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Wikipedia

Comics studies

December 27, 2022

Comics studies (also comic art studies, sequential art studies[1] or graphic narrative studies)[2] is an academic field that focuses on comics and sequential art. Although comics and graphic novels have been generally dismissed as less relevant pop culture texts, scholars in fields such as semiotics, aesthetics, sociology, composition studies and cultural studies are now re-considering comics and graphic novels as complex texts deserving of serious scholarly study.

Not to be confused with the technical aspects of comics creation, comics studies exists only with the creation of comics theory—which approaches comics critically as an art—and the writing of comics historiography (the study of the history of comics).[3] Comics theory has significant overlap with the philosophy of comics, i.e., the study of the ontology,[4][5] epistemology[6] and aesthetics[7] of comics, the relationship between comics and other art forms, and the relationship between text and image in comics.[4]

Comics studies is also interrelated with comics criticism, the analysis and evaluation of comics and the comics medium.[8]

Theorizing comics

Although there has been the occasional investigation of comics as a valid art form, specifically in Gilbert Seldes' The 7 Lively Arts (1924), Martin Sheridan's Comics and Their Creators (1942), and David Kunzle's The Early Comic Strip: Narrative Strips and Picture Stories in the European Broadsheet from c. 1450 to 1825 (1973), contemporary Anglophone comics studies in North America can be said to have burst onto the academic scene with both Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art in 1985 and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics in 1993. Continental comics studies can trace its roots back to the pioneering work of semioticians such as Roland Barthes (particularly his 1964 essay "Rhetoric of the Image", published in English in the anthology Image—Music—Text)[9] and Umberto Eco (particularly his 1964 book Apocalittici e integrati).[10] These works were the first attempts at a general system of comics semiotics.[11]

More recently, analysis of comics have begun to be undertaken by cognitive scientists, the most prominent being Neil Cohn, who has used tools from linguistics to detail the theoretical structure of comics' underlying "visual language", and has also used psychological experimentation from cognitive neuroscience to test these theories in actual comprehension. This work has suggested similarities between the way that the brain processes language and the way it processes sequential images.[12] Cohn's theories are not universally accepted, with other scholars like Thierry Groensteen, Hannah Miodrag, and Barbara Postema offering alternative understandings.

Defining comics

"Comics ... are sometimes four-legged and sometimes two-legged and sometimes fly and sometimes don't ... to employ a metaphor as mixed as the medium itself, defining comics entails cutting a Gordian-knotted enigma wrapped in a mystery ..."

— R. C. Harvey, 2001[13]

 
Cartoonist and comics theorist Scott McCloud

Similar to the problems of defining literature and film,[14] no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium,[15] and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions.[16] Theorists such as Rodolphe Töpffer,[17] R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner,[18] David Carrier,[19] Alain Rey,[15] and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images,[20] though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history.[16] Other critics, such as Thierry Groensteen[20] and Scott McCloud, have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images.[21] Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task.[22]

Composition studies

In the field of composition studies, an interest in comics and graphic novels is growing, partially due to the work of comics theorists but also due to composition studies' growing focus on multimodality and visual rhetoric. Composition studies theorists are looking at comics as sophisticated texts, and sites of complex literacy.

Gunther Kress defines multimodality as "the use of several semiotic modes in the design of a semiotic product or event, together with the particular way in which these mode are combined"[23] or, more simply as "any text whose meanings are realized through more than one semiotic code".[24]

Kristie S. Fleckenstein sees the relationship between image and text as "mutually constitutive, mutually infused"—a relationship she names "imageword". Fleckenstein sees "imageword" as offering "a double vision of writing-reading based on [the] fusion of image and word, a double vision of literacy".[25]

Dale Jacobs sees the reading of comics as a form of "multimodal literacy or multiliteracy, rather than as a debased form of print literacy".[26] According to Jacobs, comics can help educators to move "toward attending to multimodal literacies" that "shift our focus from print only to multiple modalities".[27] He encourages educators to embrace a pedagogy that will give students skills to effectively negotiate these multiple modalities.

Comics historiography

Comics historiography (the study of the history of comics)[3] studies the historical process through which comics became an autonomous art medium[28] and an integral part of culture.[29] An area of study is premodern sequential art; some scholars such as Scott McCloud consider Egyptian paintings and pre-Columbian American picture manuscripts to be the very first form of comics and sequential art.[30] Another area of study is the 20th-century emergence of the subculture of comics readers and comicphilia,[31] the passionate interest in comic books. (A person with a passionate interest in comics is informally called a comicphile[32] or comics buff.)[33]

The first attempts at comics historiography began in the United States in the 1940s with the work of Thomas Craven, Martin Sheridan, and Coulton Waugh. It was not until the mid-1960s, with the publication of Jules Feiffer's The Great Comic Book Heroes, that the field began to take root. Historiography became an accepted practice in the 1970s with the work of Maurice Horn, Jim Steranko, Ron Goulart, Bill Blackbeard, and Martin Williams. The late 1990s saw a wave of books celebrating American comics' centennial. Other notable writers on these topics include Will Jacobs, Gerard Jones, Rick Marschall, and R. C. Harvey.

Educational institutions

Comics studies is becoming increasingly more common at academic institutions across the world. Some notable examples include: Ohio State University,[34] University of Florida,[35] University of Toronto at Mississauga,[36] and University of California Santa Cruz,[37] among others. In Britain, growing interest in comics has led to the establishment of a center for comics studies, the Scottish Centre for Comics Studies (SCCS) at the University of Dundee in Scotland.[38] Beside formal programs and degrees, it is common to see individual courses dedicated to comics and graphic novels in many educational institutions.[39]

Sol M. Davidson's New York University thesis, Culture and the Comic Strips, earned him the first PhD in comics in 1959,[40][41] while in France, Jean-Christophe Menu was awarded a Doctorate in Art and Art Sciences in 2011 from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne after defending his thesis The Comics and its Double: Language and Frontiers of Comics: Practical, Theoretical and Editorial Prospects.[42][43]

In 2012, the University of Oregon offered the first Comics and Cartoon Studies minor in the United States.[44][45] This Comic Studies program is currently directed by Benjamin Saunders.

