Consumer–resource interactions are the core motif of ecological food chains or food webs,[1] and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey-predator (see predation), host-parasite (see parasitism), plant-herbivore and victim-exploiter systems. These kinds of interactions have been studied and modeled by population ecologists for nearly a century.[2][3] Species at the bottom of the food chain, such as algae and other autotrophs, consume non-biological resources, such as minerals and nutrients of various kinds, and they derive their energy from light (photons) or chemical sources. Species higher up in the food chain survive by consuming other species and can be classified by what they eat and how they obtain or find their food.
Various terms have arisen to define consumers by what they eat, such as meat-eating carnivores, fish-eating piscivores, insect-eating insectivores, plant-eating herbivores, seed-eating granivores, and fruit-eating frugivores and omnivores are meat eaters and plant eaters. An extensive classification of consumer categories based on a list of feeding behaviors exists.[citation needed]
The Getz categorization
Wayne Getz's consumer categories are based on material eaten (plant: green live, brown dead; animal: red live, purple dead; or particulate: grey) and feeding strategy (gatherer: lighter shades; miner: darker shades).[4]
Another way of categorizing consumers, proposed by South African American ecologist Wayne Getz, is based on a biomass transformation web (BTW) formulation that organizes resources into five components: live and dead animal, live and dead plant, and particulate (i.e. broken down plant and animal) matter.[4] It also distinguishes between consumers that gather their resources by moving across landscapes from those that mine their resources by becoming sessile once they have located a stock of resources large enough for them to feed on during completion of a full life history stage.
In Getz's scheme, words for miners are of Greek etymology and words for gatherers are of Latin etymology. Thus a bestivore, such as a cat, preys on live animals (Latin: bestia=animal) while a sarcophage, such as a botfly larva mines live flesh and a zontanophage (Greek: zontanos=alive), such as a leaf miner, mines live plant material. A carcasivore (Latin: carcasium=carcass), such as white-backed vulture, scavenge animal carcasses while a necrophage (Greek: nekros=dead body), such as a blowfly, mines dead flesh. Victivores (Latin: victus=living) gather live plant material and thus include frugivores, nectivores, graminivores, granivores and folivores as subcategories. Lectivores, such as many termites, gather dead plant material (Latin: lectus=bed which is the root of the word litter, as in leaf-litter) and thanatophages (Greek: thanatos=death), such as pillbugs mine piles of dead plant material. Carnivore and herbivore are generic multigroup categories for gathers respectively of animal and plant material, irrespective of whether live or dead. Croppers, scavengers, and detritivores are gatherers respectively of live, dead, and particulate material. Parasites, saprophages, and decomposers are miners respectively of live, dead, and particulate material.[4]
^Bascompte, Jordi (24 July 2009). "Disentangling the Web of Life". Science. 325 (5939): 416–419. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..416B. doi:10.1126/science.1170749. PMID 19628856. S2CID 2249052.
^Murdoch, William W.; Briggs, Cheryl J.; Nisbet, Roger M. (2013). Consumer-Resource Dynamics. Princeton University Press. ISBN9781400847259.
^Turchin, Peter (2013). Complex Population Dynamics: A Theoretical/Empirical Synthesis. Princeton University Press. ISBN9781400847280.
^ abcGetz, Wayne M. (February 2011). "Biomass transformation webs provide a unified approach to consumer-resource modelling". Ecology Letters. 14 (2): 113–124. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01566.x. PMC3032891. PMID 21199247.
