Conrad Murray
Conrad Robert Murray (born February 19, 1953) is a Grenadian-American[1] former cardiologist who was the personal physician of Michael Jackson, providing medical treatment to help him sleep on the day Jackson died in 2009. In 2011, Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in Jackson's death for having inadvertently overdosed him with a powerful surgical anesthetic, propofol, which was being improperly used as a bedtime sleep agent.[2] Murray served a little less than two years out of his original four-year prison sentence.
Conrad Murray | |
|---|---|
Mug shot of Murray, taken November 7, 2011 | |
| Born | Conrad Robert Murray February 19, 1953 |
| Education | Texas Southern University Meharry Medical College |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Known for | Personal physician of Michael Jackson at the time of his death in 2009 |
| Criminal status | Released on October 28, 2013 |
| Children | 7 |
| Conviction(s) | Involuntary manslaughter |
| Criminal penalty | Four years in prison; paroled after one year and eleven months |
Early life edit
Murray was born on February 19, 1953, and was raised by his maternal grandparents, who were farmers in Grenada until he joined his mother, Milta, in British Trinidad and Tobago when he was seven years old. He grew up poor in Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad and Tobago. He did not meet his father, Rawle Andrew, also a physician, until he was 25. Andrew, who died in 2001, was devoted to providing medical services to the poor. Murray finished high school and worked as a volunteer elementary school teacher in Trinidad. After teaching, he worked as a customs clerk and insurance underwriter to save up for college tuition.[2]
Education edit
In 1973, Murray moved to Houston, Texas, where his father worked, to attend Texas Southern University, and graduated magna cum laude with a degree in pre-med and biological sciences. Murray continued his education at Meharry Medical College, in Nashville, Tennessee, the same school his father attended, and the first medical school in the Southern United States for African Americans.[citation needed] He began his internal medicine residency at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Murray completed it at the Loma Linda University Medical Center in California. He then completed a cardiology fellowship at the University of Arizona.[2]
Career edit
Murray worked at the Sharp Memorial Hospital in San Diego as an associate director of its cardiology fellowship training program. In 1990, he opened a private practice in Las Vegas. In 2006, he founded the Acres Homes Heart and Vascular Institute in Houston. Murray met Michael Jackson in 2006, in Las Vegas, and treated his daughter Paris when she fell ill. Jackson hired Murray to be his exclusive personal physician prior to his tour in July 2009.[2] Jackson insisted that Murray be employed by his show promoter, AEG Live, for $150,000 monthly. However, AEG later claimed that there was never a contract with Murray.[3][4] Murray and AEG agree that Murray was never paid.[5] In 2018, Murray released a memoir, This Is It!, which detailed his experience as Michael Jackson's physician and tells of having treated Mother Teresa. Murray wrote,
However my most magnanimous and noble patient is also deceased. She was the world-renowned quintessential nun who is now a saint: Mother Theresa. I loved the way I dedicated my services to her, it was totally selfless because when I agreed to serve her, I literally had no idea then that she was widely known…
The book was poorly received by critics, with The A.V. Club calling it "literary poison with no antidote"[6] and The Daily Telegraph describing its "thousand words of self-aggrandising, poorly punctuated and repetitive text."[7]
In May 2023, Murray opened his own institute entitled, "DCM Medical Institute" in El Socorro, a suburb of San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago.[8]
Personal life edit
Murray is a naturalized U.S. citizen.[1] In May 2009, Murray began working as Jackson's personal physician.[9] By that time, he had reportedly fathered seven children by six different women.[10] He was in arrears on the mortgage for the Las Vegas home occupied by his first wife and children and owed child support to the mothers of children outside of his marriage, which he could not pay due to the amount of money he owed to Michael Jackson's family. He was married to Blanche, his second wife, whom he met at medical school, and helped pay rent for another woman, Nicole Alvarez. Murray met Alvarez at a gentlemen's club in Las Vegas when she worked as a stripper, and Alvarez gave birth to their son Che Giovanni Murray in March 2009.[11] Another relationship, with a cocktail waitress from Houston, was also reported.[12]
Murray was at risk of losing his California medical license due to unpaid child support to one of his children and owed $13,000 to a California woman, Nenita Malibiran.[13] Murray was a defendant in numerous civil lawsuits (though none for medical malpractice). By 2008, he had accumulated over $600,000 in court judgments against him for medical equipment and unpaid rent for his practices in Texas and Nevada. He also owed $71,000 for student loans at Meharry Medical College.[14] Murray had filed for bankruptcy in 2002, in California.[15]
Death of Michael Jackson edit
On June 25, 2009, only weeks after hiring Murray, Michael Jackson died due to a lethal dose of propofol administered by Murray. Court documents released in August 2009 revealed that the coroner's preliminary conclusion indicated that Jackson overdosed on propofol. However, the coroner's office declined to comment on reports claiming that the death was ruled a homicide.[16] Several offices of doctors who were believed to have treated Jackson were searched. Based on the autopsy and toxicology findings, the cause of Jackson's death was determined to be acute propofol intoxication with a contributory benzodiazepine effect and the manner of death to be a homicide, eventually, so that the focus of the investigation shifted toward Murray. He admitted administering 25 mg of propofol intravenously, for insomnia, on the night of Jackson's death. He claimed that he tried treating him with other drugs and that he only administered the propofol after Jackson insisted, according to a police affidavit.[14] Murray said he worried that Jackson had become dependent on the drug to get to sleep and was trying to wean him from it.[16][17] Though any FDA-approved drug can be used off-label in a responsible manner that is medically appropriate for their patient,[18] the indicated use for propofol is for anesthesia—not as a sleep aid—and is therefore properly given in a hospital or a clinical setting with close monitoring. Accordingly, propofol is supposed to be administered on the orders of an anesthesiologist, critical care physician (intensivist), or an emergency medicine physician who received extensive training in the use and monitoring of anesthetics; Murray had no such specialty training.