Teesside University began offering a BA in Comics and Graphic Novels in 2014,[46] as well as an MA in Comics from 2018.[47] They have since appointed a team of renowned comics practitioners including Fionnuala Doran,[48] Julian Lawrence, Con Chrisoulis, Nigel Kitching and Tara McInerney.[49]

The University of Lancaster started offering a PhD degree in comics studies in 2015.[50] The same year French comics studies scholar Benoît Peeters (a student of Roland Barthes) was appointed as the UK's first ever comics professor at Lancaster University.[51]

Learned societies

In addition to its presence in academic institutions, comics have also been studied in interdisciplinary learned society. The first US association dedicated to supporting the study of graphic narrative and sequential art was the Comics Studies Society (CSS), launched in 2014 at ICAF. Its main focuses are "promoting the critical study of comics, improving comics teaching, and engaging in open and ongoing conversations about the comics world".[52][53][54]

CSS also publishes the journal INKS (since 2017), organizes the Annual Conference of the Comics Studies Society (since 2018) and awards comics studies, books and articles with five annual prizes: the CSS Article Prize, the Hillary Chute Award for Best Graduate Student Paper, the Gilbert Seldes Prize for Public Scholarship, the Charles Hatfield Book Prize, and the CSS Prize for Edited Book Collections.[55][56][54]

Other anglophone societies that can be mentioned are British Consortium of Comics Scholars (BCCS, created in 2012 by Paul Davies), Scottish Centre for Comics Studies (SCCS) and Canadian Society for the Study of Comics (CSSC, created in October 2010 by Sylvain Rheault).[57][58]

The CSSC, also known as Société Canadienne pour l'Étude de la Bande Dessinée (SCEBC), is a bilingual community of academics focused in Canadian scholars but open for international associates. Among other activities, CSSC/SCEBD organizes an academic conference during Toronto Comic Arts Festival.[59]

Scholarly publications

Some notable academic journals specifically dedicated to comics studies are listed below in alphabetical order:

Conferences

Although presentations dedicated to comics are commonplace at conferences in many fields, entire conferences dedicated to this subject are becoming more common. There have been conferences at SAIC (International Comic Arts Forum, 2009), MMU (The International Bande Dessinée Society Conference), UTS (Sequential Art Studies Conference), Georgetown, Ohio State (Festival of Cartoon Art),[61] and Bowling Green (Comics in Popular Culture conference),[62] and there is a yearly conference at University of Florida (Conference on Comics and Graphic Novels).[63] Additionally, there is an annual Michigan State University Comics Forum, which brings together academics and professionals working in the industry. Notable regularly held movable conferences include the Comic Art and Comics Area of the Popular Culture Association of America and the conference of the International Society for Humor Studies.[61]

The International Comic Arts Forum (ICAF), begun in 1995 at Georgetown University, has been described as one of the earliest academic initiatives for the study of comics.[64] The German Gesellschaft für Comicforschung (ComFor, Society for Comics Studies) has organized yearly academic conferences since 2006.[65] The Comics Arts Conference has met regularly since 1992 in conjunction with San Diego Comic-Con International and WonderCon.[66] Another important conference is the annual International Graphic Novels and Comics Conference held since 2010 organized by British academics. This conference has been held in conjunction with the longer running International Bande Dessinée Society conference. Comics Forum, a UK-based community of international comics scholars, also holds an annual conference at Leeds Central Library; the first was held in 2009.[67]

See also

People

References

  1. ^ International Journal of Comic Art, volume 7, 2005, p. 574.
  2. ^ Pramod K. Nayar, The Indian Graphic Novel: Nation, History and Critique, Routledge, 2016, p. 13.
  3. ^ a b Benoît Crucifix, "Redrawing Comics into the Graphic Novel: Comics Historiography, Canonization, and Authors' Histories of the Medium", "Whither comics studies?" panel, International conference of the French Association for American Studies, Toulouse (France), May 24–27, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Meskin, Aaron (2011). "The Philosophy of Comics". Philosophy Compass. 6 (12): 854–864. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2011.00450.x.
  5. ^ Iain Thomson, in his "Deconstructing the Hero" (in Jeff McLaughlin, ed., Comics as Philosophy (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005), pp. 100–129), develops the concept of comics as philosophy.
  6. ^ Meskin, Aaron and Roy T. Cook (eds.), The Art of Comics: A Philosophical Approach, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. xxxi.
  7. ^ David Carrier, The Aesthetics of Comics, Penn State University Press, 2000, Part 1: "The Nature of Comics."
  8. ^ Bramlett, Frank, Roy Cook and Aaron Meskin (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Comics, Routledge, 2016, p. 330.
  9. ^ Roland Barthes, "Rhétorique de l'image", Communications 4(1), 1964, pp. 40–51, translated as "Rhetoric of the Image", in: Roland Barthes, Image–Music–Text, essays selected and translated by Stephen Heath, New York 1977, pp. 32–51.
  10. ^ Umberto Eco, Apocalittici e integrati: comunicazioni di massa e teorie della cultura di massa, Bompiani, 1964. Cf. also: Umberto Eco (1972). "Epilogue", in: Walter Herdeg and David Pascal (eds.): The Art of the Comic Strip, Zurich: The Graphis Press.
  11. ^ Jochen Ecke, Gideon Haberkorn (eds.), Comics as a Nexus of Cultures: Essays on the Interplay of Media, McFarland, 2010, p. 238.
  12. ^ Neil Cohn, The Visual Language of Comics: Introduction to the Structure and Cognition of Sequential Images, London: Bloomsbury, 2013, p. 1ff.
  13. ^ Harvey 2001, p. 76.
  14. ^ Groensteen 2012, pp. 128–129.
  15. ^ a b Groensteen 2012, p. 124.
  16. ^ a b Groensteen 2012, p. 126.
  17. ^ Thomas 2010, p. 158.
  18. ^ Beaty 2012, p. 65.
  19. ^ Groensteen 2012, pp. 126, 131.
  20. ^ a b Grove 2010, pp. 17–19.
  21. ^ Thomas 2010, pp. 157, 170.
  22. ^ Groensteen 2012, p. 112–113.
  23. ^ Kress, Gunther and Theo Van Leeuwen (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Arnold Publishers. p. 20.
  24. ^ Kress, Gunther and Theo van Leeuwen (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 177.
  25. ^ Fleckenstein, Kristie (2003). Embodied Literacies: Imageword and a Poetics of Teaching. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 2.
  26. ^ Jacobs, Dale. "Marvelling at The Man Called Nova: Comics as Sponsors of Multimodal Literacy". The Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. 59 (2): 182.
  27. ^ Jacobs, Dale. "Marvelling at The Man Called Nova: Comics as Sponsors of Multimodal Literacy". The Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. 59 (2): 201.
  28. ^ Williams, Paul and James Lyons (eds.), The Rise of the American Comics Artist: Creators and Contexts, University Press of Mississippi, 2010, p. 106.
  29. ^ Waugh, Coulton, The Comics, University Press of Mississippi, 1991, p. xiii.
  30. ^ Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics, Harper Perennial, 1993, pp. 10–15.
  31. ^ Alexandre Linck Vargas, A invenção dos quadrinhos: teoria e crítica da sarjeta (The Invention of Comics: Theory and Criticism of Gutters), Ph.D. thesis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 2015, Abstract: "we stumble upon the inventions of a comics artistry, from the [1960s] on, through conflicts with the art world (Pop Art, Lowbrow Art and exhibitions), through the emergence of an authorial disposal and of an institutionalized comicphilia..."
  32. ^ Warren, Jarod (23 July 2013). "Logline: Importance and Creation". Cinelinx.com. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  33. ^ Rhoades, Shirrel, A Complete History of American Comic Books, Peter Lang, 2008, p. 66.
  34. ^ "Comics Studies @ OSU | Popular Culture Studies".
  35. ^ "UF | Comics Studies | Studying Comics at UF". English.ufl.edu. 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  36. ^ Visual Culture Studies - University of Toronto Mississauga.
  37. ^ Spiegelman, Art. "Comix 101." Lecture. Porter College, University of California, Santa Cruz, April 1992.
  38. ^ "Scottish Centre for Comics Studies". scottishcomicstudies.com. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
  39. ^ "UF | Comics Studies | Teaching Comics". English.ufl.edu. 2007-04-09. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  40. ^ Sol M. Davidson. Culture and the Comic Strips. Ph.D. diss., New York University, 1959.
  41. ^ Sol & Penny Davison Collection - George A. Smathers Libraries.
  42. ^ Article about Jean-Christophe Menu presenting his thesis at the Sorbonne.
  43. ^ Theses.fr: La bande dessinée et son double : langage et marges de la bande dessinée : perspectives pratiques, théoriques et éditoriales.
  44. ^ "Serious about the funnies: Private donor endows UO Comics Studies minor". Around the O. 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  45. ^ "Courses | Comics Studies at University of Oregon". Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  46. ^ "Teesside University Comics and Graphic Novels BA". Teesside University. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  47. ^ "Teesside University Comics MA". Teesside University. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  48. ^ "The graphic tale of Irish revolutionary Roger Casement". The Irish News. 2016-08-11. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  49. ^ "Tara McInerney Website". Tara McInerney. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  50. ^ "Lancaster University offers doctorate in comic books". Independent.co.uk. 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
  51. ^ "'Great snakes!' Tintin expert appointed UK's first comics professor". TheGuardian.com. 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
  52. ^ "About the Comics Studies Society". Comics Studies Society official website.
  53. ^ "Comics Studies Society goes public on Feb. 14, 2016, launches its founding membership drive". SciFi Pulse. 2016-02-15.
  54. ^ a b "Washington People: Rebecca Wanzo". Washington University in St.Louis. 2017-02-03.
  55. ^ "About the Comics Studies Society Prizes". Comics Studies Society official website.
  56. ^ "Announcement of open membership for new Comics Studies Society". Sacred and Sequential. 2016-02-19.
  57. ^ "About". Official website of British Consortium of Comics Scholars.
  58. ^ "Comic Studies in the UK and Beyond – Learning the Comic Art". downthetubes.
  59. ^ "Comics, Education, and Libraries". American Libraries Magazine. 2017-05-24.
  60. ^ "Inks". The Comics Studies Society (CSS). Retrieved 2021-02-12. (contains no URL to the Journal)
  61. ^ a b "Regularly Held Conferences".
  62. ^ Robert G. Weiner (ed.), Graphic Novels and Comics in Libraries and Archives: Essays on Readers, Research, History and Cataloging, McFarland, 2010, p. 264.
  63. ^ . www.english.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-11-29. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  64. ^ Matthew Smith; Randy Duncan (2017). The Secret Origins of Comics Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-317-50578-5.
  65. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  66. ^ The Comics Arts Conference and Public Humanities.
  67. ^ "Comics Forum". Comics Forum. Retrieved 2017-02-02.

