Maralia in 2010 3 Recognizing six species Frodin and Govaerts 2003 described Cuphocarpus as shrubs or trees closely related to Polyscias but fruits 1 seeded these latter are moreover surmounted by the persistent calyptroid corolla Rene Viguier thought that they were sometimes parthenocarpous 6 History EditThe genus Cuphocarpus was erected by Decaisne and Planchon in 1854 7 8 Quattrocchi writes that the name is from the Greek kyphos bent curved humped and carpos fruit 9 Decaisne and Planchon named only one species Cuphocarpus aculeatus now Polyscias aculeata Cuphocarpus inermis now Polyscias inermis was added by John Gilbert Baker in 1884 10 Hermann Harms put both of these in Polyscias in 1898 but his treatment was not followed by others 11 In 1966 Luciano Bernardi described four new species in Cuphocarpus 12 When these were transferred to Polyscias in 2010 Cuphocarpus commersonii was renamed as Polyscias compacta because the name Polyscias commersonii already existed 3 The latter is a synonym for Polyscias paniculata 5 a Madagascan endemic in Polyscias subgenus Grotefendia The four species described by Bernardi are now in Polyscias subgenus Maralia In 2003 Frodin and Govaerts stated that Cuphocarpus is seen as biphyletic 5 It was confirmed to be so in 2010 in a molecular phylogenetic study of nuclear and chloroplast DNA 2 Polyscias aculeata including Polyscias inermis was resolved as sister to Polyscias subgenus Sciadopanax which consists of 13 species from Africa Madagascar and nearby islands Polyscias aculeata was placed in its own subgenus Polyscias subgenus Cuphocarpus The four species described by Bernardi are now in Polyscias subgenus Maralia This is the largest subgenus of Polyscias and will contain about 115 species when all of the undescribed species are published 3 Nearly all of them are restricted to Madagascar References Edit David J Mabberley 2008 Mabberley s Plant Book third edition 2008 Cambridge University Press UK ISBN 978 0 521 82071 4 See External links below a b Gregory M Plunkett and Porter P Lowry II 2010 Paraphyly and polyphyly in Polyscias sensu lato molecular evidence and the case for recircumscribing the pinnate genera of Araliaceae Plant Diversity and Evolution formerly Botanische Jahrbucher 128 1 2 23 54 doi 10 1127 1869 6155 2010 0128 0002 a b c d e f Porter P Lowry II and Gregory M Plunkett 2010 Recircumscription of Polyscias Araliaceae to include six related genera with a new infrageneric classification and a synopsis of species Plant Diversity and Evolution formerly Botanische Jahrbucher 128 1 2 55 84 doi 10 1127 1869 6155 2010 0128 0003 See External links below Cuphocarpus In Index Nominum Genericorum In Regnum Vegetabile see External links below a b c David G Frodin and Rafael Govaerts 2003 World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae Royal Botanic Gardens Kew ISBN 978 1 84246 048 1 See External links below Rene Viguier 1905 Sur les Araliacees du groupe Polyscias Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 52 285 314 See External links below Cuphocarpus in International Plant Names Index see External links below Joseph Decaisne and Jules Emile Planchon 1854 Equisse d une monographie des Araliacees Revue Horticole resume de tout ce qui parait d interresant en jardinage etc Paris series 4 3 109 Umberto Quattrocchi 2000 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I CRC Press Boca Raton New York Washington DC USA London UK ISBN 978 0 8493 2675 2 vol I see External links below John Gilbert Baker 1884 page 350 In Further Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar Journal of the Linnean Society Botany London 21 135 317 353 Hermann A T Harms 1898 Araliaceae pages 1 62 In H G Adolf Engler and Karl A E Prantl Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien III Teil 8 Abteilung volume 3 part 8 Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann Leipzig Germany Luciano Bernardi 1966 Berichte Schweizerische Botanische Gesellschaft 76 352 395 External links EditCuphocarpus In Mabberley s Plant Book Recircumscription of Polyscias by Lowry amp Plunkett 2010 At Hawaii Barcoding At University of Hawaii at Hilo Cuphocarpus At Index Nominum Genericorum At References At NMNH Department of Botany At Research and Collections At Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae At World Checklists At kewbooks At Scientific Publications At Kew Gardens Sur les Araliacees du groupe Polyscias page 285 In volume 52 1905 Of Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France Cuphocarpus At Plant Names At IPNI Cuphocarpus And Grotefendia And Palmervandenbroekia At Names At Tropicos At Science and Conservation At Missouri Botanical Garden CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names A C At Botany amp Plant Science At Life Science At CRC Press Cuphocarpus At List of Genera At Araliaceae At List of families At Families and Genera in GRIN Archived 2013 02 27 at the Wayback Machine At Queries At GRIN taxonomy for plants Polyscias aculeata At subgenus Cuphocarpus At Polyscias At Araliaceae At Apiineae At Apiales In Embryophyta At Streptophytina At Streptophyta At Viridiplantae At Eukaryota At Taxonomy At UniProt Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cuphocarpus amp oldid 1126466574, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
