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Commissioners in Lunacy

December 15, 2023

The Commissioners in Lunacy or Lunacy Commission were a public body established by the Lunacy Act 1845 to oversee asylums and the welfare of mentally ill people in England and Wales. It succeeded the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy.

Previous bodies edit

The predecessors of the Commissioners in Lunacy were the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy, dating back to the Madhouses Act 1774, and established as such by the Madhouses Act 1828. By 1842 their remit had been extended from London to cover the whole country. The Lord Chancellor's jurisdiction over lunatics so found by writ of De Lunatico Inquirendo had been delegated to two Masters-in-Chancery. By the Lunacy Act 1842 (5&6 Vict. c.64), these were established as the Commissioners in Lunacy and after 1845 they were retitled Masters in Lunacy.[1]

Establishment edit

Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury was the head of the Commission from its founding in 1845 until his death in 1885.[2] The Lunacy Commission was made up of eleven Metropolitan Commissioners: three medical, three legal and five laymen.[3] The Commission was monumental as it was not only a full-time commission, but it was also salaried for six of its members. The six members of the commission who were full-time and salaried were the three members of the legal system and the three members of the medical community. The other five lay members of the commission were all honorary members who simply had to attend board meetings. The duty of the Commission was to carry out the provisions of the Act,[4] reporting to the Poor Law Commissioners (in the case of workhouses) and to the Lord Chancellor.[3] The first Secretary to the Commissioners was Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge, a barrister and uncle of Lewis Carroll.[5] He had previously been one of the Metropolitan Commissioners, and later become an Inspector of the Commission.[6][7] A Master in Lunacy ranked next after a Master in Chancery in the order of precedence.[8]

Asylums commissioned edit

The following asylums were commissioned under the auspices of the Commissioners in Lunacy (or their predecessors):[9][10]

English county asylums
"New" mental hospitals established later by Middlesex County Council

Note: The First Surrey County Asylum at Tooting (see above) was transferred to Middlesex County Council in 1888 and became the First Middlesex County Mental Hospital in the early 20th century

English borough asylums
Metropolitan Asylums Board asylums (established for chronic cases)
Welsh county asylums
Welsh borough asylums

Successors edit

The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 replaced the Commission with the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency.[11]

Commissioners edit

Incomplete list:

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Jones (2003) p.222
  2. ^ Unsworth, Clive."Law and Lunacy in Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'", Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Vol. 13, No. 4. (Winter, 1993), pp. 482.
  3. ^ a b Watkin, Brian (1975). Documents on health and social services, 1834 to the present day. Taylor & Francis. p. 358. ISBN 0-416-18080-9.
  4. ^ Wright, David: "Mental Health Timeline", 1999
  5. ^ Seiberling, Grace; Bloore, Carolyn (1986). Amateurs, photography, and the mid-Victorian imagination. University of Chicago Press. p. 135. ISBN 0-226-74498-1.
  6. ^ a b Edwin Fuller Torrey; Judy Miller (2001). The invisible plague: the rise of mental illness from 1750 to the present. Rutgers University Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-8135-3003-2.
  7. ^ Mellett, D. J. (1981). "Bureaucracy and Mental Illness: The Commissioners in Lunacy 1845–90". Medical History. 25 (3): 221–250. doi:10.1017/s0025727300034566. PMC 1139037. PMID 7022062.
  8. ^ The New Hazell Annual and Almanac for 1922. London: Henry Frowde, 1922; p. 154
  9. ^ Taylor, Jeremy (1991). Hospital and Asylum Architecture in England, 1840–1914: Building for Health Care. Mansell Publishing. ISBN 978-0720120592.
  10. ^ "The Asylums List". Time Chamber. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  11. ^ Phil Fennell (1996). Treatment without consent: law, psychiatry and the treatment of mentally disordered people since 1845. Social ethics and policy series. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 0-415-07787-7.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jones (2003) p.191
  13. ^ Richard Marggraf Turley (2009). Bright stars: John Keats, Barry Cornwall and Romantic literary culture. Liverpool English texts and studies. Vol. 57. Liverpool University Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-84631-211-3.
  14. ^ Group, British Medical Journal Publishing (7 September 1901). "John Davies Cleaton, M.R.C.S". Br Med J. 2 (2123): 653–653. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2123.653. ISSN 0007-1447.
  15. ^ a b "No. 25917". The London Gazette. 2 April 1889. p. 1870.
  16. ^ "Sir Marriott Cooke, K.b.e., M.b". British Medical Journal. 2 (3695): 829–830. 1931. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3695.829. PMC 2315577. PMID 20776478.