Works cited

Further reading

  • Ayaka, Carolene and Ian Hague (eds.), Representing Multiculturalism in Comics and Graphic Novels, Routledge, 2014.
  • Bongco, Mila, Reading Comics: Language, Culture, and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books, Routledge, 2014.
  • Bonura, Massimo, Provenzano, Federico, Teorie e Storia del Fumetto. Il fumetto e le sue teorie comunicative, Palermo, Zap edizioni, 2017.
  • Bramlett, Frank (ed.), Linguistics and the Study of Comics, Springer, 2012.
  • Bramlett, Frank, Roy Cook and Aaron Meskin (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Comics, Routledge, 2016.
  • Burke, Liam, The Comic Book Film Adaptation: Exploring Modern Hollywood's Leading Genre, University Press of Mississippi, 2015.
  • Caswell, Lucy Shelton and Jared Gardner, Drawing the Line: Comics Studies and INKS, 1994–1997, Ohio State University Press, 2017.
  • Claudio, Esther and Julio Cañero (eds.), On the Edge of the Panel: Essays on Comics Criticism, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015.
  • Cohn, Neil (ed.), The Visual Narrative Reader, Bloomsbury, 2016.
  • Cowling, Sam and Wesley Cray, Philosophy of Comics: An Introduction, Bloomsbury, 2022.
  • del Rey Cabero, Enrique (2021). How to Study Comics & Graphic Novels : A Graphic Introduction to Comics Studies. Michael Goodrum, Josean Morlesin Mellado. Oxford. ISBN 978-1-8383792-1-6. OCLC 1301199489.
  • Denson, Shane, Christina Meyer, Daniel Stein, Transnational Perspectives on Graphic Narratives: Comics at the Crossroads, Bloomsbury, 2013.
  • DiPaolo, Marc, War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film, McFarland, 2011.
  • Dong, Lan (ed.), Teaching Comics and Graphic Narratives: Essays on Theory, Strategy and Practice, McFarland, 2012.
  • Duncan, Randy and Matthew J. Smith, The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture, Continuum, 2009.
  • Earle, Harriet, Comics, Trauma, and the New Art of War, University Press of Mississippi, 2017.
  • Fawaz, Ramzi, Deborah Whaley, and Shelley Streeby (eds.), Keywords for Comics Studies, NYU Press, 2021.
  • Fuchs, Wolfgang J. and Reinhold Reitberger, Comics: Anatomy of a Mass Medium, Little Brown & Co, 1972.
  • Gravett, Paul, Comics Art, Yale University Press, 2013.
  • Groensteen, Thierry, Comics and Narration, University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
  • Groensteen, Thierry, The System of Comics, University Press of Mississippi, 2009.
  • Hague, Ian, Comics and the Senses: A Multisensory Approach to Comics and Graphic Novels, Routledge, 2014.
  • Hatfield, Charles, Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature, University Press of Mississippi, 2005.
  • Hatfield, Charles and Bart Beaty (eds.), Comics Studies: A Guidebook, Rutgers University Press, 2020.
  • Heer, Jeet and Kent Worcester (eds.), A Comics Studies Reader, University Press of Mississippi, 2009.
  • Klock, Geoff, How to Read Superhero Comics and Why, Continuum, 2002.
  • Kukkonen, Karin, Studying Comics and Graphic Novels, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
  • Kukkonen, Karin, Contemporary Comics Storytelling, University of Nebraska Press, 2013.
  • Lund, Martin, Re-Constructing the Man of Steel: Superman 1938–1941, Jewish American History, and the Invention of the Jewish–Comics Connection, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
  • Magnussen, Anne and Hans-Christian Christiansen (eds.), Comics & Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000.
  • McLaughlin, Jeff (ed.), Comics as Philosophy, University Press of Mississippi, 2005.
  • McLaughlin, Jeff (ed.), Graphic Novels as Philosophy, University Press of Mississippi, 2017.
  • Meesters, Gert, "Creativity in Comics. Exploring the Frontiers of the Medium by Respecting Explicit Self-imposed Constraints," in Tony Veale, Kurt Feyaerts, Charles Forceville (ed.), Creativity and the Agile Mind: A Multi-Disciplinary Study of a Multi-Faceted Phenomenon, Walter de Gruyter, 2013, pp. 275–292.
  • Miller, Ann and Bart Beaty (eds.), The French Comics Theory Reader, Leuven University Press, 2014.
  • Miodrag, Hannah, Comics and Language: Reimagining Critical Discourse on the Form, University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
  • Pizzino, Christopher, Arresting Development: Comics at the Boundaries of Literature, U of Texas Press, 2016.
  • Postema, Barbara, Narrative Structure in Comics: Making Sense of Fragments, Boydell & Brewer, 2013.
  • Reynolds, Richard, Super Heroes: A Modern Mythology, University Press of Mississippi, 1994.
  • Saraceni, Mario, The Language of Comics, Routledge, 2003.
  • Schmitz-Emans, Monika (ed.), Comic und Literatur: Konstellationen, Walter de Gruyter, 2012.
  • Smith, Matthew and Randy Duncan (eds.), Critical Approaches to Comics: Theories and Methods, Routledge, 2012.
  • Smith, Matthew and Randy Duncan (eds.), The Secret Origins of Comics Studies, Routledge, 2017.
  • Stein, Daniel and Jan-Noël Thon (eds.), From Comic Strips to Graphic Novels: Contributions to the Theory and History of Graphic Narrative, Walter de Gruyter, 2015.
  • Weiner, Robert G. (ed.), Graphic Novels and Comics in Libraries and Archives: Essays on Readers, Research, History and Cataloging, McFarland, 2010.
  • Wolk, Douglas, Reading Comics: How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean, Da Capo Press, 2008.

