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Anne Claude de Caylus

February 07, 2023

Anne Claude de Tubières-Grimoard de Pestels de Lévis, comte de Caylus, marquis d'Esternay, baron de Bransac (Anne Claude Philippe; 31 October, 1692 – 5 September 1765),[1] was a French antiquarian, proto-archaeologist and man of letters.

Anne Claude de Caylus
Born(1692-10-31)31 October 1692
Paris
Died5 September 1765(1765-09-05) (aged 72)
NationalityFrench
Scientific career
Fieldsantiquarian
archaeologist

Born in Paris, he was the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Anne de Tubières, comte de Caylus.[2] His mother, Marthe-Marguerite de Villette de Mursay, comtesse de Caylus (1673–1729), was the daughter of vice-admiral Philippe, Marquis de Villette-Mursay. His younger brother was Charles de Tubières de Caylus, who became a naval officer and governor of Martinique.[3]

He was a cousin of Mme de Maintenon, who brought Marthe-Marguerite up like her own daughter. Marthe-Marguerite wrote valuable Souvenirs of the court of Louis XIV; these were edited by Voltaire (1770), and by many later editors.[2]

Career

While a young man, Caylus distinguished himself in the campaigns of the French army, from 1709 to 1714. After the peace of Rastatt (1714) he spent some time in travelling in Italy, Greece, the Levant, England and Germany, and devoted much attention to the study and collection of antiquities. He became an active member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture and of the Académie des Inscriptions. Chief among his antiquarian works must be the profusely illustrated Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques, romaines et gauloises (6 vols., Paris, 1752–1755),[2][a] which was mined by the designers of Neoclassical arts for the rest of the century.[citation needed] His Numismata Aurea Imperatorum Romanorum, treats only the gold coinage of the Roman emperors, those worthy of collection by a grand seigneur. His concentration on the object itself marked a step towards modern connoisseurship, and in his Mémoire (1755) on the method of encaustic painting, the ancient technique of painting with wax as a medium mentioned by Pliny the Elder, he claimed to have rediscovered the method. Denis Diderot, who was no friend to Caylus, maintained that the proper method had been found by J.-B. Bachelier.[2]

 
Caylus in Receuil d'Antiquités, Book 7, 1767

Caylus was an admirable and prolific etcher. He worked chiefly from drawings by Italian and French masters, including examples from the collection of Pierre Crozat and the Cabinet du Roi (the collection of the King); he also made many etchings from drawings by his friend Antoine Watteau and the sculptor Edmé Bouchardon.[4] He caused engravings to be made, at his own expense, of Bartoli's copies from ancient pictures. His publications Nouveaux sujets de peinture et de sculpture (1755) and Tableaux tirés de l'Iliade, de l'Odyssée, et de l'Enéide (1757)[2] consist of descriptions of subjects from classical literature for the inspiration of contemporary artists and their patrons.

His cultural interests were not confined to the arts of Classical Antiquity but extended to Gallic monuments, such as the megaliths of Aurille (Poitou), of which he commissioned drawings in 1762.[citation needed]

He encouraged artists whose reputations were still in the making, and befriended the connoisseur and collector of prints and drawings Pierre-Jean Mariette when Mariette was only twenty-two, but his patronage was somewhat capricious. Diderot expressed this fact in an epigram in his Salon of 1765: "Death has delivered us from the cruellest of connoisseurs."[b] Caylus had quite another side to his character. He had a thorough acquaintance with the gayest and most disreputable sides of Parisian life, and left a number of more or less witty stories dealing with it. These were collected (Amsterdam, 1787) as his Œuvres badines complètes. The best of them is the Histoire de M. Guillaume, cocher (c. 1730).[2] His Contes, hovering between French fairy tales and oriental fantasies, between conventional charm and moral satire, have been collected and were published in 2005;[5] they were originally published as les Féeries nouvelles (1741), les Contes orientaux (1743), Cinq contes de fées (1745), plus two posthumous stories published in 1775.[6]

The Souvenirs du comte de Caylus, published in 1805, is of very doubtful authenticity. See also E. and J. de Goncourt, Portraits intimes du XVIIIième siècle; Charles Nisard's edition of the Correspondance du comte de Caylus avec le père Paciaudi (1877); and a notice by O. Uzanne prefixed to a volume of his Facties (1879).[2]

