fbpx
Wikipedia

Congregation Tifereth Israel (Queens)

December 18, 2023

For similarly named synagogues, see Tifereth Israel.

Congregation Tifereth Israel ("Splendor of Israel") is an Orthodox synagogue located in the Corona section of Queens, New York.[4] It was founded by Ashkenazi Jews who had moved to Queens from Manhattan's Lower East Side.[1] Estée Lauder and her parents were early members.[1][5]

Congregation Tifereth Israel
Congregation Tifereth Israel synagogue
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism
StatusActive
Location
Location109-18 and 109-20 54th Ave.,
Corona, Queens,
New York City, United States
Geographic coordinates40°44′32″N 73°51′11″W / 40.7422°N 73.853°W / 40.7422; -73.853
Architecture
Architect(s)Crescent L. Varrone[1]
StyleGothic Revival, Moorish Revival[1]
Completed1911[1]
Materialswood frame, clapboard siding,
stucco[1]
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Added to NRHPNovember 21, 2002[2][3]
NRHP Reference no.02001357[3]

The congregation constructed its synagogue building in 1911, a wooden Gothic and Moorish revival structure designed by Crescent L. Varrone, and modeled after the narrow tenement synagogues built on Manhattan's Lower East Side.[1] The walls were later stuccoed.[6] Neighborhood demographics changed, and most Jews moved away starting in the 1970s.[7] By the 1990s, the remaining congregation was aged, and had difficulty paying for synagogue repairs and finding enough men for a prayer quorum.[8]

Bukharan Jews began moving to Corona in the 1990s, and in the mid-1990s began worshiping in Tifereth Israel's basement. Disputes between the old congregation and the Bukharan Jews and their new rabbi came to a head in 1997.[8] Lawsuits in rabbinical and state courts led to the Bukharan congregation taking over the synagogue.[8][9][10] The building deteriorated, and by 2008 was in need of $1.4 million in exterior repairs alone.[9]

As of 2010, the New York Landmarks Conservancy had begun $1.5 million in restoration work.[5][11] Tifereth Israel's building was the oldest structure built as a synagogue in Queens,[1][5] and the oldest synagogue building in Queens continuously used for worship.[6][9]

Early history edit

The congregation was founded in 1906 or 1907 as "Congregation Independent Chevra Tyfers Israel Anshei Corona" to accommodate Ashkenazi Jews who had moved to Queens from Manhattan's Lower East Side.[1][2][4] It was known informally as the "Home Street Synagogue", after the original name of the street on which it is located.[4]

At the time, most synagogues used the word "Anshei" (Hebrew for "people of") in their names to designate the city or region in Europe from which their members originated. Tifereth Israel, however, used the term "Anshei Corona" to indicate that it was their new neighborhood of Corona, Queens that united the synagogue members. The Articles of Incorporation stated that the congregation's intent was "[t]o have a synagogue for the purposes of praying, to bury their dead, and to advance its members spiritually and intellectually."[2] When the synagogue was founded, approximately 20,000 of New York City's 1.5 million Jews lived in Queens, and Corona had two Jewish neighborhoods.[1] Estée Lauder (née Josephine Esther Mentzer) and her parents were early members;[1][5] her parents owned a hardware store two blocks from the synagogue.[4]

In 1911, the congregation constructed a synagogue building on a 20-by-100-foot (6.1 m × 30.5 m) lot at the corner of 54th Avenue.[10] It was modeled after the synagogues built on Manhattan's Lower East Side, which had to be squeezed into narrow tenement lots. The two-story building, designed by Crescent L. Varrone, was wood framed, and "combined Gothic and Moorish design with Judaic ornament: pointed-arched windows, a roundel with a Star of David in colored glass, and a gabled parapet". The stoop, railing and clapboard siding were originally wood; the porch was later redone in brick with an iron railing, and the siding was covered with stucco. The facade was tripartite, consisting of a large central entrance-way and two smaller flanking towers.[1] The basement was used for classes, including Hebrew lessons for Bar Mitzvah boys.[10] A later addition on the same lot was a mikveh (ritual bath).[4] The porch was later redone in brick with an iron railing, and the siding was covered with stucco.[1] The latter, however, created problems; the stucco retained moisture, damaging the underlying wood.[6]