Historiography

  • Barrier, J. Michael and Martin Williams. A Smithsonian Book of Comic-Book Comics (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982) ISBN 978-0874742282
  • Blackbeard, Bill and Martin Williams, editors. The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977) ISBN 978-0874741728
  • Blackbeard, Bill and Dale Crain. The Comic Strip Century: Celebrating 100 Years of an American Art Form (Kitchen Sink Press, 1995) ISBN 9780878163557
  • Booker, M. Keith (ed.), Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2014.
  • Booker, M. Keith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2010.
  • Couperie, Pierre C. and Maurice Horn, editors. A History of the Comic Strip (Crown Publishers, 1968)
  • Craven, Thomas, editor. Cartoon Cavalcade: A Collection of the Best American Humorous Cartoons from the Turn of the Century to the Present (Simon & Schuster, 1943)
  • Feiffer, Jules. The Great Comic Book Heroes: The Origins and Early Adventures of the Classic Super-Heroes of the Comic Books (Dial Press, 1965)
  • Gabilliet, Jean-Paul, Of Comics and Men: A Cultural History of American Comic Books, University Press of Mississippi, 2010.
  • Goulart, Ron. The Adventurous Decade: Comic Strips In the Thirties (Crown Publishers, 1975) ISBN 9780870002526
  • Goulart, Ron. The Great Comic Book Artists (St. Martin's Press, 1986) ISBN 978-0312345570
  • Goulart, Ron. Ron Goulart's Great History of Comic Books: the Definitive Illustrated History from the 1890s to the 1980s (Contemporary Books, 1986) ISBN 978-0809250455
  • Goulart, Ron. The Encyclopedia of American Comics: From 1897 to the Present (Facts on File, 1991) ISBN 978-0816018529
  • Goulart, Ron. The Comic Book Reader's Companion: an A-Z Guide to Everyone's Favorite Art Form (Harper Perennial, 1993) ISBN 9780062731173
  • Goulart, Ron. The Funnies: 100 Years of American Comic Strips (Adams Media Corp, 1995) ISBN 9781558505391
  • Goulart, Ron. Comic Book Encyclopedia: The Ultimate Guide to Characters, Graphic Novels, Writers, and Artists in the Comic Book Universe (HarperCollins, 2004) ISBN 978-0060538163
  • Hajdu, David, The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America, Picador, 2009 (originally Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008).
  • Harvey, R. C. The Art of the Funnies: An Aesthetic History (University Press of Mississippi, 1994) ISBN 978-0878056743
  • Harvey, R. C. The Art of the Comic Book: An Aesthetic History (University Press of Mississippi, 1996) ISBN 978-0878057580
  • Horn, Maurice, editor. The World Encyclopedia of Comics (Chelsea House, 1976) ISBN 978-0877540304
  • Horn, Maurice. The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons (Chelsea House, 1979) ISBN 978-0877541219
  • Horn, Maurice, editor. 100 Years of American Newspaper Comics: An Illustrated Encyclopedia (Gramercy Books, 1996) ISBN 978-0517124475
  • Kunzle, David, The Early Comic Strip: Narrative Strips and Picture Stories in the European Broadsheet from c. 1450 to 1825, University of California Press, 1973,
  • Jacobs, Will and Gerard Jones. The Comic Book Heroes: The First History of Modern Comic Books: From the Silver Age to the Present (Crown Publishers, 1985) ISBN 978-0517554401
  • Jones, Gerard, Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book, Basic Books, 2005.
  • Marschall, Rick. America's Great Comic Strip Artists: From the Yellow Kid to Peanuts (Abbeville Press, 1989) ISBN 978-0896599178
  • Petersen, Robert S., Comics, Manga, and Graphic Novels: A History of Graphic Narratives, ABC-CLIO, 2011.
  • Pustz, Matthew (ed.), Comic Books and American Cultural History: An Anthology, Continuum, 2012.
  • Sheridan, Martin. Comics and Their Creators: Life Stories of American Cartoonists, Hale, Cushman & Flint, 1942.
  • Steranko, Jim. The Steranko History of Comics vol. 1 (Supergraphics, 1970) ISBN 0-517-50188-0
  • Steranko, Jim. The Steranko History of Comics vol. 2 (Supergraphics, 1972) ISBN 978-0517501887
  • Walker, Brian. The Comics: Before 1945 (Harry N. Abrams, 2004) ISBN 978-0810949706
  • Walker, Brian. The Comics: Since 1945 (Harry N. Abrams, 2006) ISBN 978-0810992603
  • Waugh, Colton. The Comics (Macmillan, 1947)
  • Williams, Paul and James Lyons (eds.), The Rise of the American Comics Artist: Creators and Contexts, University Press of Mississippi, 2010.
  • Wright, Bradford W., Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

External links

  • The National Association of Comic Art Educators' page
  • ComicsResearch.org
  • Comics in the Classroom
  • (defunct)
  • Comics Research--annotated bibliographies for comics scholarship
  • Comic book annotations and bibliographies
  • Online Bibliographies of Anime and Manga research
  • Neil Cohn's Visual Language Lab website
  • The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship
  • The Comics Studies Society (CSS)
  • Inks: their journal (publisher's site)
  • The Japan Society for Studies in Cartoons and Comics (JSSCC, Nihon manga gakkai)
  • Association des Critiques et journalistes de Bande Dessinée
  • CuCo, Cuadernos de Cómic
  • Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre la Historieta

