The cryobot is a surface-controlled instrumented vehicle desired to penetrate polar ice sheets down to 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) by melting. If built, it would likely measure temperature, stress, ice movement, and seismic, acoustic and dielectric properties. Such concept could also be used for other investigations with remote instrumentation. The general concept uses a hot point for melt penetration, instrumentation for control and measurement functions, supply conductor coils to link the probe with the surface for transmission of power and measurement signals.
Historyedit
The cryobot was invented by German physicist Karl Philberth, who first demonstrated it in the 1960s as part of the International Glaciological Greenland Expedition (EGIG), achieving drilling depths in excess of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). In 1973 British scientists in Antarctica performed airborne ice-penetrating radar survey and detected a possible lake.[1] In 1991, the European remote sensing satellite ERS-1 confirmed the 1973 discovery of a large lake below four kilometers of ice, now named Lake Vostok.[2] The lake, which is the fifth largest freshwater lake in the world, is thought to be uncontaminated. In 2002 NASA was planning to use a cryobot to explore the lake,[3][4] but the project did not happen.
In 2011, NASA awarded Stone Aerospace $4 million to fund the Phase 2 of project VALKYRIE (Very-Deep Autonomous Laser-Powered Kilowatt-Class Yo-Yoing Robotic Ice Explorer).[5] This project aims to create an autonomous cryobot capable of melting through vast amounts of ice.[6] The probe's power source differs from many other designs in that it does not rely on nuclear power to generate heat, but rather the power of a high energy laser fed to it through a fiber optic cable.[7] This is beneficial because nuclear probes are not allowed for testing in Antarctica as a result of the Antarctic Treaty.[8] Phase 2 of project VALKYRIE consisted of testing a scaled-down version of the cryobot in Matanuska Glacier, Alaska in 2015.[9] Following the success of these missions, Phase 3 of the project is then used a full-scale version of the cryobot to melt its way to a subglacial lake, collect samples, and then resurface.[6][9] It featured a radar on the probe,[10][11] integrated to an intelligent algorithm for autonomous scientific sampling and navigation.[12] The test was performed in 2017 on a probe called "Archimedes".[10]
Stone Aerospace integrated their ARTEMIS submersible with the VALKYRIE laser technology to develop a sophisticated cryobot called SPINDLE (Sub-glacial Polar Ice Navigation, Descent, and Lake Exploration).[13][14] This third phase of the project would be viewed as a precursor to possible future missions to the icy moons of Europa, a moon of Jupiter, and Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, to explore the liquid water oceans thought to be present below their ice, and assess their potential habitability.[15][16][17]
^Oswald, G. K. A.; Robin, G. de Q. (1973). "Lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet". Nature. 245 (5423): 251–254. Bibcode:1973Natur.245..251O. doi:10.1038/245251a0. S2CID 4271414.
^Morton, Oliver. "Ice Station Vostok". Wired. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
^Susan Reichley. . nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
^Robot to Explore Buried Ice Lake September 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^VALKYRIE: Phase 2[dead link]. Astrobiology at NASA.
^ ab"Stone Aerospace - Smart Tools, Systems, and Vehicles for Exploring and Commercializing the Frontier". stoneaerospace.com. Archived from the original on 2013-02-03.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-09.
^"Cryobots Could Drill Into Icy Moons With Remote Fiber-Optic Laser Power". Wired. April 19, 2012.
^ abTunneling Cryobot Robot May Explore Icy Moons, Keith Cooper, Astrobiology Magazine, June 13, 2015.
^ abVoyage to the bottom of an alien sea. Michael Carroll, Astronomy. 5 September 2018.
^DESIGN OF A FORWARD LOOKING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR FOR AN AUTONOMOUS CRYOBOT FOR SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION OF EUROPA. (PDF). Omkar Pradhan, Srikumar Sandeep, Albin J. Gasiewski,and William Stone. 2017.
^An intelligent algorithm for autonomous scientific sampling with the VALKYRIE cryobot. Evan B. Clark, Nathan E. Bramall, Brent Christner, Chris Flesher, et al. International Journal of Astrobiology 25 September 2017. doi:10.1017/S1473550417000313
^An Alien-Hunting Submarine Is Being Tested in Antarctica. Daniel Oberhaus, Motherboard. 7 May 2017.
^Testing the Space-Bound Submarines That Will Explore Alien Oceans. Jay Bennett, Popular Mechanics. 24 July 2015.
^Cardell, G; Hecht, M H; Carsey, F D; Engelhardt, H (2004). "THE SUBSURFACE ICE PROBE (SIPR): A LOW-POWER THERMAL PROBE FOR THE MARTIAN POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^. ictp.trieste.it. Archived from the original on 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2006-10-05.
^. Time. March 23, 2012. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012.
