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Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège

April 18, 2024

The Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège were successive expatriate institutions for Roman Catholic higher education run by the Jesuits for English students.

Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège
Location
Spanish Netherlands
Information
TypeRoman Catholic (Jesuits)
Established1593 (St Omer), 1762 (Bruges), 1773 (Liège)
Founded byFather Robert Parsons SJ
Succeeded byStonyhurst College

Founded in 1593 by Robert Parsons as the College of Saint-Omer in Artois (then part of the Spanish Netherlands),[1] in the 18th century the college was twice forced to relocate, due to the suppression of the Jesuit order in France.

In 1762 most masters and students moved to Bruges and in 1773 on to Liège, leaving a smaller college surviving in St Omer. In 1774, those in Liège migrated a third and final time to Stonyhurst in England, founding Stonyhurst College.[1]

Foundation edit

 
Fr Robert Parsons SJ

During the reign of Elizabeth I, religious education for Roman Catholics was subject to penal legislation in England. English members of the Church of Rome created colleges in continental Europe to make up for this, the English College, Douai, the English College in Rome, the English College, Valladolid, and others at Madrid and Seville, but these were primarily for training priests. In particular, the Douai college was associated with the faculty of theology of the University of Douai.

Robert Parsons (1546–1610), had been instrumental in founding the College at Valladolid, but recognised a need for a school for young laymen. Saint-Omer was chosen as a site conveniently close to England, just 24 miles from Calais, and ruled by Catholic Spain as part of Flanders. It was also near the University of Douai, where Catholic scholars had edited and published the Douay–Rheims Bible.

The college was founded in 1593 as the English Jesuit College at St Omer in Flanders (in Spanish Netherlands) (although an alternative tradition dates the founding to 1592).[2] In 1599, it gained the direct patronage of King Philip of Spain. After an initial period of growth and prosperity, the unrest caused by the English Civil War resulted in a decline in students being sent from England, and the number dropped to as low as 24 in 1645. When stability returned to the English government, the school regained students and revived its programs.

French rule edit

 
Saint-Omer College English Jesuit chapel

In 1658 Spain formally ceded St. Omer and much of the province of Artois to France. The Catholic French monarchy was as friendly to the school as the Spanish crown had been before. As the eighteenth century began, two fires ravaged the town and the university, but each time it was rebuilt, and even expanded. Buildings from the second reconstruction in the 1720s remained in use into the twentieth century. They were used during World War I as a military hospital.

The college enjoyed its greatest period of prosperity from around 1720 to 1762. During the period when formal sworn affiliation with the Church of England was required for students to attend Oxford and Cambridge, St. Omer provided higher education for several generations of English Catholics. Since the colleges founded in the American colonies were also affiliated with the Anglican and Protestant churches, the wealthier Catholic families (initially primarily from Maryland) sent their young men to St Omer to be educated.

Bruges, Liège, Stonyhurst edit

 
Bruges

In 1762, during a time of rising social tensions, France formally expelled the Jesuits from the country. This resulted in the college's decline and eventual end. The expulsion split the college. The Jesuit masters and many of the students fled to the Austrian Netherlands, now part of modern Belgium, moving first to Bruges, and then to Liège, where the college operated under the protection of the Bishop of Liège from 1773.

King Louis XV continued the college at St. Omer, under the direction of secular clergy. When the Jesuit order was suppressed everywhere in 1773, the dual system ended, but the college never regained its prominence.

 
Stonyhurst College

In 1793, the French Revolution weakened the college at Saint Omer, and France’s declaration of war on Great Britain finally ended it. The English masters and students were interned until February 1795. Meanwhile, the English penal laws and resulting discrimination had changed, and Roman Catholic education was now possible in England. Once released in France, some of the staff and most of the hundred remaining students went to England, to avoid the war on the European continent. A former member, Thomas Weld, donated a mansion and grounds at Stonyhurst, in Lancashire.

The modern Stonyhurst College continues to this day as a direct lineal descendant of the College of Saint-Omer. In France, the Lycée Alexandre Ribot was developed on the site of the former Jesuit college in Saint Omer.

Heythrop College, University of London, the now-defunct specialist Philosophy and Theology constituent College of the University of London, shared its (1614) foundation in Liège with Stonyhurst College.

Notable alumni edit

 
William Ireland

Alumni include: three Saints,[3] twelve Beati,[3] and twenty-two martyrs.[3]

Rectors and superiors edit

 
Edward Petre

Below is a list of college rectors from its foundation until the move to England.[9] Marmaduke Stone, the last President of Liège, was also the first President of Stonyhurst College. In 1803 he helped to re-establish the Society of Jesus in Britain, beginning at Stonyhurst.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Pollen, John Hungerford (1911). "Robert Persons" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11.
  2. ^ The Authorities of Stonyhurst College, A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others, (Stonyhurst, Lancashire. Third edition 1963) pp.11–12
  3. ^ a b c T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst, p.188
  4. ^ Warner, William W. (1994). "Part II: The Church". At Peace with All Their Neighbors: Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital, 1787–1860. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1589012431. from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  5. ^ Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 89: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Dramatists, Third Series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Paula R. Backscheider, University of Rochester. The Gale Group, 1989. pp. 265–280.
  6. ^ Burton, Edwin. "Charles Plowden." The New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 12, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 12 January 2019
  7. ^ "TALBOT, Gilbert, alias Grey, Father, the Right Honourable, thirteenth Earl of Shrewsbury" in Henry Foley, Records of the English province of the Society of Jesus (1875), pp. 754–755
  8. ^ a b c Whitehead, Maurice (2003). "In the Sincerest Intentions of Studying: The Educational Legacy of Thomas Weld (1750–1810), Founder of Stonyhurst College". Recusant History. 26: 169–193. doi:10.1017/S0034193200030764. S2CID 163342081.
  9. ^ T. E. Muir, Stonyhurst College

