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Coton de Tulear

The Coton de Tuléar is a breed of small dog named for the city of Tuléar (also known as Toliara) in Madagascar. This breed is thought to have originated from a group of small white dogs that swam across the Malagasy channel following a shipwreck.[1] Known for its cotton-like coat, the Coton de Tuléar typically grows to no more than 18 pounds (8.2 kg), and are white, sometimes with grey, tan, black, or tri-colored markings. The Coton de Tuléar Day is celebrated on November 26. [2]

Coton de Tuléar
A Coton de Tuléar Puppy
Common nicknamesCoton
OriginMadagascar
Traits
Height Males 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in)
Females 22–27 cm (8.7–10.6 in)
Weight Males 4–6 kg (8.8–13.2 lb)
Females 3.5–5 kg (7.7–11.0 lb)
Coat medium-to-long, fluffy, cotton-like coat
Color white; white and grey, tan, black, or tricolor
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

Description edit

Appearance edit

Multiple registries with differing standards describe the Coton de Tuléar, but it generally has very soft voluptuous hair (as opposed to fur),[3] comparable to a cotton ball (hence its name in French, coton meaning cotton), a prominent black nose, large expressive eyes (usually covered by bangs), and somewhat short legs. The Coton de Tuléar's tail should curl over its back.

Coat and color edit

 
A Coton puppy

The Coton de Tuléar has a medium-to-long, fluffy, cotton-like coat that is considered hair rather than fur.[3] It is a non-shedding breed with low dander and is considered hypoallergenic. When it is a puppy, it may shed its puppy coat. Like the poodles, Maltese or the Havanese, this breed has very low allergic effects. Matted hair is common for this breed and should be removed through daily brushing and combing. Grooming the Coton de Tuléar can be quite a challenge.[4][5]

 
The Coton's soft hair is comparable to a cotton ball.

The Coton de Tuléar comes in three accepted colors: white (sometimes with tan markings; all white is preferred by show breeders); black and white; and tricolor. However, the tan and white may become all white, the blacks will often fade to grey or white, and fur will most likely change throughout puppyhood. The breed even has a fade gene that causes the colors, which are very dark when a puppy, to fade and turn white at the base of the hair as it lengthens; that is why the Champagne or Champagne Teddy Bear Coton eventually turns white when the adult hair comes in.) The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard specifies that the Coton's coat should be white but may also have tan or "lemon" color on their ears and body. The coat, however, must be primarily white with no black hair. The US-based Coton de Tuléar Club of America allows for three different but equally favorable colorings: white, black-and-white, and tri-color, including "honey bear". White is described as nearly all white, sometimes with tan or champagne coloring on the ears, face, or back. Black-and-white is defined as pure white with prominent black patches on the head and body (no white-to-black ratio is specified or favored). Tri-color is described as mostly white with some brown markings and dustings of black on the body and head. A honey bear tri-color has light brown with black tips that gradually fades to an off-white or lemon color. The tri-color loses the most color of any of the color varieties, usually becoming mostly white with possibly some champagne markings and a dusting of black hairs on the ears and/or body.[6]

 
A Tall Coton

Size edit

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard gives the Coton's weight as 6 to 8 kg (13 to 18 lb) for males and 3.5 to 5 kg (7.7 to 11.0 lb) for females. The Coton's height (including tolerance) is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) tall for males and 22 to 27 cm (8.7 to 10.6 in) for females.[7]

The Coton de Tuléar Club of America standard specifies the weight as no more than 18 lb (8.2 kg), with the average being between 11 and 15 lb (5.0 and 6.8 kg). The standard height is 9 to 13 in (23 to 33 cm), except for the rare Tall Coton, which is 15 to 17 in (38 to 43 cm) tall. The long-limbed Tall Coton shows up in all three color varieties and can be born to a litter with normal-sized parents that carry the appropriate genes.[8]

Detailed description edit

The nose is black in colour in the Coton de Tuléar Club of America standard. However, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard, which also favors a black nose, states that brown is tolerable as well. A pink or partly pink nose is not accepted in either standard. The standard advocates that the lips should preferably be tight and of the same colour as the nose, specifically black in the Coton de Tuléar Club of America standard. A Coton de Tuléar's teeth can be either in a scissor bite or pincer bite. Its eyes are normally round, dark in colour, and wide-set. Traditionally, the expression is lively, intelligent, bright, and merry. Typically, the Coton de Tuléar's ears are triangular and set high. The leather of the ear is often thin, and the neck is strong, favoured to be without a dewlap, and slightly arched.