Yeshiva edit

At one time the congregation opened an associated yeshiva on 53rd Avenue.[1][4] It closed in the 1970s, and was converted into a music studio and residence. The American entertainer Madonna lived there in 1979 and 1980.[1]

Changing demographics edit

Corona's Orthodox community once had four synagogues. The demographics of the neighborhood changed over the decades, with successive immigrant waves first of Italians in the 1930s and 40s, then Hispanics, then blacks.[7][12] Most Jews moved to Long Island in the 1970s.[7] While Tifereth Israel still had a large membership in the 1960s,[10] it subsequently dwindled, and by the 1990s the synagogue building had deteriorated and was mostly unused.[1][2] Along with a bakery, it was one of two original Jewish institutions left in Corona.[7] By 1997, the congregation had little money, and difficulty both paying for necessary repairs, and getting the ten men required for a minyan.[8]

Bukharan Jews started moving to Corona in the 1990s. Five Bukharan Jewish families moved to LeFrak City in 1991; this number had grown to over 500 by 1995, and nearby apartment buildings held hundreds more.[7] Bukharan Jews began worshiping at Tifereth Israel in the mid-1990s,[1][2] holding their own services in the synagogue basement.[8] Despite the fact that Tifereth Israel was an Ashkenazi synagogue, and the Bukharan Jews followed Sephardic law and customs, the groups initially co-existed peacefully. Conflict arose, however, in the spring of 1997, after Amnun Khaimov arrived as the Bukharans' rabbi. According to then-synagogue-president, 82-year-old Benjamin Fried, "They came and wanted to take the place over".[8] Tifereth Israel's members wanted the Bukharans to help pay for the synagogue's upkeep,[7] but Khaimov said that Bukharans were poor and could not afford to do so.[8] Irwin Goldstein, who in 1997 had been Tifereth Israel's cantor for eight years, felt that "the rabbi's overwhelming presence, and followers, threaten[ed] to drown what remain[ed] of the Ashkenazic tradition at the synagogue". They believed that the Bukharans were hoping to start praying in the main sanctuary, relegating Tifereth Israel's members to the basement. Questions were also raised about Khaimov himself; all agreed he was qualified as a ritual slaughterer, but some doubted his rabbinic credentials. Yitzchak Yehoshua, the Chief Rabbi of the Bukharan Rabbinical Council of America, stated "I think he is a good butcher maybe, but he is no rabbi".[7]

Fried began giving them access to the synagogue only on Shabbat and the Jewish holidays, and locking them out otherwise. In response, Violet Milne, a synagogue member and Holocaust survivor, filed lawsuits in the Greater Queens Rabbinical Court and the State Supreme Court on behalf of the Bukharans. The Rabbinical Court ruled that the synagogue had to remain open to all worshipers, and any available money must be used for repairs; on September 24, the State Supreme Court upheld that ruling.[8] Khaimov and his congregation took over the synagogue.[9][10]

Building deterioration and renovation edit

The Sacred Sites program of the New York Landmarks Conservancy began working with the synagogue in 1999. It granted Tifereth Israel $4,700 to conduct an exterior and interior survey,[10] and $10,000 in 2002 for exterior repairs.[6] Though its appearance had changed considerably since it was constructed in 1911, according to Sacred Sites director Ann Friedman, the building was "a time capsule that is beautifully intact and in an unexpected place where there is new construction and housing all around". She stated that the Conservancy has also "paired the synagogue with a hotel developer who had been instrumental in restoring several upper West Side synagogues, and he just sent them $5,000 for their roof."[10] The Queens Historical Society labeled it a "Queensmark" in 1999,[13] and the synagogue building and rabbi's residence were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 2002,[2][3] the first synagogue in Queens to be listed.[10]

