A graphical view of the Cosmic Calendar, featuring the months of the year, days of December, the final minute, and the final second
In this visualization, the Big Bang took place at the beginning of January 1 at midnight, and the current moment maps onto the end of December 31 just before midnight.[1] At this scale, there are 437.5 years per cosmic second, 1.575 million years per cosmic hour, and 37.8 million years per cosmic day.
The concept was popularized by Carl Sagan in his 1977 book The Dragons of Eden and on his 1980 television series Cosmos.[2] Sagan goes on to extend the comparison in terms of surface area, explaining that if the Cosmic Calendar were scaled to the size of a football field, then "all of human history would occupy an area the size of [his] hand".[3]
^Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112 (47): 14518–21. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC4664351. PMID 26483481. Retrieved 2015-10-20. Early edition, published online before print.
^Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. (8 December 2013). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7 (1): 25–28. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025.
^Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". AP News. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
^Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology. 13 (12): 1103–24. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. PMC3870916. PMID 24205812.
^Erwin, Douglas H. (9 November 2015). "Early metazoan life: divergence, environment and ecology". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 370 (20150036): 20150036. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0036. PMC4650120. PMID 26554036.
^. Archived from the original on 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
External linksedit
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: General Astronomy/Short History of the Universe
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: High School Earth Science
More information on the image used for this article.
cosmic, calendar, method, visualize, chronology, universe, scaling, currently, understood, billion, years, single, year, order, help, intuit, pedagogical, purposes, science, education, popular, science, graphical, view, featuring, months, year, days, december,. The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe scaling its currently understood age of 13 8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science A graphical view of the Cosmic Calendar featuring the months of the year days of December the final minute and the final second In this visualization the Big Bang took place at the beginning of January 1 at midnight and the current moment maps onto the end of December 31 just before midnight 1 At this scale there are 437 5 years per cosmic second 1 575 million years per cosmic hour and 37 8 million years per cosmic day The concept was popularized by Carl Sagan in his 1977 book The Dragons of Eden and on his 1980 television series Cosmos 2 Sagan goes on to extend the comparison in terms of surface area explaining that if the Cosmic Calendar were scaled to the size of a football field then all of human history would occupy an area the size of his hand 3 A similar analogy used to visualize the geologic time scale and the history of life on Earth is the Geologic Calendar Contents 1 Cosmology 2 Evolution of life on Earth 3 Human evolution 4 History begins 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksCosmology editDate Gya billion years ago Event 1 Jan 13 8 Big Bang as seen through cosmic background radiation which would have been last emitted 14 minutes after midnight 19 Jan 13 1 Oldest known Gamma Ray Burst 26 Jan 12 85 First galaxies form 4 16 Mar 11 Milky Way Galaxy formed 13 May 8 8 Milky Way Galaxy disk formed 2 Sep 4 57 Formation of the Solar System 6 Sep 4 4 Oldest rocks known on Earth Date in year calculated from formulaT days 365 days 1 T Gya 13 797 Evolution of life on Earth editDate Gya billion years ago Event 14 Sep 4 1 First known remains of biotic life discovered in 4 1 billion year old rocks in Western Australia 5 6 21 Sep 3 8 First Life Prokaryotes 7 8 9 30 Sep 3 4 Photosynthesis 29 Oct 2 4 Oxygenation of atmosphere 9 Nov 2 Complex cells Eukaryotes 5 Dec 0 8 First multicellular life 10 7 Dec 0 67 Simple animals 14 Dec 0 55 Arthropods ancestors of insects arachnids 17 Dec 0 5 Fish and Proto amphibians 20 Dec 0 45 Land plants Ordovician Silurian extinction events 21 Dec 0 4 Insects and seeds 22 Dec 0 36 Amphibians Late Devonian extinction 23 Dec 0 3 Reptiles 24 Dec 0 25 Permian Triassic extinction event 57 of all biological families and 83 of all genera die 25 Dec 0 23 Dinosaurs 26 Dec 0 2 Mammals Triassic Jurassic extinction event 27 Dec 0 15 Birds avian dinosaurs 28 Dec 0 13 Flowers 30 Dec 06 24 0 065 Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event non avian dinosaurs die out 11 Human evolution editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Date time Mya million