The chest is typically well developed and reaches to (FCI-Standard N° 283 / 04. 02. 2000 / GB) the elbows. A Coton de Tuléar's feet are small and arched, and its back is normally strong and slightly arched. The pads of the feet are usually black. The body is of moderate length and typically has a moderate tuck-up. Traditionally, the loin is muscular and not overly long. The hind legs are normally strong and straight. The hind feet are similar to the front feet. Throughout history, the dewclaws have been removed; however, many would now oppose this arguably unnecessary and cruel procedure.[9] The tail is traditionally low-set and tapering, carried over the back when in motion or excited, but relaxed otherwise.

Temperament edit

The Coton is a playful, affectionate, intelligent breed. Although generally quiet, it can become very vocal—grunting, barking, and making other noises when having fun. Cotons are known to have a habit of jumping up and walking on their hind legs to please people. Most Cotons love meeting new people and are very curious about new situations. Cotons are easy to train as they are very eager to please. Cotons love to swim, run, and play. They adapt well to any kind of living environment. A common trait of the Coton de Tuléar behaviour is to come alive in the evening.

 
One year old Coton de Tulear playing in the garden

Care edit

The Coton has a coat that requires brushing and combing almost daily and bathing about once per week to maintain its beauty. Cotons love swimming; owners who have pools are recommended to let their Cotons play in the pool with supervision. Like poodles, they do not "shed", meaning they don't drop hair on furniture, carpeting, etc. They do lose hair; their coat's texture causes the shed hair to be trapped in the coat. If not brushed and combed daily, this breed's fur will mat up quickly and may require shaving. Cotons need a walk every day for exercise but will appreciate a play session as often as possible and have the endurance to go on a long hike. Cotons love to play with other dogs, and they are great with kids.

Health edit

 
A tricolor Coton puppy

A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14.2 years from a sample size of 44 dogs for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.[10]

History edit

 
A white Coton with black markings

The Coton de Tuléar developed on the island of Madagascar and is still the island's national dog. It is believed that the Tenerife dog was brought to Madagascar and mated with a dog on the island, creating an unexpected result. The Coton's ancestors were possibly brought to Madagascar in the 16th and 17th centuries aboard pirate ships. Madagascar was a haven for pirates, and pirate graveyards can still be seen there. Pirates established a base on St. Mary's Island, Madagascar and some of them took Malagasy wives. Whether the dogs were brought along to control rats on the ships, as companions for long voyages, or were confiscated from other ships as booty, no one knows. Tuléar is a port now also known as Toliara. The Coton is of the Bichon dog type, linked most closely to the Bichon Tenerife and the Tenerife Terrier. There have been many stories circulating about the history of the Coton in recent years, most of them untrue. The Coton de Tuléar was never feral on Madagascar. It did not hunt wild boar or crocodiles, as its size, strength, and demeanor can disprove easily. It was a companion dog of the Merina (the ruling tribe) in Madagascar. It has a very little prey drive and is not a hunting dog.

The cottony coat may be the result of a single gene mutation. This small, friendly dog caught the fancy of the Malagasy royalty, and they became the only people allowed to keep Cotons. When Dr. Robert Jay Russell encountered the breed in Madagascar in 1973 and brought the first ones to America, he coined the phrase the Royal Dog of Madagascar, and the name stuck. They were also imported occasionally into France by returning French colonists but were not officially imported to Europe until the 1970s. In 1974, Madagascar released a stamp with the image of the Coton, affirming their status as the nation's "royal dog".[11]

 
The cottony coat may be the result of a single gene mutation.