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated it as a city landmark in February 2008.[1][4] One of two synagogues left in Corona,[4] its interior was "substantially intact", and a number of its "distinctive architectural features" remained, "including its original windows, decorative wood ornament, and Moorish pressed metal details".[14] By this time, however, the building had further deteriorated; it had termites, it leaked, the paint was peeling, and in January 2008 the basement ceiling collapsed. Friedman estimated exterior repairs alone would cost $1.4 million.[9] The congregation had been allocated over $1 million by both New York City and New York State,[9] including $700,000 capital funding from the Borough President's Office, and a $200,000 matching State grant.[6] Legal issues impeded its ability to collect them, because it was a privately owned, religious non-profit organization.[9] At the time, the rabbi's wife estimated that the congregation had 50 member families.[6]

In 2010, according to the Conservancy, it had provided the synagogue with "$30,000 in direct grants and an additional $100,000 in pass-through funding". Funding had also been secured from the "State Environmental Protection Fund, The New York Community Trust and the families of Ronald and Leonard Lauder".[11] It described the building as a "rare survival" of New York's wooden, vernacular synagogue architecture,[11] A $275,000 gift from philanthropist Arnold Goldstein enabled the commencement of $1.5 million in restoration work.[5][11] The Conservancy stated the restoration would "remove the present stucco coating and restore the original wood clapboard siding, wood windows and doors, Moorish-style metal domes and finials, and historic paint colors to this important building, returning it to its appearance of a century ago".[11] Tifereth Israel's building is the oldest structure built as a synagogue in Queens,[1][5] and it is the oldest synagogue building in Queens continuously used for worship.[6][9] In 2020, the New York Landmarks Conservancy awarded the synagogue a $10,000 Sacred Site Grant for weather proofing the facility.[15]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Chan (2008).
  2. ^ a b c d e f Heritage Matters (June 2003), pp. 11–12.
  3. ^ a b c Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 11/18/02 through 11/22/02, National Park Service website.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Bertrand (2008).
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Conservancy holds exclusive tour of historic Queens Synagogues", New York Landmarks Conservancy website.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Fertoli (2008).
  7. ^ a b c d e f g LeDuff (November 16, 1997).
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h LeDuff (October 12, 1997).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Santucci (2008).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Baskhinsky (2002).
  11. ^ a b c d e "Gift Allows Restoration of Oldest Queens Synagogue", New York Landmarks Conservancy website.
  12. ^ Israelowitz (2004), p. 121.
  13. ^ Hirshon (2008).
  14. ^ Morokuma (2008).
  15. ^ "Congregation Tifereth Israel in Corona selected by New York Landmarks Conservancy for a $10K grant". QNS.com. Retrieved 2020-01-15.

Citations edit

  • Bashinsky, Ruth. "Temple to be landmark Tifereth Israel is first in Queens so honored"[permanent dead link], Daily News, August 4, 2002.
  • Bertrand, Donald. "Tifereth Israel synagogue receives landmark status from city", Daily News, February 18, 2008.
  • Chan, Sewell. "Landmark Status for 1911 Queens Synagogue", City Room, The New York Times, February 12, 2008.
  • Fertoli, Annmarie. "Corona Synagogue Faces Landmark Vote Feb. 12"[permanent dead link], Queens Chronicle, January 24, 2008.
  • , New York Landmarks Conservancy website. Accessed November 11, 2010.
  • ""Section III: State Initiatives"" (PDF). (844 KB), Heritage Matters, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, June 2003.
  • Hirshon, Nicholas. "Queensmarks committee mulls return", Daily News, April 1, 2008.
  • Israelowitz, Oscar. Oscar Israelowitz's guide to Jewish New York City, Israelowitz Publishing, 2004. ISBN 978-1-878741-62-2
  • , New York Landmarks Conservancy website. Accessed November 11, 2010.
  • LeDuff, Charlie. "Neighborhood report: Corona; New Worshipers Are Bane, Not Balm, for Old Synagogue", The New York Times, October 12, 1997.
  • LeDuff, Charlie. "The Rabbi's Lost Tribe", The New York Times, November 16, 1997.
  • Morokuma, Benika. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-17. (39.7 KB), Testimony of the Municipal Art Society Before the Landmarks Preservation Commission, Municipal Art Society of New York website, January 15, 2008. Accessed November 11, 2010.
  • Santucci, Christina. , The Queens Courier, January 23, 2008.
  • Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 11/18/02 through 11/22/02, National Park Service website. Accessed November 11, 2010.