References edit

  • Kathleen Jones (2003). Lunacy, law, and conscience, 1744–1845: the social history of the care of the insane. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17802-9.

External links edit

December 15, 2023
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The Commissioners in Lunacy or Lunacy Commission were a public body established by the Lunacy Act 1845 to oversee asylums and the welfare of mentally ill people in England and Wales It succeeded the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy Contents 1 Previous bodies 2 Establishment 3 Asylums commissioned 4 Successors 5 Commissioners 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External linksPrevious bodies editThe predecessors of the Commissioners in Lunacy were the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy dating back to the Madhouses Act 1774 and established as such by the Madhouses Act 1828 By 1842 their remit had been extended from London to cover the whole country The Lord Chancellor s jurisdiction over lunatics so found by writ of De Lunatico Inquirendo had been delegated to two Masters in Chancery By the Lunacy Act 1842 5 amp 6 Vict c 64 these were established as the Commissioners in Lunacy and after 1845 they were retitled Masters in Lunacy 1 Establishment editAnthony Ashley Cooper Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury was the head of the Commission from its founding in 1845 until his death in 1885 2 The Lunacy Commission was made up of eleven Metropolitan Commissioners three medical three legal and five laymen 3 The Commission was monumental as it was not only a full time commission but it was also salaried for six of its members The six members of the commission who were full time and salaried were the three members of the legal system and the three members of the medical community The other five lay members of the commission were all honorary members who simply had to attend board meetings The duty of the Commission was to carry out the provisions of the Act 4 reporting to the Poor Law Commissioners in the case of workhouses and to the Lord Chancellor 3 The first Secretary to the Commissioners was Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge a barrister and uncle of Lewis Carroll 5 He had previously been one of the Metropolitan Commissioners and later become an Inspector of the Commission 6 7 A Master in Lunacy ranked next after a Master in Chancery in the order of precedence 8 Asylums commissioned editThe following asylums were commissioned under the auspices of the Commissioners in Lunacy or their predecessors 9 10 English county asylumsFirst Bedford County Asylum Bedford 1812 Second Bedfordshire County Asylum Fairfield 1860 Berkshire County Asylum Moulsford 1870 Buckinghamshire County Asylum Stone 1853 Cambridgeshire County Asylum Fulbourn 1858 First Cheshire County Asylum Chester 1829 Second Cheshire County Asylum Macclesfield 1871 Cornwall County Asylum Bodmin 1818 Cumberland and Westmorland County Asylum Carleton 1862 Derbyshire County Asylum Mickleover 1851 Devon County Asylum Exminster 1845 Dorset County Asylum Charminster 1863 Durham County Asylum Sedgefield 1858 East Riding County Asylum Walkington 1871 East Sussex County Asylum Hellingly 1898 First Essex County Asylum Brentwood 1853 Second Essex County Asylum Colchester 1913 First Gloucestershire County Asylum Gloucester 1823 Second Gloucestershire County Asylum Gloucester 1883 First Hampshire County Asylum Knowle 1852 Second Hampshire County Asylum Basingstoke 1917 Herefordshire County Asylum Burghill 1868 Hertfordshire County Asylum St Albans 1899 Isle of Wight