The Coton de Tuléar was first formally recognised as a breed by the Societe Centrale Canine (the French national kennel club) in 1970[12] and was accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, which published the breed standard in 1972.[7] The Coton de Tuléar is recognised internationally through the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and by major kennel clubs (The Kennel Club (UK) in the Toy Group, and the United Kennel Club (US) in the Companion Group), using standards-based upon the Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard. The breed is not recognised by the New Zealand Kennel Club or the Australian Kennel Union. It also may be recognised in the English-speaking world by any of the very large numbers of minor registries, clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses.

In the United States, another standard for the Coton de Tuléar was developed based upon the breed in Madagascar in 1974 by a biologist, Dr. Robert Jay Russell. Russell established the Coton de Tuléar Club of America in 1976 and was opposed to American Kennel Club recognition. The Coton de Tuléar entered the American Kennel Club Foundation Stock Service (their first step in breed recognition) in 1996 and became a fully recognized breed on July 1, 2014.[13] The American Kennel Club Parent Club for the breed in the United States of America Coton de Tuléar Club.[14]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Lacoste, Kristine (2017-05-27). "5 Things to Know About the Coton de Tuléar". Petful. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  2. ^ "Coton de Tulear Day". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  3. ^ a b Coton de Tulears 2010-07-16 at the Wayback Machine at Canine Directory
  4. ^ "cotongrooming.com". www.cotongrooming.com.
  5. ^ Dogs that do not shed 2018-09-30 at the Wayback Machine at Go Pets America. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
  6. ^ . CTCA. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Standard No. 283 of November 25, 1999, translated February 4, 2000" (PDF). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  8. ^ . The Coton de Tulear Club of America. Archived from the original on 2019-11-05. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  9. ^ Dublin Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (PDF). Dublin Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  10. ^ McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484.
  11. ^ "Coton de Tulear History - American Coton Club". www.americancotonclub.com.
  12. ^ "Accueil - Société Centrale Canine". www.scc.asso.fr.
  13. ^ "The AKC Family Grows to 180 Breeds" 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine American Kennel Club.
  14. ^ "The United States of America Coton de Tulear Club". www.usactc.org.