External links edit

December 18, 2023
congregation, tifereth, israel, queens, similarly, named, synagogues, tifereth, israel, congregation, tifereth, israel, splendor, israel, orthodox, synagogue, located, corona, section, queens, york, founded, ashkenazi, jews, moved, queens, from, manhattan, low. For similarly named synagogues see Tifereth Israel Congregation Tifereth Israel Splendor of Israel is an Orthodox synagogue located in the Corona section of Queens New York 4 It was founded by Ashkenazi Jews who had moved to Queens from Manhattan s Lower East Side 1 Estee Lauder and her parents were early members 1 5 Congregation Tifereth IsraelCongregation Tifereth Israel synagogueReligionAffiliationOrthodox JudaismStatusActiveLocationLocation109 18 and 109 20 54th Ave Corona Queens New York City United StatesGeographic coordinates40 44 32 N 73 51 11 W 40 7422 N 73 853 W 40 7422 73 853ArchitectureArchitect s Crescent L Varrone 1 StyleGothic Revival Moorish Revival 1 Completed1911 1 Materialswood frame clapboard siding stucco 1 U S National Register of Historic PlacesAdded to NRHPNovember 21 2002 2 3 NRHP Reference no 02001357 3 The congregation constructed its synagogue building in 1911 a wooden Gothic and Moorish revival structure designed by Crescent L Varrone and modeled after the narrow tenement synagogues built on Manhattan s Lower East Side 1 The walls were later stuccoed 6 Neighborhood demographics changed and most Jews moved away starting in the 1970s 7 By the 1990s the remaining congregation was aged and had difficulty paying for synagogue repairs and finding enough men for a prayer quorum 8 Bukharan Jews began moving to Corona in the 1990s and in the mid 1990s began worshiping in Tifereth Israel s basement Disputes between the old congregation and the Bukharan Jews and their new rabbi came to a head in 1997 8 Lawsuits in rabbinical and state courts led to the Bukharan congregation taking over the synagogue 8 9 10 The building deteriorated and by 2008 was in need of 1 4 million in exterior repairs alone 9 As of 2010 update the New York Landmarks Conservancy had begun 1 5 million in restoration work 5 11 Tifereth Israel s building was the oldest structure built as a synagogue in Queens 1 5 and the oldest synagogue building in Queens continuously used for worship 6 9 Contents 1 Early history 2 Yeshiva 3 Changing demographics 4 Building deterioration and renovation 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 7 External linksEarly history editThe congregation was founded in 1906 or 1907 as Congregation Independent Chevra Tyfers Israel Anshei Corona to accommodate Ashkenazi Jews who had moved to Queens from Manhattan s Lower East Side 1 2 4 It was known informally as the Home Street Synagogue after the original name of the street on which it is located 4 At the time most synagogues used the word Anshei Hebrew for people of in their names to designate the city or region in Europe from which their members originated Tifereth Israel however used the term Anshei Corona to indicate that it was their new neighborhood of Corona Queens that united the synagogue members The Articles of Incorporation stated that the congregation s intent was t o have a synagogue for the purposes of praying to bury their dead and to advance its members spiritually and intellectually 2 When the synagogue was founded approximately 20 000 of New York City s 1 5 million Jews lived in Queens and Corona had two Jewish neighborhoods 1 Estee Lauder nee Josephine Esther Mentzer and her parents were early members 1 5 her parents owned a hardware store two blocks from the synagogue 4 In 1911 the congregation constructed a synagogue building on a 20 by 100 foot 6 1 m 30 5 m lot at the corner of 54th Avenue 10 It was modeled after the synagogues built on Manhattan s Lower East Side which had to be squeezed into narrow tenement lots The two story building designed by Crescent L Varrone was wood framed and combined Gothic and Moorish design with Judaic ornament pointed arched windows a roundel with a Star of David in colored glass and a gabled parapet The stoop railing and clapboard siding were originally wood the porch was later redone in brick with an iron railing and the siding was covered with stucco The facade was tripartite consisting of a large central entrance way and two smaller flanking towers 1 The basement was used for classes including Hebrew lessons for Bar Mitzvah boys 10 A later addition on the same lot was a mikveh ritual bath 4 The porch was later redone in brick with an iron