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Collège des Jésuites anglais (Saint-Omer).

April 18, 2024
colleges, omer, bruges, liège, were, successive, expatriate, institutions, roman, catholic, higher, education, jesuits, english, students, locationspanish, netherlandsinformationtyperoman, catholic, jesuits, established1593, omer, 1762, bruges, 1773, liège, fo. The Colleges of St Omer Bruges and Liege were successive expatriate institutions for Roman Catholic higher education run by the Jesuits for English students Colleges of St Omer Bruges and LiegeLocationSpanish NetherlandsInformationTypeRoman Catholic Jesuits Established1593 St Omer 1762 Bruges 1773 Liege Founded byFather Robert Parsons SJSucceeded byStonyhurst College Founded in 1593 by Robert Parsons as the College of Saint Omer in Artois then part of the Spanish Netherlands 1 in the 18th century the college was twice forced to relocate due to the suppression of the Jesuit order in France In 1762 most masters and students moved to Bruges and in 1773 on to Liege leaving a smaller college surviving in St Omer In 1774 those in Liege migrated a third and final time to Stonyhurst in England founding Stonyhurst College 1 Contents 1 Foundation 2 French rule 3 Bruges Liege Stonyhurst 4 Notable alumni 5 Rectors and superiors 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksFoundation edit nbsp Fr Robert Parsons SJ During the reign of Elizabeth I religious education for Roman Catholics was subject to penal legislation in England English members of the Church of Rome created colleges in continental Europe to make up for this the English College Douai the English College in Rome the English College Valladolid and others at Madrid and Seville but these were primarily for training priests In particular the Douai college was associated with the faculty of theology of the University of Douai Robert Parsons 1546 1610 had been instrumental in founding the College at Valladolid but recognised a need for a school for young laymen Saint Omer was chosen as a site conveniently close to England just 24 miles from Calais and ruled by Catholic Spain as part of Flanders It was also near the University of Douai where Catholic scholars had edited and published the Douay Rheims Bible The college was founded in 1593 as the English Jesuit College at St Omer in Flanders in Spanish Netherlands although an alternative tradition dates the founding to 1592 2 In 1599 it gained the direct patronage of King Philip of Spain After an initial period of growth and prosperity the unrest caused by the English Civil War resulted in a decline in students being sent from England and the number dropped to as low as 24 in 1645 When stability returned to the English government the school regained students and revived its programs French rule edit nbsp Saint Omer College English Jesuit chapel In 1658 Spain formally ceded St Omer and much of the province of Artois to France The Catholic French monarchy was as friendly to the school as the Spanish crown had been before As the eighteenth century began two fires ravaged the town and the university but each time it was rebuilt and even expanded Buildings from the second reconstruction in the 1720s remained in use into the twentieth century They were used during World War I as a military hospital The college enjoyed its greatest period of prosperity from around 1720 to 1762 During the period when formal sworn affiliation with the Church of England was required for students to attend Oxford and Cambridge St Omer provided higher education for several generations of English Catholics Since the colleges founded in the American colonies were also affiliated with the Anglican and Protestant churches the wealthier Catholic families initially primarily from Maryland sent their young men to St Omer to be educated Bruges Liege Stonyhurst edit nbsp Bruges In 1762 during a time of rising social tensions France formally expelled the Jesuits from the country This resulted in the college s decline and eventual end The expulsion split the college The Jesuit masters and many of the students fled to the Austrian Netherlands now part of modern Belgium moving first to Bruges and then to Liege where the college operated under the protection of the Bishop of Liege from 1773 King Louis XV continued the college at St Omer under the direction of secular clergy When the Jesuit order was suppressed everywhere in 1773 the dual system ended but the college never regained its prominence nbsp Stonyhurst College In 1793 the French Revolution weakened the college at Saint Omer and France s declaration of war on Great Britain finally ended it The English masters and students were interned until February 1795 Meanwhile the English penal laws and resulting discrimination had changed and Roman Catholic education was now possible in England Once released in France some of the staff and most of the hundred remaining students went to England to avoid the war on the European continent A former member Thomas Weld donated a mansion and grounds at Stonyhurst in Lancashire The modern Stonyhurst College continues to this day as a direct lineal descendant of the College of Saint Omer In France the Lycee Alexandre