External links edit


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The Coton de Tulear is a breed of small dog named for the city of Tulear also known as Toliara in Madagascar This breed is thought to have originated from a group of small white dogs that swam across the Malagasy channel following a shipwreck 1 Known for its cotton like coat the Coton de Tulear typically grows to no more than 18 pounds 8 2 kg and are white sometimes with grey tan black or tri colored markings The Coton de Tulear Day is celebrated on November 26 2 Coton de TulearA Coton de Tulear PuppyCommon nicknamesCotonOriginMadagascarTraitsHeightMales25 30 cm 9 8 11 8 in Females22 27 cm 8 7 10 6 in WeightMales4 6 kg 8 8 13 2 lb Females3 5 5 kg 7 7 11 0 lb Coatmedium to long fluffy cotton like coatColorwhite white and grey tan black or tricolorKennel club standardsFederation Cynologique InternationalestandardDog domestic dog Contents 1 Description 1 1 Appearance 1 1 1 Coat and color 1 1 2 Size 1 1 3 Detailed description 1 2 Temperament 2 Care 3 Health 4 History 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription editAppearance edit Multiple registries with differing standards describe the Coton de Tulear but it generally has very soft voluptuous hair as opposed to fur 3 comparable to a cotton ball hence its name in French coton meaning cotton a prominent black nose large expressive eyes usually covered by bangs and somewhat short legs The Coton de Tulear s tail should curl over its back Coat and color edit nbsp A Coton puppy The Coton de Tulear has a medium to long fluffy cotton like coat that is considered hair rather than fur 3 It is a non shedding breed with low dander and is considered hypoallergenic When it is a puppy it may shed its puppy coat Like the poodles Maltese or the Havanese this breed has very low allergic effects Matted hair is common for this breed and should be removed through daily brushing and combing Grooming the Coton de Tulear can be quite a challenge 4 5 nbsp The Coton s soft hair is comparable to a cotton ball The Coton de Tulear comes in three accepted colors white sometimes with tan markings all white is preferred by show breeders black and white and tricolor However the tan and white may become all white the blacks will often fade to grey or white and fur will most likely change throughout puppyhood The breed even has a fade gene that causes the colors which are very dark when a puppy to fade and turn white at the base of the hair as it lengthens that is why the Champagne or Champagne Teddy Bear Coton eventually turns white when the adult hair comes in The Federation Cynologique Internationale standard specifies that the Coton s coat should be white but may also have tan or lemon color on their ears and body The coat however must be primarily white with no black hair The US based Coton de Tulear Club of America allows for three different but equally favorable colorings white black and white and tri color including honey bear White is described as nearly all white sometimes with tan or champagne coloring on the ears face or back Black and white is defined as pure white with prominent black patches on the head and body no white to black ratio is specified or favored Tri color is described as mostly white with some brown markings and dustings of black on the body and head A honey bear tri color has light brown with black tips that gradually fades to an off white or lemon color The tri color loses the most color of any of the color varieties usually becoming mostly white with possibly some champagne markings and a dusting of black hairs on the ears and or body 6 nbsp A Tall Coton Size edit The Federation Cynologique Internationale standard gives the Coton s weight as 6 to 8 kg 13 to 18 lb for males and 3 5 to 5 kg 7 7 to 11 0 lb for females The Coton s height including tolerance is 25 to 30 cm 9 8 to 11 8 in tall for males and 22 to 27 cm 8 7 to 10 6 in for females 7 The Coton de Tulear Club of America standard specifies the weight as no more than 18 lb 8 2 kg with the average being between 11 and 15 lb 5 0 and 6 8 kg The standard height is 9 to 13 in 23 to 33 cm except for the rare Tall Coton which is 15 to 17 in 38 to 43 cm tall The long limbed Tall Coton shows up in all three color varieties and can be born to a litter with normal sized parents that carry the appropriate genes 8 Detailed description edit The nose is black in colour in the Coton de Tulear Club of America standard However the Federation Cynologique Internationale standard which also favors a black nose states that brown is tolerable as well A pink or partly pink nose is not accepted in either standard The standard advocates that the lips should preferably be tight and of the same colour as the nose specifically black in the Coton de Tulear Club of America standard A Coton de Tulear s teeth can be either in a scissor bite or pincer bite Its eyes are normally round dark in colour and wide set Traditionally the expression is lively intelligent bright and merry Typically the Coton de Tulear s ears are triangular and set high The leather of the ear is often thin and the neck is strong favoured to be without a dewlap and slightly arched The chest is typically well developed and reaches to FCI Standard N 283 04 02 2000 GB the elbows A Coton de Tulear s feet are small and arched and its back is normally strong and slightly arched The pads of the feet are usually black The body is of moderate length and typically has a moderate tuck up Traditionally the loin is muscular and not overly long The hind legs are normally strong and straight The hind feet are similar to the front feet Throughout history the dewclaws have been removed however many would now oppose this arguably unnecessary and cruel procedure 9 The tail is traditionally low set and tapering carried over the back when in motion or excited but relaxed otherwise Temperament edit The Coton is a playful affectionate intelligent breed Although generally quiet it can become very vocal grunting barking and making other noises when having fun Cotons are known to have a habit of jumping up and walking on their hind legs to please people Most Cotons love meeting new people and are very curious about new situations Cotons are easy to train as they are very eager to please Cotons love to swim run and