Items of Caylus' collection

Fairy tales

Folklorist Andrew Lang published some of Comte de Caylus's tales in his book The Green Fairy Book, as part of his collection of color fairy books. These are:

  • Rosanella (Rosanie)[9]
  • Heart of Ice (Le prince Courtebotte et la princesse Zibeline)[10]
  • Sylvain and Jocosa (Tourlou et Rirette)[11]
  • The Yellow Bird (L'Oiseau Jaune) – inserted in the narrative of Sylvain and Jocosa[12]
  • Fairy Gifts (Les dons)[13]

The following tales were also published by Andrew Lang, but without the proper authorship:

  • Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla (La Princesse Pimprenella et Le Prince Romarin)[14]
  • Prince Featherhead and the Princess Celandine (Le Prince Muguet et la Princesse Zaza)[15]
  • Prince Vivien and the Princess Placida (Nonchalante et Papillon)[16]

British dramatist James Planché also translated the following of de Caylus's tales into English:

  • Princess Minute and King Floridor (La princesse Minutie et le roi Floridor)[17]
  • The Impossible Enchantment (L'enchantement impossible)[18]
  • Bleuette and Coquelicot (Bleuette et Coquelicot)[19]

The tale Mignonette was also translated into English as Prince Chaffinch.[20]

Works

  • Caylus. Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques et romaines. Tome 1.
  • Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques, romaines et gauloises : Tome cinquième (1762)

Notes

  1. ^ Caylus website (French).
  2. ^ "La mort nous a délivré du plus cruel des amateurs."

References

  1. ^ BNF 11895648d
  2. ^ a b c d e f g   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Caylus, Anne Claude de Lévis". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 590.
  3. ^ Garric, Alain, "Charles DE TUBIÉRES DE CAYLUS", Geneanet (in French), retrieved 29 August 2018
  4. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Estampes et des Photographies, Inventaire du fonds français, graveurs du XVIIIe siècle, t. 4 (1940), pp. 53-155, lists 576 prints and suites of prints by Caylus.
  5. ^ Caylus 2005.
  6. ^ Perrin, Jean-François (2006). "Comte de Caylus, Contes". Féeries. 3 (3): 382–387. doi:10.4000/feeries.175. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  7. ^ Warburton, William (1765). The Divine legation of Moses demonstrated ... London : Printed for A. Millar and J. and R. Tonson. pp. 100-115.
  8. ^ Caylus. Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques et romaines. Tome 1. p. Planche XXVI.
  9. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 48–55.
  10. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 106–136.
  11. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 56–63.
  12. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 59–63.
  13. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 64–67.
  14. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 68–84.
  15. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 85–99.
  16. ^ Lang, Andrew. The Green Fairy Book. Longmans, Green. 1892. pp. 238–261.
  17. ^ Planché, J. R. (James Robinson), et al.. Four And Twenty Fairy Tales: Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers. London: G. Routledge & Co., 1858. pp. 329–335. [1]
  18. ^ Planché, J. R. (James Robinson), et al.. Four And Twenty Fairy Tales: Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers. London: G. Routledge & Co., 1858. pp. 336–357. [2]
  19. ^ Planché, J. R. (James Robinson), et al.. Four And Twenty Fairy Tales: Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers. London: G. Routledge & Co., 1858. pp. 358–374. [3]
  20. ^ Montalba, Anthony Reubens. Fairy Tales From All Nations. New York: Harper, 1850. pp. 73–104. [4]
  • Caylus, Anne (2005). Boch, Julie (ed.). Contes (in French). Paris: Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-1198-6.
  • Three of his essays were anthologized in Charles Harrison, et al., 2001. Art In Theory 1648-1815: An Anthology of Changing Ideas (Blackwell): "On Drawings" (1732), "The Life of Antoine Watteau" (1748), and "On Composition" (1750).

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anne Claude de Caylus.