County Asylum Gatcombe 1896 First Kent County Asylum Barming Heath 1833 Second Kent County Asylum Chartham 1875 Kesteven County Asylum Quarrington 1897 First Lancashire County Asylum Lancaster 1816 Second Lancashire County Asylum Prestwich 1851 Third Lancashire County Asylum Rainhill 1851 Fourth Lancashire County Asylum Whittingham 1873 Fifth Lancashire County Asylum Winwick 1897 Sixth Lancashire County Asylum Whalley 1915 Leicestershire County Asylum Leicester 1837 Lincolnshire County Asylum Bracebridge Heath 1852 First London County Asylum Hanwell 1831 Second London County Asylum Colney Hatch 1849 Third London County Asylum Belmont 1877 Fourth London County Asylum Coulsdon 1882 Fifth London County Asylum Woodford Bridge 1893 Sixth London County Asylum Epsom 1899 Seventh London County Asylum Dartford Heath 1898 Eighth London County Asylum Epsom 1902 Ninth London County Asylum Epsom 1904 Tenth London County Asylum Epsom 1907 Eleventh London County Asylum Epsom 1921 Norfolk County Asylum Norwich 1814 Northamptonshire County Asylum Duston 1876 Northumberland County Asylum Morpeth 1859 North Riding County Asylum Clifton 1847 First Nottinghamshire County Asylum Sneinton 1812 Second Nottinghamshire County Asylum Radcliffe on Trent 1902 Oxfordshire County Asylum Littlemore 1846 Shropshire County Asylum Shelton 1845 First Somerset County Asylum Horrington 1848 Second Somerset County Asylum Norton Fitzwarren 1897 First Staffordshire County Asylum Stafford 1818 Second Staffordshire County Asylum Cheddleton 1892 Suffolk County Asylum Melton 1827 First Surrey County Asylum Tooting 1840 Second Surrey County Asylum Woking 1867 Third Surrey County Asylum Hooley 1905 Sussex County Asylum Haywards Heath 1859 Warwickshire County Asylum Hatton 1852 First West Riding County Asylum Wakefield 1818 Second West Riding County Asylum Middlewood 1872 Third West Riding County Asylum Menston 1885 Fourth West Riding County Asylum Storthes Hall 1904 Fifth West Riding County Asylum Burley in Wharfedale 1902 West Sussex County Asylum Chichester 1894 Wiltshire County Asylum Devizes 1849 First Worcestershire County Asylum Powick 1847 Second Worcestershire County Asylum Bromsgrove 1907 New mental hospitals established later by Middlesex County CouncilNote The First Surrey County Asylum at Tooting see above was transferred to Middlesex County Council in 1888 and became the First Middlesex County Mental Hospital in the early 20th century Second Middlesex County Mental Hospital London Colney 1905 Third Middlesex County Mental Hospital Shenley 1934English borough asylumsCroydon Borough Asylum 1903 First Birmingham City Asylum 1850 Second Birmingham City Asylum 1882 Third Birmingham City Asylum 1905 Bristol City Asylum 1861 Canterbury Borough Asylum 1902 Derby Borough Asylum 1888 East Ham Borough Asylum 1937 Exeter City Asylum 1886 Gateshead Borough Asylum 1914 Ipswich Borough Asylum 1870 Kingston upon Hull Borough Asylum 1883 Leicester Borough Asylum 1869 Lincoln Borough Asylum 1817 Middlesbrough Borough Asylum 1898 Newcastle upon Tyne Borough Asylum 1869 City of London Asylum 1866 Norwich Borough Asylum 1828 Nottingham Borough Asylum 1880 Plymouth Borough Asylum 1891 Portsmouth Borough Asylum 1879 Sunderland Borough Asylum 1895 West Ham Borough Asylum 1901 York Borough Asylum 1906Metropolitan Asylums Board asylums established for chronic cases Caterham Asylum 1870 Darenth Asylum 1878 Leavesden Asylum 1870 Tooting Bec Asylum 1903Welsh county asylumsBrecon and Radnor County Asylum Talgarth 1903 Carmarthenshire Cardigan and Pembrokeshire County Asylum Carmarthen 1865 Denbighshire County Asylum Denbigh 1844 First Glamorgan