Ribot was developed on the site of the former Jesuit college in Saint Omer Heythrop College University of London the now defunct specialist Philosophy and Theology constituent College of the University of London shared its 1614 foundation in Liege with Stonyhurst College Notable alumni edit nbsp William Ireland Alumni include three Saints 3 twelve Beati 3 and twenty two martyrs 3 St Philip Evans SJ executed at Cardiff in 1679 St Thomas Garnet SJ protomartyr of St Omers one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales executed at Tyburn in 1608 St John Plessington executed at Chester in 1679 Aedanus Burke Chief Justice of South Carolina Archbishop John Carroll SJ first Archbishop of Baltimore and founder of Georgetown University in Washington D C the oldest Catholic university in the United States Charles Carroll Maryland delegate signer of the Declaration of Independence Daniel Carroll brother of John and cousin of Charles was one of only five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution Christopher G Champlin politician from Rhode Island Maurice Ewens English Jesuit and author William Ireland Jesuit William Matthews first American born Catholic priest 4 Arthur Murphy English barrister journalist actor biographer translator and playwright 5 Charles Plowden Jesuit teacher and writer He was chaplain at Lulworth Castle 6 Gilbert Talbot SJ known as Father Grey 7 Edward Weld of Lulworth Castle heir and landowner First husband of Maria Fitzherbert 8 John Weld 1743 1759 second son of Edward Weld Senior 8 Thomas Weld of Lulworth fourth son of Edward Weld 1705 1761 bibliophile philanthropist and great benefactor of English Jesuits 8 Rectors and superiors edit nbsp Edward Petre Below is a list of college rectors from its foundation until the move to England 9 Marmaduke Stone the last President of Liege was also the first President of Stonyhurst College In 1803 he helped to re establish the Society of Jesus in Britain beginning at Stonyhurst St Omer 1593 1762 Superior William Flack SJ 1593 1594 Rectors Jean Foucart SJ 1594 1601 Gilles Schoondonck SJ 1601 1617 Philippe Dentiers SJ 1617 1621 William Baldwin SJ 1621 1632 Thomas Worsley SJ 1632 1637 Thomas Port SJ 1637 1646 Edward Courtney SJ 1646 1649 Henry More SJ 1649 1660 Richard Barton SJ 1660 1669 Thomas Cary SJ 1669 1672 Richard Ashby SJ 1672 1679 Thomas Stapleton SJ 1679 1683 John Warner SJ 1683 1688 Michael Constable SJ 1688 1693 Edward Petre SJ 1693 1697 William Walton SJ 1697 1701 Henry Humberston SJ 1701 1705 Edward Slaughter SJ 1705 1709 Richard Plowden SJ 1709 1712 Louis Sabran SJ 1712 1715 Francis Powell SJ 1715 1720 William Darell SJ 1720 1721 John Turberville SJ 1721 1722 James Gooden SJ 1722 1725 Richard Plowden SJ 1725 1728 Richard Hyde SJ 1728 1731 Thomas Eccleston SJ 1731 1737 Marmaduke Constable SJ 1737 1739 Percy Plowden SJ 1739 1742 Richard Hyde SJ 1742 1745 Charles Wells SJ 1745 1748 Nathaniel Elliott SJ 1748 1752 John Darell SJ 1752 1759 Francis Scarisbrick SJ 1759 1762 Bruges 1762 1773 Nathaniel Elliott SJ 1762 1766 Thomas Lawson SJ 1766 1769 Thomas Stanley SJ 1769 1772 Thomas Angier SJ 1772 1773 Liege 1773 1794 Director John Howard SJ 1773 1783 Presidents William Strickland SJ 1783 1790 Marmaduke Stone SJ 1790 1794 See also editLycee Alexandre Ribot English College Douai List of Jesuit sitesReferences edit a b Pollen John Hungerford 1911 Robert Persons Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 11 The Authorities of Stonyhurst College A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others Stonyhurst Lancashire Third edition 1963 pp 11 12 a b c T E Muir Stonyhurst p 188 Warner William W 1994 Part II The Church At Peace with All Their Neighbors Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital 1787 1860 Washington D C Georgetown University Press p 102 ISBN 978 1589012431 Archived from the original on 9 September 2018 Retrieved 14 March 2018 Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume 89 Restoration and Eighteenth Century Dramatists Third Series A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book Edited by Paula R Backscheider University of Rochester The Gale Group 1989 pp 265 280 Burton Edwin Charles Plowden The New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 12 New York Robert Appleton Company 1911 12 January 2019 TALBOT Gilbert alias Grey Father the Right Honourable thirteenth Earl of Shrewsbury in Henry Foley Records of the English province of the Society of Jesus 1875 pp 754 755 a b c Whitehead Maurice 2003 In the Sincerest Intentions of Studying The Educational Legacy of Thomas Weld 1750 1810 Founder of Stonyhurst College Recusant History 26 169 193 doi 10 1017 S0034193200030764 S2CID 163342081 T E Muir Stonyhurst CollegeExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to College des Jesuites anglais Saint Omer Stonyhurst web site Ward Bernard Nicholas 1912 College of Saint Omer Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 13 Irwin Francis Joseph 1912 Stonyhurst College Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Colleges of St Omer Bruges and Liege amp oldid 1217037670, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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