Sources

  • Leonardo da Vinci: anatomical drawings from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Caylus's da Vinci collection (see index)
  • Contes orientaux / Oriental Tales at HathiTrust

February 07, 2023
anne, claude, caylus, anne, claude, tubières, grimoard, pestels, lévis, comte, caylus, marquis, esternay, baron, bransac, anne, claude, philippe, october, 1692, september, 1765, french, antiquarian, proto, archaeologist, letters, count, caylus, alexander, rosl. Anne Claude de Tubieres Grimoard de Pestels de Levis comte de Caylus marquis d Esternay baron de Bransac Anne Claude Philippe 31 October 1692 5 September 1765 1 was a French antiquarian proto archaeologist and man of letters Anne Claude de CaylusCount de Caylus by Alexander Roslin National Museum WarsawBorn 1692 10 31 31 October 1692ParisDied5 September 1765 1765 09 05 aged 72 NationalityFrenchScientific careerFieldsantiquarianarchaeologistBorn in Paris he was the eldest son of Lieutenant General Anne de Tubieres comte de Caylus 2 His mother Marthe Marguerite de Villette de Mursay comtesse de Caylus 1673 1729 was the daughter of vice admiral Philippe Marquis de Villette Mursay His younger brother was Charles de Tubieres de Caylus who became a naval officer and governor of Martinique 3 He was a cousin of Mme de Maintenon who brought Marthe Marguerite up like her own daughter Marthe Marguerite wrote valuable Souvenirs of the court of Louis XIV these were edited by Voltaire 1770 and by many later editors 2 Contents 1 Career 1 1 Items of Caylus collection 1 2 Fairy tales 2 Works 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links 6 SourcesCareer EditWhile a young man Caylus distinguished himself in the campaigns of the French army from 1709 to 1714 After the peace of Rastatt 1714 he spent some time in travelling in Italy Greece the Levant England and Germany and devoted much attention to the study and collection of antiquities He became an active member of the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture and of the Academie des Inscriptions Chief among his antiquarian works must be the profusely illustrated Recueil d antiquites egyptiennes etrusques grecques romaines et gauloises 6 vols Paris 1752 1755 2 a which was mined by the designers of Neoclassical arts for the rest of the century citation needed His Numismata Aurea Imperatorum Romanorum treats only the gold coinage of the Roman emperors those worthy of collection by a grand seigneur His concentration on the object itself marked a step towards modern connoisseurship and in his Memoire 1755 on the method of encaustic painting the ancient technique of painting with wax as a medium mentioned by Pliny the Elder he claimed to have rediscovered the method Denis Diderot who was no friend to Caylus maintained that the proper method had been found by J B Bachelier 2 Caylus in Receuil d Antiquites Book 7 1767 Caylus was an admirable and prolific etcher He worked chiefly from drawings by Italian and French masters including examples from the collection of Pierre Crozat and the Cabinet du Roi the collection of the King he also made many etchings from drawings by his friend Antoine Watteau and the sculptor Edme Bouchardon 4 He caused engravings to be made at his own expense of Bartoli s copies from ancient pictures His publications Nouveaux sujets de peinture et de sculpture 1755 and Tableaux tires de l Iliade de l Odyssee et de l Eneide 1757 2 consist of descriptions of subjects from classical literature for the inspiration of contemporary artists and their patrons His cultural interests were not confined to the arts of Classical Antiquity but extended to Gallic monuments such as the megaliths of Aurille Poitou of which he commissioned drawings in 1762 citation needed He encouraged artists whose reputations were still in the making and befriended the connoisseur and collector of prints and drawings Pierre Jean Mariette when Mariette was only twenty two but his patronage was somewhat capricious Diderot expressed this fact in an epigram in his Salon of 1765 Death has delivered us from the cruellest of connoisseurs b Caylus had quite another side to his character He had a thorough acquaintance with the gayest and most disreputable sides of Parisian life and left a number of more or less witty stories dealing with it These were collected Amsterdam 1787 as his Œuvres badines completes The best of them is the Histoire de M Guillaume cocher c 1730 2 His Contes hovering between French fairy tales and oriental fantasies between conventional charm and moral satire have been collected and were published in 2005 5 they were originally published as les Feeries nouvelles 1741 les Contes orientaux 1743 Cinq contes de fees 1745 plus two posthumous stories published in 1775 6 The Souvenirs du comte de Caylus published in 1805 is of very