County Asylum Pen y fai 1864 Second Glamorgan County Asylum Bridgend 1886 Monmouthshire County Asylum Abergavenny 1851Welsh borough asylumsCardiff City Asylum 1908 Newport Borough Asylum 1906 Swansea Borough Mental Hospital 1932Successors editThe Mental Deficiency Act 1913 replaced the Commission with the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency 11 Commissioners editIncomplete list Thomas Turner Medical 1845 1854 12 Henry Herbert Southey Medical 1845 1848 12 Bryan Procter Legal 1845 1860 12 13 Anthony Ashley Cooper 7th Earl of Shaftesbury Lay chair 1845 1885 12 Robert Vernon 1st Baron Lyveden Lay 1845 1860 12 Edward Seymour 12th Duke of Somerset Lay 1845 1852 12 Robert Gordon Lay 1845 12 Francis Barlow Lay 1845 12 J R Southey Medical 1845 12 James Cowles Prichard 1845 1848 Medical in place of Southey who resigned James Mylne Legal 1845 12 John Hancock Hall 1845 12 Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge appointed 1855 6 John Davies Cleaton 1866 1893 14 Harry Davenport appointed 1889 15 Edward Nugent Earl of Milltown appointed 1889 15 Henry Morgan Clifford Sir Marriott Cooke 1898 1914 16 See also editCourt of Protection Alleged Lunatics Friend Society Psychiatric survivors movement Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland Commissioners in Lunacy for IrelandFootnotes edit Jones 2003 p 222 Unsworth Clive Law and Lunacy in Psychiatry s Golden Age Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Vol 13 No 4 Winter 1993 pp 482 a b Watkin Brian 1975 Documents on health and social services 1834 to the present day Taylor amp Francis p 358 ISBN 0 416 18080 9 Wright David Mental Health Timeline 1999 Seiberling Grace Bloore Carolyn 1986 Amateurs photography and the mid Victorian imagination University of Chicago Press p 135 ISBN 0 226 74498 1 a b Edwin Fuller Torrey Judy Miller 2001 The invisible plague the rise of mental illness from 1750 to the present Rutgers University Press p 87 ISBN 0 8135 3003 2 Mellett D J 1981 Bureaucracy and Mental Illness The Commissioners in Lunacy 1845 90 Medical History 25 3 221 250 doi 10 1017 s0025727300034566 PMC 1139037 PMID 7022062 The New Hazell Annual and Almanac for 1922 London Henry Frowde 1922 p 154 Taylor Jeremy 1991 Hospital and Asylum Architecture in England 1840 1914 Building for Health Care Mansell Publishing ISBN 978 0720120592 The Asylums List Time Chamber 7 August 2012 Retrieved 22 April 2019 Phil Fennell 1996 Treatment without consent law psychiatry and the treatment of mentally disordered people since 1845 Social ethics and policy series Routledge p 75 ISBN 0 415 07787 7 a b c d e f g h i j k Jones 2003 p 191 Richard Marggraf Turley 2009 Bright stars John Keats Barry Cornwall and Romantic literary culture Liverpool English texts and studies Vol 57 Liverpool University Press p 60 ISBN 978 1 84631 211 3 Group British Medical Journal Publishing 7 September 1901 John Davies Cleaton M R C S Br Med J 2 2123 653 653 doi 10 1136 bmj 2 2123 653 ISSN 0007 1447 a b No 25917 The London Gazette 2 April 1889 p 1870 Sir Marriott Cooke K b e M b British Medical Journal 2 3695 829 830 1931 doi 10 1136 bmj 2 3695 829 PMC 2315577 PMID 20776478 References editKathleen Jones 2003 Lunacy law and conscience 1744 1845 the social history of the care of the insane Routledge ISBN 0 415 17802 9 External links editWeb pages by Andrew Roberts at Middlesex University The Lunacy Commission Charts of the Commissioners Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Commissioners in Lunacy amp oldid 1176695587, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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