December 01, 2023
cryobot, cryobot, philberth, probe, robot, that, penetrate, water, cryobot, uses, heat, melt, gravity, sink, downward, prototypeartist, impression, cryobot, deploying, hydrobotprototype, icemole, further, development, contents, features, technology, history, a. A cryobot or Philberth probe is a robot that can penetrate water ice A cryobot uses heat to melt the ice and gravity to sink downward Cryobot prototypeArtist s impression of a cryobot deploying a hydrobotPrototype IceMole a further development Contents 1 Features and technology 2 History 3 See also 4 ReferencesFeatures and technology editThe cryobot is a surface controlled instrumented vehicle desired to penetrate polar ice sheets down to 3 600 metres 11 800 ft by melting If built it would likely measure temperature stress ice movement and seismic acoustic and dielectric properties Such concept could also be used for other investigations with remote instrumentation The general concept uses a hot point for melt penetration instrumentation for control and measurement functions supply conductor coils to link the probe with the surface for transmission of power and measurement signals History editThe cryobot was invented by German physicist Karl Philberth who first demonstrated it in the 1960s as part of the International Glaciological Greenland Expedition EGIG achieving drilling depths in excess of 1 000 metres 3 300 ft In 1973 British scientists in Antarctica performed airborne ice penetrating radar survey and detected a possible lake 1 In 1991 the European remote sensing satellite ERS 1 confirmed the 1973 discovery of a large lake below four kilometers of ice now named Lake Vostok 2 The lake which is the fifth largest freshwater lake in the world is thought to be uncontaminated In 2002 NASA was planning to use a cryobot to explore the lake 3 4 but the project did not happen In 2011 NASA awarded Stone Aerospace 4 million to fund the Phase 2 of project VALKYRIE Very Deep Autonomous Laser Powered Kilowatt Class Yo Yoing Robotic Ice Explorer 5 This project aims to create an autonomous cryobot capable of melting through vast amounts of ice 6 The probe s power source differs from many other designs in that it does not rely on nuclear power to generate heat but rather the power of a high energy laser fed to it through a fiber optic cable 7 This is beneficial because nuclear probes are not allowed for testing in Antarctica as a result of the Antarctic Treaty 8 Phase 2 of project VALKYRIE consisted of testing a scaled down version of the cryobot in Matanuska Glacier Alaska in 2015 9 Following the success of these missions Phase 3 of the project is then used a full scale version of the cryobot to melt its way to a subglacial lake collect samples and then resurface 6 9 It featured a radar on the probe 10 11 integrated to an intelligent algorithm for autonomous scientific sampling and navigation 12 The test was performed in 2017 on a probe called Archimedes 10 Stone Aerospace integrated their ARTEMIS submersible with the VALKYRIE laser technology to develop a sophisticated cryobot called SPINDLE Sub glacial Polar Ice Navigation Descent and Lake Exploration 13 14 This third phase of the project would be viewed as a precursor to possible future missions to the icy moons of Europa a moon of Jupiter and Enceladus a moon of Saturn to explore the liquid water oceans thought to be present below their ice and assess their potential habitability 15 16 17 See also editAutonomous underwater vehicle BRUIE DEPTHX IceMole Radioisotope thermoelectric generatorReferences edit Oswald G K A Robin G de Q 1973 Lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet Nature 245 5423 251 254 Bibcode 1973Natur 245 251O doi 10 1038 245251a0 S2CID 4271414 Morton Oliver Ice Station Vostok Wired Retrieved 2011 01 31 Susan Reichley 2002 News Releases Ice Explorer Conceived for Other World Gets Arctic Test nasa gov Archived from the original on 2015 09 05 Retrieved 2011 02 01 Robot to Explore Buried Ice Lake Archived September 18 2010 at the Wayback Machine VALKYRIE Phase 2 dead link Astrobiology at NASA a b Stone Aerospace Smart Tools Systems and Vehicles for Exploring and Commercializing the Frontier stoneaerospace com Archived from the original on 2013 02 03 VALKYRIE Phase 2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 08 09 Cryobots Could Drill Into Icy Moons With Remote Fiber Optic Laser Power Wired April 19 2012 a b Tunneling Cryobot Robot May Explore Icy Moons Keith Cooper Astrobiology Magazine June 13 2015 a b Voyage to the bottom of an alien sea Michael Carroll Astronomy 5 September 2018 DESIGN OF A FORWARD LOOKING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR FOR AN AUTONOMOUS CRYOBOT FOR SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION OF EUROPA PDF Omkar Pradhan Srikumar Sandeep Albin J Gasiewski and William Stone 2017 An intelligent algorithm for autonomous scientific sampling with the VALKYRIE cryobot Evan B Clark Nathan E Bramall Brent Christner Chris Flesher et al International Journal of Astrobiology 25 September 2017 doi 10 1017 S1473550417000313 An Alien Hunting Submarine Is Being Tested in Antarctica Daniel Oberhaus Motherboard 7 May 2017 Testing the Space Bound Submarines That Will Explore Alien Oceans Jay Bennett Popular Mechanics 24 July 2015 Cardell G Hecht M H Carsey F D Engelhardt H 2004 THE SUBSURFACE ICE PROBE SIPR A LOW POWER THERMAL PROBE FOR THE MARTIAN POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS PDF Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV Retrieved 13 October 2018 searching for ice ictp trieste it Archived from the original on 2006 10 10 Retrieved 2006 10 05 searching for ice Time March 23 2012 Archived from the original on March 23 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cryobot amp oldid 1182653383, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