doubtful authenticity See also E and J de Goncourt Portraits intimes du XVIIIieme siecle Charles Nisard s edition of the Correspondance du comte de Caylus avec le pere Paciaudi 1877 and a notice by O Uzanne prefixed to a volume of his Facties 1879 2 Items of Caylus collection Edit Illustration from the 1765 edition of The Divine Legation of Moses showing the theory of the Comte de Caylus on Egyptian hieroglyphics 7 8 Sphinx of Pharaoh Apries of the Twenty sixth Dynasty of Egypt from the collection of Count Caylus now at the Louvre The Caylus vase in the name of Xerxes I was key in the decipherment of cuneiform Now in the Cabinet des Medailles Transcription of hieroglyphs on an Egyptian statue by Count Caylus 1767 Fairy tales Edit Folklorist Andrew Lang published some of Comte de Caylus s tales in his book The Green Fairy Book as part of his collection of color fairy books These are Rosanella Rosanie 9 Heart of Ice Le prince Courtebotte et la princesse Zibeline 10 Sylvain and Jocosa Tourlou et Rirette 11 The Yellow Bird L Oiseau Jaune inserted in the narrative of Sylvain and Jocosa 12 Fairy Gifts Les dons 13 The following tales were also published by Andrew Lang but without the proper authorship Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla La Princesse Pimprenella et Le Prince Romarin 14 Prince Featherhead and the Princess Celandine Le Prince Muguet et la Princesse Zaza 15 Prince Vivien and the Princess Placida Nonchalante et Papillon 16 British dramatist James Planche also translated the following of de Caylus s tales into English Princess Minute and King Floridor La princesse Minutie et le roi Floridor 17 The Impossible Enchantment L enchantement impossible 18 Bleuette and Coquelicot Bleuette et Coquelicot 19 The tale Mignonette was also translated into English as Prince Chaffinch 20 Works EditCaylus Recueil d antiquites egyptiennes etrusques grecques et romaines Tome 1 Recueil d antiquites egyptiennes etrusques grecques romaines et gauloises Tome cinquieme 1762 Notes Edit Caylus website French La mort nous a delivre du plus cruel des amateurs References Edit BNF 11895648d a b c d e f g One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Caylus Anne Claude de Levis Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 5 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 590 Garric Alain Charles DE TUBIERES DE CAYLUS Geneanet in French retrieved 29 August 2018 Bibliotheque nationale de France Departement des Estampes et des Photographies Inventaire du fonds francais graveurs du XVIIIe siecle t 4 1940 pp 53 155 lists 576 prints and suites of prints by Caylus Caylus 2005 Perrin Jean Francois 2006 Comte de Caylus Contes Feeries 3 3 382 387 doi 10 4000 feeries 175 Retrieved 3 March 2019 Warburton William 1765 The Divine legation of Moses demonstrated London Printed for A Millar and J and R Tonson pp 100 115 Caylus Recueil d antiquites egyptiennes etrusques grecques et romaines Tome 1 p Planche XXVI Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 48 55 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 106 136 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 56 63 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 59 63 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 64 67 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 68 84 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 85 99 Lang Andrew The Green Fairy Book Longmans Green 1892 pp 238 261 Planche J R James Robinson et al Four And Twenty Fairy Tales Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers London G Routledge amp Co 1858 pp 329 335 1 Planche J R James Robinson et al Four And Twenty Fairy Tales Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers London G Routledge amp Co 1858 pp 336 357 2 Planche J R James Robinson et al Four And Twenty Fairy Tales Selected From Those of Perrault And Other Popular Writers London G Routledge amp Co 1858 pp 358 374 3 Montalba Anthony Reubens Fairy Tales From All Nations New York Harper 1850 pp 73 104 4 Caylus Anne 2005 Boch Julie ed Contes in French Paris Champion ISBN 978 2 7453 1198 6 Three of his essays were anthologized in Charles Harrison et al 2001 Art In Theory 1648 1815 An Anthology of Changing Ideas Blackwell On Drawings 1732 The Life of Antoine Watteau 1748 and On Composition 1750 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anne Claude de Caylus Sources EditLeonardo da Vinci anatomical drawings from the Royal Library Windsor Castle exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art which contains material on Caylus s da Vinci collection see index Contes orientaux Oriental Tales at HathiTrust Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anne Claude de Caylus amp oldid 1104693491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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