February 14, 2023
consumer, resource, interactions, core, motif, ecological, food, chains, food, webs, umbrella, term, variety, more, specialized, types, biological, species, interactions, including, prey, predator, predation, host, parasite, parasitism, plant, herbivore, victi. Consumer resource interactions are the core motif of ecological food chains or food webs 1 and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey predator see predation host parasite see parasitism plant herbivore and victim exploiter systems These kinds of interactions have been studied and modeled by population ecologists for nearly a century 2 3 Species at the bottom of the food chain such as algae and other autotrophs consume non biological resources such as minerals and nutrients of various kinds and they derive their energy from light photons or chemical sources Species higher up in the food chain survive by consuming other species and can be classified by what they eat and how they obtain or find their food Contents 1 Classification of consumer types 1 1 The standard categorization 1 2 The Getz categorization 1 3 Specialist totivores gatherers 1 4 Specialist olophages miners 2 See also 3 ReferencesClassification of consumer types EditThe standard categorization Edit Various terms have arisen to define consumers by what they eat such as meat eating carnivores fish eating piscivores insect eating insectivores plant eating herbivores seed eating granivores and fruit eating frugivores and omnivores are meat eaters and plant eaters An extensive classification of consumer categories based on a list of feeding behaviors exists citation needed The Getz categorization Edit Wayne Getz s consumer categories are based on material eaten plant green live brown dead animal red live purple dead or particulate grey and feeding strategy gatherer lighter shades miner darker shades 4 Another way of categorizing consumers proposed by South African American ecologist Wayne Getz is based on a biomass transformation web BTW formulation that organizes resources into five components live and dead animal live and dead plant and particulate i e broken down plant and animal matter 4 It also distinguishes between consumers that gather their resources by moving across landscapes from those that mine their resources by becoming sessile once they have located a stock of resources large enough for them to feed on during completion of a full life history stage In Getz s scheme words for miners are of Greek etymology and words for gatherers are of Latin etymology Thus a bestivore such as a cat preys on live animals Latin bestia animal while a sarcophage such as a botfly larva mines live flesh and a zontanophage Greek zontanos alive such as a leaf miner mines live plant material A carcasivore Latin carcasium carcass such as white backed vulture scavenge animal carcasses while a necrophage Greek nekros dead body such as a blowfly mines dead flesh Victivores Latin victus living gather live plant material and thus include frugivores nectivores graminivores granivores and folivores as subcategories Lectivores such as many termites gather dead plant material Latin lectus bed which is the root of the word litter as in leaf litter and thanatophages Greek thanatos death such as pillbugs mine piles of dead plant material Carnivore and herbivore are generic multigroup categories for gathers respectively of animal and plant material irrespective of whether live or dead Croppers scavengers and detritivores are gatherers respectively of live dead and particulate material Parasites saprophages and decomposers are miners respectively of live dead and particulate material 4 Specialist totivores gatherers Edit Folivore Frugivore Fungivore Carnivore Insectivore Molluscivore Piscivore Avivore Spongivore Graminivore Granivore Nectarivore Palynivore Bacterivore Detritivore OphiophagySpecialist olophages miners Edit Coprophagy Geophagy Hematophagy Lepidophagy Mucophagy Myrmecophagy Osteophagy Oophagy Ophiophagy Ovophagy Placentophagy Saprophagy Sarcophagy Thanatophagy Xylophagy ZontanophagySee also EditCannibalism Food web Herbivore Omnivore Parasitoid Predation Scavenger TrophallaxisReferences Edit Bascompte Jordi 24 July 2009 Disentangling the Web of Life Science 325 5939 416 419 Bibcode 2009Sci 325 416B doi 10 1126 science 1170749 PMID 19628856 S2CID 2249052 Murdoch William W Briggs Cheryl J Nisbet Roger M 2013 Consumer Resource Dynamics Princeton University Press ISBN 9781400847259 Turchin Peter 2013 Complex Population Dynamics A Theoretical Empirical Synthesis Princeton University Press ISBN 9781400847280 a b c Getz Wayne M February 2011 Biomass transformation webs provide a unified approach to consumer resource modelling Ecology Letters 14 2 113 124 doi 10 1111 j 1461 0248 2010 01566 x PMC 3032891 PMID 21199247 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Consumer resource interactions amp oldid 1133205419, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