railing and the siding was covered with stucco 1 The latter however created problems the stucco retained moisture damaging the underlying wood 6 Yeshiva editAt one time the congregation opened an associated yeshiva on 53rd Avenue 1 4 It closed in the 1970s and was converted into a music studio and residence The American entertainer Madonna lived there in 1979 and 1980 1 Changing demographics editCorona s Orthodox community once had four synagogues The demographics of the neighborhood changed over the decades with successive immigrant waves first of Italians in the 1930s and 40s then Hispanics then blacks 7 12 Most Jews moved to Long Island in the 1970s 7 While Tifereth Israel still had a large membership in the 1960s 10 it subsequently dwindled and by the 1990s the synagogue building had deteriorated and was mostly unused 1 2 Along with a bakery it was one of two original Jewish institutions left in Corona 7 By 1997 the congregation had little money and difficulty both paying for necessary repairs and getting the ten men required for a minyan 8 Bukharan Jews started moving to Corona in the 1990s Five Bukharan Jewish families moved to LeFrak City in 1991 this number had grown to over 500 by 1995 and nearby apartment buildings held hundreds more 7 Bukharan Jews began worshiping at Tifereth Israel in the mid 1990s 1 2 holding their own services in the synagogue basement 8 Despite the fact that Tifereth Israel was an Ashkenazi synagogue and the Bukharan Jews followed Sephardic law and customs the groups initially co existed peacefully Conflict arose however in the spring of 1997 after Amnun Khaimov arrived as the Bukharans rabbi According to then synagogue president 82 year old Benjamin Fried They came and wanted to take the place over 8 Tifereth Israel s members wanted the Bukharans to help pay for the synagogue s upkeep 7 but Khaimov said that Bukharans were poor and could not afford to do so 8 Irwin Goldstein who in 1997 had been Tifereth Israel s cantor for eight years felt that the rabbi s overwhelming presence and followers threaten ed to drown what remain ed of the Ashkenazic tradition at the synagogue They believed that the Bukharans were hoping to start praying in the main sanctuary relegating Tifereth Israel s members to the basement Questions were also raised about Khaimov himself all agreed he was qualified as a ritual slaughterer but some doubted his rabbinic credentials Yitzchak Yehoshua the Chief Rabbi of the Bukharan Rabbinical Council of America stated I think he is a good butcher maybe but he is no rabbi 7 Fried began giving them access to the synagogue only on Shabbat and the Jewish holidays and locking them out otherwise In response Violet Milne a synagogue member and Holocaust survivor filed lawsuits in the Greater Queens Rabbinical Court and the State Supreme Court on behalf of the Bukharans The Rabbinical Court ruled that the synagogue had to remain open to all worshipers and any available money must be used for repairs on September 24 the State Supreme Court upheld that ruling 8 Khaimov and his congregation took over the synagogue 9 10 Building deterioration and renovation editThe Sacred Sites program of the New York Landmarks Conservancy began working with the synagogue in 1999 It granted Tifereth Israel 4 700 to conduct an exterior and interior survey 10 and 10 000 in 2002 for exterior repairs 6 Though its appearance had changed considerably since it was constructed in 1911 according to Sacred Sites director Ann Friedman the building was a time capsule that is beautifully intact and in an unexpected place where there is new construction and housing all around She stated that the Conservancy has also paired the synagogue with a hotel developer who had been instrumental in restoring several upper West Side synagogues and he just sent them 5 000 for their roof 10 The Queens Historical Society labeled it a Queensmark in 1999 13 and the synagogue building and rabbi s residence were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21 2002 2 3 the first synagogue in Queens to be listed 10 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated it as a city landmark in February 2008 1 4 One of two synagogues left in Corona 4 its interior was substantially intact and a number of its distinctive architectural features remained including its original windows decorative wood ornament and Moorish pressed metal details 14 By this time however the building had further deteriorated it had termites it leaked the paint was peeling and in January 2008 