In February 2011, Murray was formally charged with involuntary manslaughter.[19] On September 27, 2011, Murray went on trial in Los Angeles and was convicted of involuntary manslaughter on November 7, 2011. His bail was revoked and he was remanded to custody pending his November 29 sentencing date. He received the maximum penalty of four years in prison. His Texas medical license was revoked, and his California and Nevada licenses were suspended.[20] After serving two years, Murray was released on parole on October 28, 2013.[21]
Jackson's father, Joe Jackson, filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Murray in 2010[22] but dropped it in 2012.[23] Also in 2010, Jackson's mother, Katherine Jackson, and three children, filed a separate wrongful death suit against AEG, claiming that the company was negligent in hiring Murray; the jury decided in favor of AEG in 2013.[24]
In 2016, Inside Edition reported that Murray was "still visiting patients," although Murray claimed that he does not charge patients anything for his services, that he is only "providing a consultation" without prescribing medication, and that therefore he "is not breaking the law".[25]
References edit
- ^ a b Duke, Alan (December 19, 2012). "Michael Jackson doctor Conrad Murray seeks bail while waiting on appeal". CNN. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
Murray is a naturalized U.S. citizen with children in the United States
- ^ a b c d . A & E Television Networks. 2011. Archived from the original on January 29, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ Connelly, Chris (July 2, 2009). "Michael Jackson Overexerted Himself in Tour Rehearsal, Insiders Say". ABC News.
- ^ Whitcraft, Teri (July 25, 2010). "Promoter and Conrad Murray Had No Contract". ABC News.
- ^ Goldman, Russell (August 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson Doc Conrad Murray Never Got Paid Prior to Singer's Death". ABC News.
- ^ Rabin, Nathan (November 27, 2018). "This Is It!—the memoir of Michael Jackson's doctor—is a morbidly fascinating train wreck". AV Club.
- ^ Vincent, Alice (November 27, 2018). "Conrad Murray and Michael Jackson - what we learnt from the doctor's terrible book". Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ "Michael Jackson's Doctor Conrad Murray Opens Medical Institute 12 Years After Involuntary Manslaughter Conviction". people.com.
- ^ "Conrad Murray Fast Facts". CNN. April 3, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ Ackerman, Todd (February 8, 2010). "The contradictory life of Michael Jackson's doctor". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ Mikulan, Steven (January 7, 2011). "Michael Jackson, Conrad Murray and the Stripper". the wrap.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ Ryan, Harriet (January 11, 2011). "Women tell of relationships with Dr. Conrad Murray". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Allen, Nick (October 8, 2011). "Michael Jackson doctor Conrad Murray in trouble over child support". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ a b McKinley, James (September 26, 2009). "Differing Sides of Physician Who Tended to Jackson". The New York Times.
- ^ Fletcher, Dan (August 26, 2009). . Time. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009.
- ^ a b "Coroner's preliminary finding: Jackson overdosed on propofol". CNN. August 24, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2019
- ^ Irvine, Chris (August 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson: who is Dr Conrad Murray?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ Beck, James M.; Azari, Elizabeth D. (1998). "FDA, Off-Label Use, and Informed Consent: Debunking Myths and Misconceptions" (PDF). Food and Drug Law Journal. 53 (1): 76–80. PMID 11795338. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
- ^ Ryan, Harriet (January 26, 2011). "Michael Jackson's doctor, Conrad Murray, pleads not guilty in the singer's death". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Duke, Alan (November 30, 2011) Conrad Murray sentenced to four years behind bars, CNN, Retrieved June 24, 2016.
- ^ Duke, Alan (October 28, 2013) Conrad Murray completes jail time for killing Michael Jackson CNN, Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ "Joe Jackson Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Dr. Conrad Murray". Fox News. June 25, 2010.
- ^ Michael Jackson's Father Drops Wrongful Death Suit Against Conrad Murray. RollingStone.com. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
- ^ Mohney, G. (October 18, 2013). "Michael Jackson's Former Doctor Conrad Murray Released From Jail". ABCNews.com. from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
- ^ "Michael Jackson's Doctor Conrad Murray Is Still Visiting Patients After Losing Medical License". Inside Edition. May 20, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2019.