December 27, 2022
comics, studies, also, comic, studies, sequential, studies, graphic, narrative, studies, academic, field, that, focuses, comics, sequential, although, comics, graphic, novels, have, been, generally, dismissed, less, relevant, culture, texts, scholars, fields, . Comics studies also comic art studies sequential art studies 1 or graphic narrative studies 2 is an academic field that focuses on comics and sequential art Although comics and graphic novels have been generally dismissed as less relevant pop culture texts scholars in fields such as semiotics aesthetics sociology composition studies and cultural studies are now re considering comics and graphic novels as complex texts deserving of serious scholarly study Not to be confused with the technical aspects of comics creation comics studies exists only with the creation of comics theory which approaches comics critically as an art and the writing of comics historiography the study of the history of comics 3 Comics theory has significant overlap with the philosophy of comics i e the study of the ontology 4 5 epistemology 6 and aesthetics 7 of comics the relationship between comics and other art forms and the relationship between text and image in comics 4 Comics studies is also interrelated with comics criticism the analysis and evaluation of comics and the comics medium 8 Contents 1 Theorizing comics 1 1 Defining comics 1 2 Composition studies 1 3 Comics historiography 2 Educational institutions 3 Learned societies 4 Scholarly publications 5 Conferences 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Works cited 8 Further reading 8 1 Historiography 9 External linksTheorizing comics EditAlthough there has been the occasional investigation of comics as a valid art form specifically in Gilbert Seldes The 7 Lively Arts 1924 Martin Sheridan s Comics and Their Creators 1942 and David Kunzle s The Early Comic Strip Narrative Strips and Picture Stories in the European Broadsheet from c 1450 to 1825 1973 contemporary Anglophone comics studies in North America can be said to have burst onto the academic scene with both Will Eisner s Comics and Sequential Art in 1985 and Scott McCloud s Understanding Comics in 1993 Continental comics studies can trace its roots back to the pioneering work of semioticians such as Roland Barthes particularly his 1964 essay Rhetoric of the Image published in English in the anthology Image Music Text 9 and Umberto Eco particularly his 1964 book Apocalittici e integrati 10 These works were the first attempts at a general system of comics semiotics 11 More recently analysis of comics have begun to be undertaken by cognitive scientists the most prominent being Neil Cohn who has used tools from linguistics to detail the theoretical structure of comics underlying visual language and has also used psychological experimentation from cognitive neuroscience to test these theories in actual comprehension This work has suggested similarities between the way that the brain processes language and the way it processes sequential images 12 Cohn s theories are not universally accepted with other scholars like Thierry Groensteen Hannah Miodrag and Barbara Postema offering alternative understandings Defining comics Edit Comics are sometimes four legged and sometimes two legged and sometimes fly and sometimes don t to employ a metaphor as mixed as the medium itself defining comics entails cutting a Gordian knotted enigma wrapped in a mystery R C Harvey 2001 13 Cartoonist and comics theorist Scott McCloud Similar to the problems of defining literature and film 14 no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium 15 and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions 16 Theorists such as Rodolphe Topffer 17 R C Harvey Will Eisner 18 David Carrier 19 Alain Rey 15 and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images 20 though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history 16 Other critics such as Thierry Groensteen 20 and Scott McCloud have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images 21 Towards the close of the 20th century different cultures discoveries of each other s comics traditions the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task 22 Composition studies Edit In the field of composition studies an interest in comics and graphic novels is growing partially due to the work of comics theorists but also due to composition studies growing focus on multimodality and visual rhetoric Composition studies theorists are looking at comics as sophisticated texts and sites of complex literacy Gunther Kress defines multimodality as the use of several semiotic modes in the design of a semiotic product or event together with the particular way in which these mode are combined 23 or more simply as any text whose meanings are realized through more than one semiotic code 24 Kristie S Fleckenstein sees the relationship between image and text as mutually constitutive mutually infused a relationship she names imageword Fleckenstein sees imageword as offering a double vision of writing reading based on the fusion of image and word a double vision of literacy 25 Dale Jacobs sees the reading of comics as a form of multimodal literacy or multiliteracy rather than as a debased form of print literacy 26 According to Jacobs comics can help educators to move toward attending to multimodal literacies that shift our focus from print only to multiple modalities 27 He encourages educators to embrace a pedagogy that will give students skills to effectively negotiate these multiple modalities Comics historiography Edit Comics historiography the study of the history of comics 3 studies the historical process through which comics became an autonomous art medium 28 and an integral part of culture 29 An area of study is premodern sequential art some scholars such as Scott McCloud consider Egyptian paintings and pre Columbian American picture manuscripts to be the very first form of comics and sequential art 30 Another area of study is the 20th century emergence of the subculture of comics readers and comicphilia 31 the passionate interest in comic books A person with a passionate interest in comics is informally called a comicphile 32 or comics buff 33 The first attempts at comics historiography began in the United States in the 1940s with the work of Thomas Craven Martin Sheridan and Coulton Waugh It was not until the mid 1960s with the publication of Jules Feiffer s The Great Comic Book Heroes that the field began to take root Historiography became an accepted practice in the 1970s with the work of Maurice Horn Jim Steranko Ron Goulart Bill Blackbeard and Martin Williams The late 1990s saw a wave of books celebrating American comics centennial Other notable writers on these topics include Will Jacobs Gerard Jones Rick Marschall and R C Harvey Educational institutions EditComics studies is becoming increasingly more common at academic institutions across the world Some notable examples include Ohio State University 34 University of Florida 35 University of Toronto at Mississauga 36 and University of California Santa Cruz 37 among others In Britain growing interest in comics has led to the establishment of a center for comics studies the Scottish Centre for Comics Studies SCCS at the University of Dundee in Scotland 38 Beside formal programs and degrees it is common to see individual courses dedicated to comics and graphic novels in many educational institutions 39 Sol M Davidson s New York University thesis Culture and the Comic Strips earned