play They adapt well to any kind of living environment A common trait of the Coton de Tulear behaviour is to come alive in the evening nbsp One year old Coton de Tulear playing in the gardenCare editThe Coton has a coat that requires brushing and combing almost daily and bathing about once per week to maintain its beauty Cotons love swimming owners who have pools are recommended to let their Cotons play in the pool with supervision Like poodles they do not shed meaning they don t drop hair on furniture carpeting etc They do lose hair their coat s texture causes the shed hair to be trapped in the coat If not brushed and combed daily this breed s fur will mat up quickly and may require shaving Cotons need a walk every day for exercise but will appreciate a play session as often as possible and have the endurance to go on a long hike Cotons love to play with other dogs and they are great with kids Health edit nbsp A tricolor Coton puppy A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14 2 years from a sample size of 44 dogs for the breed compared to an average of 12 7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds 10 History edit nbsp A white Coton with black markings The Coton de Tulear developed on the island of Madagascar and is still the island s national dog It is believed that the Tenerife dog was brought to Madagascar and mated with a dog on the island creating an unexpected result The Coton s ancestors were possibly brought to Madagascar in the 16th and 17th centuries aboard pirate ships Madagascar was a haven for pirates and pirate graveyards can still be seen there Pirates established a base on St Mary s Island Madagascar and some of them took Malagasy wives Whether the dogs were brought along to control rats on the ships as companions for long voyages or were confiscated from other ships as booty no one knows Tulear is a port now also known as Toliara The Coton is of the Bichon dog type linked most closely to the Bichon Tenerife and the Tenerife Terrier There have been many stories circulating about the history of the Coton in recent years most of them untrue The Coton de Tulear was never feral on Madagascar It did not hunt wild boar or crocodiles as its size strength and demeanor can disprove easily It was a companion dog of the Merina the ruling tribe in Madagascar It has a very little prey drive and is not a hunting dog The cottony coat may be the result of a single gene mutation This small friendly dog caught the fancy of the Malagasy royalty and they became the only people allowed to keep Cotons When Dr Robert Jay Russell encountered the breed in Madagascar in 1973 and brought the first ones to America he coined the phrase the Royal Dog of Madagascar and the name stuck They were also imported occasionally into France by returning French colonists but were not officially imported to Europe until the 1970s In 1974 Madagascar released a stamp with the image of the Coton affirming their status as the nation s royal dog 11 nbsp The cottony coat may be the result of a single gene mutation The Coton de Tulear was first formally recognised as a breed by the Societe Centrale Canine the French national kennel club in 1970 12 and was accepted by the Federation Cynologique Internationale which published the breed standard in 1972 7 The Coton de Tulear is recognised internationally through the Federation Cynologique Internationale and by major kennel clubs The Kennel Club UK in the Toy Group and the United Kennel Club US in the Companion Group using standards based upon the Federation Cynologique Internationale standard The breed is not recognised by the New Zealand Kennel Club or the Australian Kennel Union It also may be recognised in the English speaking world by any of the very large numbers of minor registries clubs and internet based dog registry businesses In the United States another standard for the Coton de Tulear was developed based upon the breed in Madagascar in 1974 by a biologist Dr Robert Jay Russell Russell established the Coton de Tulear Club of America in 1976 and was opposed to American Kennel Club recognition The Coton de Tulear entered the American Kennel Club Foundation Stock Service their first step in breed recognition in 1996 and became a fully recognized breed on July 1 2014 13 The American Kennel Club Parent Club for the breed in the United States of America Coton de Tulear Club 14 See also editDogs portal List of dog breeds Bichon Rare breed dog References edit Lacoste Kristine 2017 05 27 5 Things to Know About the Coton de Tulear Petful Retrieved 2019 03 11 Coton de Tulear Day Retrieved 2021 09 01 a b Coton de Tulears Archived 2010 07 16 at the Wayback Machine at Canine Directory cotongrooming com www cotongrooming com Dogs that do not shed Archived 2018 09 30 at the Wayback Machine at Go Pets America Retrieved September 7 2008 CTCA standard CTCA Archived from the original on 5 November 2019 Retrieved 3 May 2015 a b Standard No 283 of November 25 1999 translated February 4 2000 PDF Federation Cynologique Internationale Retrieved 3 May 2015 The Official Coton de Tulear Book The Coton de Tulear Club of America Archived from the original on 2019 11 05 Retrieved 2019 11 05 Dublin Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Tail Docking in Dogs and other Acts of Mutilation in Dogs amp Cats PDF Dublin Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 9 February 2017 McMillan Kirsten M Bielby Jon Williams Carys L Upjohn Melissa M Casey Rachel A Christley Robert M 2024 02 01 Longevity of companion dog breeds those at risk from early death Scientific Reports 14 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC doi 10 1038 s41598 023 50458 w ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 10834484 Coton de Tulear History American Coton Club www americancotonclub com Accueil Societe Centrale Canine www scc asso fr The AKC Family Grows to 180 Breeds Archived 2015 04 02 at the Wayback Machine American Kennel Club The United States of America Coton de Tulear Club www usactc org External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coton de Tulear Coton de Tulear at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coton de Tulear amp oldid 1218946094, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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