the basement ceiling collapsed Friedman estimated exterior repairs alone would cost 1 4 million 9 The congregation had been allocated over 1 million by both New York City and New York State 9 including 700 000 capital funding from the Borough President s Office and a 200 000 matching State grant 6 Legal issues impeded its ability to collect them because it was a privately owned religious non profit organization 9 At the time the rabbi s wife estimated that the congregation had 50 member families 6 In 2010 according to the Conservancy it had provided the synagogue with 30 000 in direct grants and an additional 100 000 in pass through funding Funding had also been secured from the State Environmental Protection Fund The New York Community Trust and the families of Ronald and Leonard Lauder 11 It described the building as a rare survival of New York s wooden vernacular synagogue architecture 11 A 275 000 gift from philanthropist Arnold Goldstein enabled the commencement of 1 5 million in restoration work 5 11 The Conservancy stated the restoration would remove the present stucco coating and restore the original wood clapboard siding wood windows and doors Moorish style metal domes and finials and historic paint colors to this important building returning it to its appearance of a century ago 11 Tifereth Israel s building is the oldest structure built as a synagogue in Queens 1 5 and it is the oldest synagogue building in Queens continuously used for worship 6 9 In 2020 the New York Landmarks Conservancy awarded the synagogue a 10 000 Sacred Site Grant for weather proofing the facility 15 See also editList of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens County New YorkReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Chan 2008 a b c d e f Heritage Matters June 2003 pp 11 12 a b c Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties 11 18 02 through 11 22 02 National Park Service website a b c d e f g h Bertrand 2008 a b c d e f Conservancy holds exclusive tour of historic Queens Synagogues New York Landmarks Conservancy website a b c d e f g Fertoli 2008 a b c d e f g LeDuff November 16 1997 a b c d e f g h LeDuff October 12 1997 a b c d e f g h Santucci 2008 a b c d e f g h Baskhinsky 2002 a b c d e Gift Allows Restoration of Oldest Queens Synagogue New York Landmarks Conservancy website Israelowitz 2004 p 121 Hirshon 2008 Morokuma 2008 Congregation Tifereth Israel in Corona selected by New York Landmarks Conservancy for a 10K grant QNS com Retrieved 2020 01 15 Citations edit Bashinsky Ruth Temple to be landmark Tifereth Israel is first in Queens so honored permanent dead link Daily News August 4 2002 Bertrand Donald Tifereth Israel synagogue receives landmark status from city Daily News February 18 2008 Chan Sewell Landmark Status for 1911 Queens Synagogue City Room The New York Times February 12 2008 Fertoli Annmarie Corona Synagogue Faces Landmark Vote Feb 12 permanent dead link Queens Chronicle January 24 2008 Gift Allows Restoration of Oldest Queens Synagogue New York Landmarks Conservancy website Accessed November 11 2010 Section III State Initiatives PDF 844 KB Heritage Matters National Park Service United States Department of the Interior June 2003 Hirshon Nicholas Queensmarks committee mulls return Daily News April 1 2008 Israelowitz Oscar Oscar Israelowitz s guide to Jewish New York City Israelowitz Publishing 2004 ISBN 978 1 878741 62 2 Conservancy holds exclusive tour of historic Queens Synagogues New York Landmarks Conservancy website Accessed November 11 2010 LeDuff Charlie Neighborhood report Corona New Worshipers Are Bane Not Balm for Old Synagogue The New York Times October 12 1997 LeDuff Charlie The Rabbi s Lost Tribe The New York Times November 16 1997 Morokuma Benika Congregation Tifereth Israel Borough of Queens PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 09 17 39 7 KB Testimony of the Municipal Art Society Before the Landmarks Preservation Commission Municipal Art Society of New York website January 15 2008 Accessed November 11 2010 Santucci Christina Corona synagogue could be landmarked The Queens Courier January 23 2008 Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties 11 18 02 through 11 22 02 National Park Service website Accessed November 11 2010 External links editCongregation Tifereth Israel Corona Queens New York Landmarks Conservancy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Congregation Tifereth Israel Queens amp oldid 1059213013, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.