Cruziana is a trace fossil consisting of elongate, bilobed, approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows, usually preserved along bedding planes, with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension. It is found in marine and freshwater sediments.[1] It first appears in upper Fortunian rocks of northern Iran and northern Norway.[2]Cruziana has been extensively studied because it has uses in biostratigraphy (specific scratch patterns are unique to specific time intervals),[3] and because the traces can reveal many aspects of their makers' behavior.
Cruziana is typically associated with trilobites but can also made by other arthropods.[1]Cruziana appears in non-marine formations such as the Beacon Supergroup that would have been unsuitable environments for trilobites,[1] and in Triassic sediments that were deposited after trilobites became extinct at the end of the Permian Period.[4]
Cruziana traces can reach 15 mm across and 15 cm in length, with one end usually deeper and wider than the other.[1] The burrow may begin or end with a resting trace[5] called Rusophycus, the outline of which corresponds roughly to the outline of the trace-maker, and with sculpture that may reveal the approximate number of legs, although striations (scratchmarks) from a single leg may overlap or be repeated. Cruziana tenella, and conceivably other ichnospecies, appears to have been formed by the concatenation of a series of Rusophycus traces, suggesting that Cruziana is a feeding trace, rather than a locomotory trace formed by burrowing within a layer of mud as historically believed.[6]
The ichnogenus Diplichnites may be produced where the trackmaker sped up.[citation needed] Several specimens of Cruziana are commonly found associated together at one sedimentary horizon, suggesting that the traces were made by populations of arthropods.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeWoolfe, K.J. (1990). "Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of Antarctica". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 80 (3–4): 301–310. Bibcode:1990PPP....80..301W. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X.
^Daley, Allison C.; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Drage, Harriet B.; Pates, Stephen (22 May 2018). "Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian Explosion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (21): 5323–5331. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.5323D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1719962115. PMC6003487. PMID 29784780.
^Seilacher, A. (1994). "How valid is Cruziana stratigraphy?". Geologische Rundschau. 83 (4): 752–758. Bibcode:1994GeoRu..83..752S. doi:10.1007/BF00251073. S2CID 129504434.
^Donovan, S. K. (2010). "Cruziana and Rusophycus: trace fossils produced by trilobites … in some cases?". Lethaia. 43 (2): 283–284. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00208.x.
^Garlock, T. L.; Isaacson, P. E. (1977). "An occurrence of a Cruziana population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the Bloomsberg Formation (Late Silurian)-Snyder County, Pennsylvania". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 282–287. JSTOR 1303607.
^Kesidis, Giannis; Budd, Graham E.; Jensen, Sören (2018). "An intermittent mode of formation for the trace fossil Cruziana as a serial repetition of Rusophycus: The case of Cruziana tenella (Linnarsson)". Lethaia. 52: 133–148. doi:10.1111/let.12303.
Further readingedit
Goldring, R. (1 May 2009). "The formation of the trace fossil". Geological Magazine. 122 (1): 65–72. doi:10.1017/S0016756800034099.
Jensen, Soren (2006). Trace Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia Sandstone, South-Central Sweden. Wiley. ISBN978-82-00-37665-1.
Vinn, O (2014). "Cruziana traces from the Late Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate shelf of Saaremaa, Estonia". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 63 (2): 71–75. doi:10.3176/earth.2014.06.
External linksedit
Trackways and associated burrow; Photo--(Close-up); Graphic--(trilobite and burrow, etc)
Argentine article on Cruziana "Remarkable Cruziana beds in the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cruziana.
October 28, 2023
cruziana, trace, fossil, consisting, elongate, bilobed, approximately, bilaterally, symmetrical, burrows, usually, preserved, along, bedding, planes, with, sculpture, repeated, striations, that, mostly, oblique, long, dimension, found, marine, freshwater, sedi. Cruziana is a trace fossil consisting of elongate bilobed approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows usually preserved along bedding planes with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension It is found in marine and freshwater sediments 1 It first appears in upper Fortunian rocks of northern Iran and northern Norway 2 Cruziana has been extensively studied because it has uses in biostratigraphy specific scratch patterns are unique to specific time intervals 3 and because the traces can reveal many aspects of their makers behavior CruzianaTemporal range Cambrian Triassic 537 250 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NCruziana fossil trackways of trilobites Trace fossil classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass TrilobitaIchnogenus Cruzianad Orbigny 1842Cruziana from the Devonian Brallier Formation or Harrell Formation Cruziana is typically associated with trilobites but can also made by other arthropods 1 Cruziana appears in non marine formations such as the Beacon Supergroup that would have been unsuitable environments for trilobites 1 and in Triassic sediments that were deposited after trilobites became extinct at the end of the Permian Period 4 Cruziana traces can reach 15 mm across and 15 cm in length with one end usually deeper and wider than the other 1 The burrow may begin or end with a resting trace 5 called Rusophycus the outline of which corresponds roughly to the outline of the trace maker and with sculpture that may reveal the approximate number of legs although striations scratchmarks from a single leg may overlap or be repeated Cruziana tenella and conceivably other ichnospecies appears to have been formed by the concatenation of a series of Rusophycus traces suggesting that Cruziana is a feeding trace rather than a locomotory trace formed by burrowing within a layer of mud as historically believed 6 The ichnogenus Diplichnites may be produced where the trackmaker sped up citation needed Several specimens of Cruziana are commonly found associated together at one sedimentary horizon suggesting that the traces were made by populations of arthropods 1 References edit a b c d e Woolfe K J 1990 Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group Devonian of Antarctica Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 80 3 4 301 310 Bibcode 1990PPP 80 301W doi 10 1016 0031 0182 90 90139 X Daley Allison C Antcliffe Jonathan B Drage Harriet B Pates Stephen 22 May 2018 Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian Explosion Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 21 5323 5331 Bibcode 2018PNAS 115 5323D doi 10 1073 pnas 1719962115 PMC 6003487 PMID 29784780 Seilacher A 1994 How valid is Cruziana stratigraphy Geologische Rundschau 83 4 752 758 Bibcode 1994GeoRu 83 752S doi 10 1007 BF00251073 S2CID 129504434 Donovan S K 2010 Cruziana and Rusophycus trace fossils produced by trilobites in some cases Lethaia 43 2 283 284 doi 10 1111 j 1502 3931 2009 00208 x Garlock T L Isaacson P E 1977 An occurrence of a Cruziana population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the Bloomsberg Formation Late Silurian Snyder County Pennsylvania Palaeontology 51 2 282 287 JSTOR 1303607 Kesidis Giannis Budd Graham E Jensen Soren 2018 An intermittent mode of formation for the trace fossil Cruziana as a serial repetition of Rusophycus The case of Cruziana tenella Linnarsson Lethaia 52 133 148 doi 10 1111 let 12303 Further reading editGoldring R 1 May 2009 The formation of the trace fossil Geological Magazine 122 1 65 72 doi 10 1017 S0016756800034099 Jensen Soren 2006 Trace Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia Sandstone South Central Sweden Wiley ISBN 978 82 00 37665 1 Vinn O 2014 Cruziana traces from the Late Silurian Pridoli carbonate shelf of Saaremaa Estonia Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 63 2 71 75 doi 10 3176 earth 2014 06 External links editTrackways and associated burrow Photo Close up Graphic trilobite and burrow etc Argentine article on Cruziana Remarkable Cruziana beds in the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental NW Argentina nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cruziana Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cruziana amp oldid 1151999571, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