years ago Event 30 Dec 65 Primates 31 Dec 06 05 15 Apes 31 Dec 14 24 12 3 Hominids 31 Dec 22 24 2 5 Primitive humans and stone tools 31 Dec 23 44 0 4 Domestication of fire 31 Dec 23 52 0 2 Anatomically modern humans 31 Dec 23 55 0 11 Beginning of most recent Glacial Period 31 Dec 23 58 0 035 Sculpture and painting 31 Dec 23 59 32 0 012 AgricultureHistory begins editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Date time kya thousand years ago Event 31 Dec 23 59 33 12 0 End of the last Ice Age 31 Dec 23 59 41 8 3 Flooding of Doggerland 31 Dec 23 59 46 6 0 Chalcolithic 31 Dec 23 59 47 5 5 Early Bronze Age Proto writing Building of Stonehenge Cursus 31 Dec 23 59 48 5 0 First Dynasty of Egypt Early Dynastic period in Sumer beginning of Indus Valley civilisation 31 Dec 23 59 49 4 5 Alphabet Akkadian Empire wheel 31 Dec 23 59 51 4 0 Code of Hammurabi Middle Kingdom of Egypt 31 Dec 23 59 52 3 5 Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age Minoan eruption 31 Dec 23 59 53 3 0 Iron Age beginning of classical antiquity 31 Dec 23 59 54 2 5 Buddha Mahavira Zoroaster Confucius Achaemenid Empire Qin Dynasty Classical Greece Ashokan Empire Vedas Completed Euclidean geometry Archimedean Physics Roman Republic 31 Dec 23 59 55 2 0 Ptolemaic astronomy Roman Empire Christ invention of numeral 0 Gupta Empire 31 Dec 23 59 56 1 5 Muhammad Maya civilization Song Dynasty rise of Byzantine Empire 31 Dec 23 59 58 1 0 Mongol Empire Maratha Empire Crusades Christopher Columbus voyages to the Americas Renaissance in Europe Classical music to the time of Johann Sebastian Bach 31 Dec 23 59 59 0 5 Modern History the last 437 5 years before present See also editGeologic Calendar Big History Academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present Detailed logarithmic timeline Timeline of the history of the universe Earth and mankind List of timelines Timeline of ancient history Timeline of early modern history Timeline of the evolutionary history of life Timeline of the far future Scientific projections regarding the far future Timeline of human evolution Timeline of human prehistory Timelines of modern history Timeline of natural history Timeline of plant evolution Chronological outline of major events in the development of plants Chronology of the universe History and future of the universe Timeline of the Middle Ages Timeline of events 5th 15th century CEPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Cosmic time Time coordinate used in cosmology History of Earth Development of planet Earth from its formation to the present dayReferences edit Blanchard Therese Puyau 1995 The Universe At Your Fingertips Activity Cosmic Calendar Astronomical Society of the Pacific Archived from the original on 2007 12 16 Retrieved 2007 12 15 Cosmos episode 1 1980 Episode 1 The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean Cosmos A Personal Voyage Carl Sagan First Galaxies Born Sooner After Big Bang Than Thought Space com 14 April 2011 Retrieved 2015 11 07 Borenstein Seth 19 October 2015 Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth Excite Yonkers New York Mindspark Interactive Network Associated Press Retrieved 2015 10 20 Bell Elizabeth A Boehnike Patrick Harrison T Mark et al 19 October 2015 Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4 1 billion year old zircon PDF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112 47 14518 21 Bibcode 2015PNAS 11214518B doi 10 1073 pnas 1517557112 ISSN 1091 6490 PMC 4664351 PMID 26483481 Retrieved 2015 10 20 Early edition published online before print Ohtomo Yoko Kakegawa Takeshi Ishida Akizumi Nagase Toshiro Rosing Minik T 8 December 2013 Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks Nature Geoscience 7 1 25 28 Bibcode 2014NatGe 7 25O doi 10 1038 ngeo2025 Borenstein Seth 13 November 2013 Oldest fossil found Meet your microbial mom AP News Retrieved 15 November 2013 Noffke Nora Christian Daniel Wacey David Hazen Robert M 8 November 2013 Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca 3 48 Billion Year Old Dresser Formation Pilbara Western Australia Astrobiology 13 12 1103 24 Bibcode 2013AsBio 13 1103N doi 10 1089 ast 2013 1030 PMC 3870916 PMID 24205812 Erwin Douglas H 9 November 2015 Early metazoan life divergence environment and ecology Phil Trans R Soc B 370 20150036 20150036 doi 10 1098 rstb 2015 0036 PMC 4650120 PMID 26554036 Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey 35min Archived from the original on 2014 03 11 Retrieved 2014 03 11 External links edit nbsp Wikibooks has a book on the topic of General Astronomy Short History of the Universe nbsp Wikibooks has a book on the topic of High School Earth Science More information on the image used for this article The Cosmic Calendar in a Google Calendar format The Cosmic Calendar relayed in real time Portals nbsp History nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Solar System nbsp Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cosmic Calendar amp oldid 1203752636, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