him the first PhD in comics in 1959 40 41 while in France Jean Christophe Menu was awarded a Doctorate in Art and Art Sciences in 2011 from Universite Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne after defending his thesis The Comics and its Double Language and Frontiers of Comics Practical Theoretical and Editorial Prospects 42 43 In 2012 the University of Oregon offered the first Comics and Cartoon Studies minor in the United States 44 45 This Comic Studies program is currently directed by Benjamin Saunders Teesside University began offering a BA in Comics and Graphic Novels in 2014 46 as well as an MA in Comics from 2018 47 They have since appointed a team of renowned comics practitioners including Fionnuala Doran 48 Julian Lawrence Con Chrisoulis Nigel Kitching and Tara McInerney 49 The University of Lancaster started offering a PhD degree in comics studies in 2015 50 The same year French comics studies scholar Benoit Peeters a student of Roland Barthes was appointed as the UK s first ever comics professor at Lancaster University 51 Learned societies EditIn addition to its presence in academic institutions comics have also been studied in interdisciplinary learned society The first US association dedicated to supporting the study of graphic narrative and sequential art was the Comics Studies Society CSS launched in 2014 at ICAF Its main focuses are promoting the critical study of comics improving comics teaching and engaging in open and ongoing conversations about the comics world 52 53 54 CSS also publishes the journal INKS since 2017 organizes the Annual Conference of the Comics Studies Society since 2018 and awards comics studies books and articles with five annual prizes the CSS Article Prize the Hillary Chute Award for Best Graduate Student Paper the Gilbert Seldes Prize for Public Scholarship the Charles Hatfield Book Prize and the CSS Prize for Edited Book Collections 55 56 54 Other anglophone societies that can be mentioned are British Consortium of Comics Scholars BCCS created in 2012 by Paul Davies Scottish Centre for Comics Studies SCCS and Canadian Society for the Study of Comics CSSC created in October 2010 by Sylvain Rheault 57 58 The CSSC also known as Societe Canadienne pour l Etude de la Bande Dessinee SCEBC is a bilingual community of academics focused in Canadian scholars but open for international associates Among other activities CSSC SCEBD organizes an academic conference during Toronto Comic Arts Festival 59 Scholarly publications EditSome notable academic journals specifically dedicated to comics studies are listed below in alphabetical order CuCo Cuadernos de comic published by the Editorial de Universidad de Alcala European Comic Art ImageTexT a peer reviewed open access journal that began in the spring of 2004 and is based at the University of Florida Image and Narrative stylized as Image amp Narrative a peer reviewed e journal on visual narratology Inks The Journal of the Comics Studies Society published by the Ohio State University Press 60 International Journal of Comic Art Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre la Historieta Studies in Comics SANE Sequential Art Narrative in Education based at the University of Nebraska Lincoln The Comics Grid Journal of Comics Scholarship first published in January 2011 an open access researcher led peer reviewed academic journal published by the Open Library of Humanities Conferences EditAlthough presentations dedicated to comics are commonplace at conferences in many fields entire conferences dedicated to this subject are becoming more common There have been conferences at SAIC International Comic Arts Forum 2009 MMU The International Bande Dessinee Society Conference UTS Sequential Art Studies Conference Georgetown Ohio State Festival of Cartoon Art 61 and Bowling Green Comics in Popular Culture conference 62 and there is a yearly conference at University of Florida Conference on Comics and Graphic Novels 63 Additionally there is an annual Michigan State University Comics Forum which brings together academics and professionals working in the industry Notable regularly held movable conferences include the Comic Art and Comics Area of the Popular Culture Association of America and the conference of the International Society for Humor Studies 61 The International Comic Arts Forum ICAF begun in 1995 at Georgetown University has been described as one of the earliest academic initiatives for the study of comics 64 The German Gesellschaft fur Comicforschung ComFor Society for Comics Studies has organized yearly academic conferences since 2006 65 The Comics Arts Conference has met regularly since 1992 in conjunction with San Diego Comic Con International and WonderCon 66 Another important conference is the annual International Graphic Novels and Comics Conference held since 2010 organized by British academics This conference has been held in conjunction with the longer running International Bande Dessinee Society conference Comics Forum a UK based community of international comics scholars also holds an annual conference at Leeds Central Library the first was held in 2009 67 See also Edit Comics portal Alternative comics Childhood studies Glossary of comics terminology Graphic medicine Comics in education Comics poetry Conference on College Composition and Communication How to Read Nancy Institute for Comics Studies Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art List of comics critics University Press of Mississippi Great Comics Artists Series Comics and Popular Culture category Wilhelm Busch MuseumPeopleDonald Ault Peter Coogan Mark Evanier Thierry Groensteen Jeet Heer James Kakalios Shirrel Rhoades Peter Sanderson Jim Steranko Michael Uslan Kent Worcester Alexandra Latysheva GaleyevaReferences Edit International Journal of Comic Art volume 7 2005 p 574 Pramod K Nayar The Indian Graphic Novel Nation History and Critique Routledge 2016 p 13 a b Benoit Crucifix Redrawing Comics into the Graphic Novel Comics Historiography Canonization and Authors Histories of the Medium Whither comics studies panel International conference of the French Association for American Studies Toulouse France May 24 27 2016 a b Meskin Aaron 2011 The Philosophy of Comics Philosophy Compass 6 12 854 864 doi 10 1111 j 1747 9991 2011 00450 x Iain Thomson in his Deconstructing the Hero in Jeff McLaughlin ed Comics as Philosophy Jackson University Press of Mississippi 2005 pp 100 129 develops the concept of comics as philosophy Meskin Aaron and Roy T Cook eds The Art of Comics A Philosophical Approach Wiley Blackwell 2012 p xxxi David Carrier The Aesthetics of Comics Penn State University Press 2000 Part 1 The Nature of Comics Bramlett Frank Roy Cook and Aaron Meskin eds The Routledge Companion to Comics Routledge 2016 p 330 Roland Barthes Rhetorique de l image Communications 4 1 1964 pp 40 51 translated as Rhetoric of the Image in Roland Barthes Image Music Text essays selected and translated by Stephen Heath New York 1977 pp 32 51 Umberto Eco Apocalittici e integrati comunicazioni di massa e teorie della cultura di massa Bompiani 1964 Cf also Umberto Eco 1972 Epilogue in Walter Herdeg and David Pascal eds The Art of the Comic Strip Zurich The Graphis Press Jochen Ecke Gideon Haberkorn eds Comics as a Nexus of Cultures Essays on the Interplay of Media McFarland 2010 p 238 Neil Cohn The Visual Language of Comics Introduction to the Structure and Cognition of Sequential Images London Bloomsbury 2013 p 1ff Harvey 2001 p 76 Groensteen 2012 pp 128 129 a b Groensteen 2012 p 124 a b Groensteen 2012 p 126 Thomas 2010 p 158 Beaty 2012 p 65 Groensteen 2012 pp 126 131 a b Grove 2010 pp 17 19 Thomas 2010 pp 157 170 Groensteen 2012 p 112 113 Kress Gunther and Theo Van Leeuwen 2001 Multimodal Discourse The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication Arnold Publishers p 20 Kress Gunther and Theo van Leeuwen 2006 Reading Images The Grammar of Visual Design 2nd ed Routledge p 177 Fleckenstein Kristie 2003 Embodied Literacies Imageword and a Poetics of Teaching Southern Illinois University Press p 2 Jacobs Dale Marvelling at The Man Called Nova Comics as Sponsors of Multimodal Literacy The Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication 59 2 182 Jacobs Dale Marvelling at The Man Called Nova Comics as Sponsors of Multimodal Literacy The Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication 59 2 201 Williams Paul and James Lyons eds The Rise of the American Comics Artist Creators and Contexts University Press of Mississippi 2010 p 106 Waugh Coulton The Comics University Press of Mississippi 1991 p xiii Scott McCloud Understanding Comics Harper Perennial 1993 pp 10 15 Alexandre Linck Vargas A invencao dos quadrinhos teoria e critica da sarjeta The Invention of Comics Theory and Criticism of Gutters Ph D thesis Federal University of Santa Catarina 2015 Abstract we stumble upon the inventions of a comics artistry from the 1960s on through conflicts with the art world Pop Art Lowbrow Art and exhibitions through the emergence of an authorial disposal and of an institutionalized comicphilia Warren Jarod 23 July 2013 Logline Importance and Creation Cinelinx com Retrieved 19 May 2020 Rhoades Shirrel A Complete History of American Comic Books Peter Lang 2008 p 66 Comics Studies OSU Popular Culture Studies UF Comics Studies Studying Comics at UF English ufl edu 2007 04 04 Retrieved 2009 11 23 Visual Culture Studies University of Toronto Mississauga Spiegelman Art Comix 101 Lecture Porter College University of California Santa Cruz April 1992 Scottish Centre for Comics Studies scottishcomicstudies com Retrieved 2016 11 28 UF Comics Studies Teaching Comics English ufl edu 2007 04 09 Retrieved 2009 11 23 Sol M Davidson Culture and the Comic Strips Ph D diss New York University 1959 Sol amp Penny Davison Collection George A Smathers Libraries Article about Jean Christophe Menu presenting his thesis at the Sorbonne Theses fr La bande dessinee et son double langage et marges de la bande dessinee perspectives pratiques theoriques et editoriales Serious about the funnies Private donor endows UO Comics Studies minor Around the O 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2022 07 22 Courses Comics Studies at University of Oregon Retrieved 2022 07 22 Teesside University Comics and Graphic Novels BA Teesside University Retrieved 2018 07 06 Teesside University Comics MA Teesside University Retrieved 2018 07 06 The graphic tale of Irish revolutionary Roger Casement The Irish News 2016 08 11 Retrieved 2018 07 06 Tara McInerney Website Tara McInerney Retrieved 2018 07 06 Lancaster University offers doctorate in comic books Independent co uk 2015 11 25 Retrieved 2016 06 06 Great snakes Tintin expert appointed UK s first comics professor TheGuardian com 2015 11 26 Retrieved 2016 06 06 About the Comics Studies Society Comics Studies Society official website Comics Studies Society goes public on Feb 14 2016 launches its founding membership drive SciFi Pulse 2016 02 15 a b Washington People Rebecca Wanzo Washington University in St Louis 2017 02 03 About the Comics Studies Society Prizes Comics Studies Society official website Announcement of open membership for new Comics Studies Society Sacred and Sequential 2016 02 19 About Official website of British Consortium of Comics Scholars Comic Studies in the UK and Beyond Learning the Comic Art downthetubes Comics Education and Libraries American Libraries Magazine 2017 05 24 Inks The Comics Studies Society CSS Retrieved 2021 02 12 contains no URL to the Journal a b Regularly Held Conferences Robert G Weiner ed Graphic Novels and Comics in Libraries and Archives Essays on Readers Research History and Cataloging McFarland 2010 p 264 Comics Conference www english ufl edu Archived from the original on 2009 11 29 Retrieved 2009 11 21 Matthew Smith Randy Duncan 2017 The Secret Origins of Comics Studies Taylor amp Francis p 316 ISBN 978 1 317 50578 5 Gesellschaft fur Comicforschung Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2010 10 22 The Comics Arts Conference and Public Humanities Comics Forum Comics Forum Retrieved 2017 02 02 Works cited Edit Beaty Bart 2012 Comics Versus Art University of Toronto Press ISBN 978 1 4426 9627 3 Groensteen Thierry Spring 2012 The Current State of French Comics Theory Scandinavian Journal of Comic Art 1 1 111 122 Grove Laurence 2010 Comics in French The European Bande Dessinee in Context Berghahn Books ISBN 978 1 84545 588 0 Harvey R C 2001 Comedy at the Juncture of Word and Image In Varnum Robin Gibbons Christina T eds The Language of Comics Word and Image University Press of Mississippi pp 75 96 ISBN 978 1 57806 414 4 Thomas Evan 2010 10 Invisible Art Invisible Planes Invisible People In Aldama Frederick Luis ed Multicultural Comics From Zap to Blue Beetle University of Texas Press ISBN 978 0 292 73743 3 Further reading EditAyaka Carolene and Ian Hague eds Representing Multiculturalism in Comics and Graphic Novels Routledge 2014 Bongco Mila Reading Comics Language Culture and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books Routledge 2014 Bonura Massimo Provenzano Federico Teorie e Storia del Fumetto Il fumetto e le sue teorie comunicative Palermo Zap edizioni 2017 Bramlett Frank ed Linguistics and the Study of Comics Springer 2012 Bramlett Frank Roy Cook and Aaron Meskin eds The Routledge Companion to Comics Routledge 2016 Burke Liam The Comic Book Film Adaptation Exploring Modern Hollywood s Leading Genre University Press of Mississippi 2015 Caswell Lucy Shelton and Jared Gardner Drawing the Line Comics Studies and INKS 1994 1997 Ohio State University Press 2017 Claudio Esther and Julio Canero eds On the Edge of the Panel Essays on Comics Criticism Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2015 Cohn Neil ed The Visual Narrative Reader Bloomsbury 2016 Cowling Sam and Wesley Cray Philosophy of Comics An Introduction Bloomsbury 2022 del Rey Cabero Enrique 2021 How to Study Comics amp Graphic Novels A Graphic Introduction to Comics Studies Michael Goodrum Josean Morlesin Mellado Oxford ISBN 978 1 8383792 1 6 OCLC 1301199489 Denson Shane Christina Meyer Daniel Stein Transnational Perspectives on Graphic Narratives Comics at the Crossroads Bloomsbury 2013 DiPaolo Marc War Politics and Superheroes Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film McFarland 2011 Dong Lan ed Teaching Comics and Graphic Narratives Essays on Theory Strategy and Practice McFarland 2012 Duncan Randy and Matthew J Smith The Power of Comics History Form and Culture Continuum 2009 Earle Harriet Comics Trauma and the New Art of War University Press of Mississippi 2017 Fawaz Ramzi Deborah Whaley and Shelley Streeby eds Keywords for Comics Studies NYU Press 2021 Fuchs Wolfgang J and Reinhold Reitberger Comics Anatomy of a Mass Medium Little Brown amp Co 1972 Gravett Paul Comics Art Yale University Press 2013 Groensteen Thierry Comics and Narration University Press of Mississippi 2013 Groensteen Thierry The System of Comics University Press of Mississippi 2009 Hague Ian Comics and the Senses A Multisensory Approach to Comics and Graphic Novels Routledge 2014 Hatfield Charles Alternative Comics An Emerging Literature University Press of Mississippi 2005 Hatfield Charles and Bart Beaty eds Comics Studies A Guidebook Rutgers University Press 2020 Heer Jeet and Kent Worcester eds A Comics Studies Reader University Press of Mississippi 2009 Klock Geoff How to Read Superhero Comics and Why Continuum 2002 Kukkonen Karin Studying Comics and Graphic Novels Wiley Blackwell 2013 Kukkonen Karin Contemporary Comics Storytelling University of Nebraska Press 2013 Lund Martin Re Constructing the Man of Steel Superman 1938 1941 Jewish American History and the Invention of the Jewish Comics Connection Palgrave Macmillan 2016 Magnussen Anne and Hans Christian Christiansen eds Comics amp Culture Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics Museum Tusculanum Press 2000 McLaughlin Jeff ed Comics as Philosophy University Press of Mississippi 2005 McLaughlin Jeff ed Graphic Novels as Philosophy University Press of Mississippi 2017 Meesters Gert Creativity in Comics Exploring the Frontiers of the Medium by Respecting Explicit Self imposed Constraints in Tony Veale Kurt Feyaerts Charles Forceville ed Creativity and the Agile Mind A Multi Disciplinary Study of a Multi Faceted Phenomenon Walter de Gruyter 2013 pp 275 292 Miller Ann and Bart Beaty eds The French Comics Theory Reader Leuven University Press 2014 Miodrag Hannah Comics and Language Reimagining Critical Discourse on the Form University Press of Mississippi 2013 Pizzino Christopher Arresting Development Comics at the Boundaries of Literature U of Texas Press 2016 Postema Barbara Narrative Structure in Comics Making Sense of Fragments Boydell amp Brewer 2013 Reynolds Richard Super Heroes A Modern Mythology University Press of Mississippi 1994 Saraceni Mario The Language of Comics Routledge 2003 Schmitz Emans Monika ed Comic und Literatur Konstellationen Walter de Gruyter 2012 Smith Matthew and Randy Duncan eds Critical Approaches to Comics Theories and Methods Routledge 2012 Smith Matthew and Randy Duncan eds The Secret Origins of Comics Studies Routledge 2017 Stein Daniel and Jan Noel Thon eds From Comic Strips to Graphic Novels Contributions to the Theory and History of Graphic Narrative Walter de Gruyter 2015 Weiner Robert G ed Graphic Novels and Comics in Libraries and Archives Essays on Readers Research History and Cataloging McFarland 2010 Wolk Douglas Reading Comics How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean Da Capo Press 2008 Historiography Edit Barrier J Michael and Martin Williams A Smithsonian Book of Comic Book Comics Smithsonian Institution Press 1982 ISBN 978 0874742282 Blackbeard Bill and Martin Williams editors The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics Smithsonian Institution Press 1977 ISBN 978 0874741728 Blackbeard Bill and Dale Crain The Comic Strip Century Celebrating 100 Years of an American Art Form Kitchen Sink Press 1995 ISBN 9780878163557 Booker M Keith ed Comics through Time A History of Icons Idols and Ideas Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO 2014 Booker M Keith ed Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO 2010 Couperie Pierre C and Maurice Horn editors A History of the Comic Strip Crown Publishers 1968 Craven Thomas editor Cartoon Cavalcade A Collection of the Best American Humorous Cartoons from the Turn of the Century to the Present Simon amp Schuster 1943 Feiffer Jules The Great Comic Book Heroes The Origins and Early Adventures of the Classic Super Heroes of the Comic Books Dial Press 1965 Gabilliet Jean Paul Of Comics and Men A Cultural History of American Comic Books University Press of Mississippi 2010 Goulart Ron The Adventurous Decade Comic Strips In the Thirties Crown Publishers 1975 ISBN 9780870002526 Goulart Ron The Great Comic Book Artists St Martin s Press 1986 ISBN 978 0312345570 Goulart Ron Ron Goulart s Great History of Comic Books the Definitive Illustrated History from the 1890s to the 1980s Contemporary Books 1986 ISBN 978 0809250455 Goulart Ron The Encyclopedia of American Comics From 1897 to the Present Facts on File 1991 ISBN 978 0816018529 Goulart Ron The Comic Book Reader s Companion an A Z Guide to Everyone s Favorite Art Form Harper Perennial 1993 ISBN 9780062731173 Goulart Ron The Funnies 100 Years of American Comic Strips Adams Media Corp 1995 ISBN 9781558505391 Goulart Ron Comic Book Encyclopedia The Ultimate Guide to Characters Graphic Novels Writers and Artists in the Comic Book Universe HarperCollins 2004 ISBN 978 0060538163 Hajdu David The Ten Cent Plague The Great Comic Book Scare and How It Changed America Picador 2009 originally Farrar Straus and Giroux 2008 Harvey R C The Art of the Funnies An Aesthetic History University Press of Mississippi 1994 ISBN 978 0878056743 Harvey R C The Art of the Comic Book An Aesthetic History University Press of Mississippi 1996 ISBN 978 0878057580 Horn Maurice editor The World Encyclopedia of Comics Chelsea House 1976 ISBN 978 0877540304 Horn Maurice The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons Chelsea House 1979 ISBN 978 0877541219 Horn Maurice editor 100 Years of American Newspaper Comics An Illustrated Encyclopedia Gramercy Books 1996 ISBN 978 0517124475 Kunzle David The Early Comic Strip Narrative Strips and Picture Stories in the European Broadsheet from c 1450 to 1825 University of California Press 1973 Jacobs Will and Gerard Jones The Comic Book Heroes The First History of Modern Comic Books From the Silver Age to the Present Crown Publishers 1985 ISBN 978 0517554401 Jones Gerard Men of Tomorrow Geeks Gangsters and the Birth of the Comic Book Basic Books 2005 Marschall Rick America s Great Comic Strip Artists From the Yellow Kid to Peanuts Abbeville Press 1989 ISBN 978 0896599178 Petersen Robert S Comics Manga and Graphic Novels A History of Graphic Narratives ABC CLIO 2011 Pustz Matthew ed Comic Books and American Cultural History An Anthology Continuum 2012 Sheridan Martin Comics and Their Creators Life Stories of American Cartoonists Hale Cushman amp Flint 1942 Steranko Jim The Steranko History of Comics vol 1 Supergraphics 1970 ISBN 0 517 50188 0 Steranko Jim The Steranko History of Comics vol 2 Supergraphics 1972 ISBN 978 0517501887 Walker Brian The Comics Before 1945 Harry N Abrams 2004 ISBN 978 0810949706 Walker Brian The Comics Since 1945 Harry N Abrams 2006 ISBN 978 0810992603 Waugh Colton The Comics Macmillan 1947 Williams Paul and James Lyons eds The Rise of the American Comics Artist Creators and Contexts University Press of Mississippi 2010 Wright Bradford W Comic Book Nation The Transformation of Youth Culture in America Johns Hopkins University Press 2001 External links EditThe National Association of Comic Art Educators page ComicsResearch org Comics in the Classroom The Institute for Comics Studies defunct Comics Research annotated bibliographies for comics scholarship Comic book annotations and bibliographies Online Bibliographies of Anime and Manga research Neil Cohn s Visual Language Lab website Cognitive Comics A Constructivist Approach to Sequential Art The Comics Grid Journal of Comics Scholarship The Comics Studies Society CSS Inks their journal publisher s site The Japan Society for Studies in Cartoons and Comics JSSCC Nihon manga gakkai Association des Critiques et journalistes de Bande Dessinee CuCo Cuadernos de Comic Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre la Historieta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Comics studies amp oldid 1129046737 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