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Shiva hypothesis

April 12, 2024

The Shiva hypothesis, also known as coherent catastrophism, is the idea that global natural catastrophes on Earth, such as extinction events, happen at regular intervals because of the periodic motion of the Sun in relation to the Milky Way galaxy.

Initial proposal in 1979 edit

William Napier and Victor Clube in their 1979 Nature article, ”A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism”,[1] proposed the idea that gravitational disturbances caused by the Solar System crossing the plane of the Milky Way galaxy are enough to disturb comets in the Oort cloud surrounding the Solar System. This sends comets in towards the inner Solar System, which raises the chance of an impact. According to the hypothesis, this results in the Earth experiencing large impact events about every 30 million years (such as the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event).

Later work by Rampino edit

Starting in 1984, Michael R. Rampino published followup research on the hypothesis. Certainly Rampino was aware of Napier and Clube's earlier publication, as Rampino and Stothers' letter to Nature in 1984 references it.[2]

In the 1990s, Rampino and Bruce Haggerty renamed Napier and Clube's Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism after Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction.[3] In 2020, Rampino and colleagues published non-marine evidence corroborating previous marine evidence in support of the Shiva hypothesis.[4]

Similar theories edit

The Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy, rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy, could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth.[5] However, a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation.[6]

The Shiva Hypothesis may have inspired yet another theory: that a brown dwarf named Nemesis causes extinctions every 26 million years, which varies slightly from 30 million years.[7]

Criticism edit

The idea of extinction periodicity has been criticised due to the fact that the hypothesis assumes that most or all extinction events have the same cause, when evidence suggests that extinctions are likely the result of a variety of causes that are unlikely to be cyclically induced.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Napier, WM; Clube, SVM (1979). "A theory of terrestrial catastrophism". Nature. 282 (5738): 455–459. Bibcode:1979Natur.282..455N. doi:10.1038/282455a0. S2CID 35238984.
  2. ^ Rampino, Michael R; Stothers, Richard B (1984). "Terrestrial mass extinctions, cometary impacts and the Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane". Nature. 308 (5961): 709–712. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..709R. doi:10.1038/308709a0. S2CID 4256690.
  3. ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Haggerty, Bruce M. (February 1996). "The ?Shiva Hypothesis?: Impacts, mass extinctions, and the galaxy". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 72 (1–3): 441–460. Bibcode:1996EM&P...72..441R. doi:10.1007/BF00117548. S2CID 189901526.
  4. ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Caldeira, Ken; Zhu, Yuhong (2020). "A 27.5-My underlying periodicity detected in extinction episodes of non-marine tetrapods". Historical Biology. 33 (11): 3084–3090. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1849178.
  5. ^ Gillman, M.; Erenler, H. (2008). "The galactic cycle of extinction" (PDF). International Journal of Astrobiology. 7 (1): 17–26. Bibcode:2008IJAsB...7...17G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.384.9224. doi:10.1017/S1473550408004047. S2CID 31391193.
  6. ^ Overholt, Andrew C.; Melott, Adrian L.; Pohl, Martin (2009). "Testing the Link Between Terrestrial Climate Change and Galactic Spiral Arm Transit". The Astrophysical Journal. 705 (2): L101–L103. arXiv:0906.2777. Bibcode:2009ApJ...705L.101O. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L101. S2CID 734824.
  7. ^ Leslie Mullen. . Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-03-14. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  8. ^ Algeo, Thomas J; Shen, Jun (2023-09-08). "Theory and classification of mass extinction causation". National Science Review. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwad237. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 10727847.

External links edit

  • Napier and Clube's 1979 article "A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism"
  • A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino
  • Asteroid/Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions, by Michael Paine
  • The "Shiva Hypothesis": Impacts, Mass Extinctions, and the Galaxy, by Rampino and Haggerty
  • The Shiva hypothesis: impacts, mass extinctions, and the Galaxy, by Rampino, M. R.
  • The correlation between mas extinctions and impacts of near-Earth objects. The review of Shiva hypothesis, by Yang Su, Yi Xia and Yanan Zhang.

April 12, 2024
shiva, hypothesis, also, known, coherent, catastrophism, idea, that, global, natural, catastrophes, earth, such, extinction, events, happen, regular, intervals, because, periodic, motion, relation, milky, galaxy, contents, initial, proposal, 1979, later, work,. The Shiva hypothesis also known as coherent catastrophism is the idea that global natural catastrophes on Earth such as extinction events happen at regular intervals because of the periodic motion of the Sun in relation to the Milky Way galaxy Contents 1 Initial proposal in 1979 2 Later work by Rampino 3 Similar theories 4 Criticism 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksInitial proposal in 1979 editWilliam Napier and Victor Clube in their 1979 Nature article A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism 1 proposed the idea that gravitational disturbances caused by the Solar System crossing the plane of the Milky Way galaxy are enough to disturb comets in the Oort cloud surrounding the Solar System This sends comets in towards the inner Solar System which raises the chance of an impact According to the hypothesis this results in the Earth experiencing large impact events about every 30 million years such as the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event Later work by Rampino editStarting in 1984 Michael R Rampino published followup research on the hypothesis Certainly Rampino was aware of Napier and Clube s earlier publication as Rampino and Stothers letter to Nature in 1984 references it 2 In the 1990s Rampino and Bruce Haggerty renamed Napier and Clube s Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism after Shiva the Hindu god of destruction 3 In 2020 Rampino and colleagues published non marine evidence corroborating previous marine evidence in support of the Shiva hypothesis 4 Similar theories editThe Sun s passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth 5 However a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun s transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation 6 The Shiva Hypothesis may have inspired yet another theory that a brown dwarf named Nemesis causes extinctions every 26 million years which varies slightly from 30 million years 7 Criticism editThe idea of extinction periodicity has been criticised due to the fact that the hypothesis assumes that most or all extinction events have the same cause when evidence suggests that extinctions are likely the result of a variety of causes that are unlikely to be cyclically induced 8 See also editLocal Bubble Tyche hypothetical planet References edit Napier WM Clube SVM 1979 A theory of terrestrial catastrophism Nature 282 5738 455 459 Bibcode 1979Natur 282 455N doi 10 1038 282455a0 S2CID 35238984 Rampino Michael R Stothers Richard B 1984 Terrestrial mass extinctions cometary impacts and the Sun s motion perpendicular to the galactic plane Nature 308 5961 709 712 Bibcode 1984Natur 308 709R doi 10 1038 308709a0 S2CID 4256690 Rampino Michael R Haggerty Bruce M February 1996 The Shiva Hypothesis Impacts mass extinctions and the galaxy Earth Moon and Planets 72 1 3 441 460 Bibcode 1996EM amp P 72 441R doi 10 1007 BF00117548 S2CID 189901526 Rampino Michael R Caldeira Ken Zhu Yuhong 2020 A 27 5 My underlying periodicity detected in extinction episodes of non marine tetrapods Historical Biology 33 11 3084 3090 doi 10 1080 08912963 2020 1849178 Gillman M Erenler H 2008 The galactic cycle of extinction PDF International Journal of Astrobiology 7 1 17 26 Bibcode 2008IJAsB 7 17G CiteSeerX 10 1 1 384 9224 doi 10 1017 S1473550408004047 S2CID 31391193 Overholt Andrew C Melott Adrian L Pohl Martin 2009 Testing the Link Between Terrestrial Climate Change and Galactic Spiral Arm Transit The Astrophysical Journal 705 2 L101 L103 arXiv 0906 2777 Bibcode 2009ApJ 705L 101O doi 10 1088 0004 637X 705 2 L101 S2CID 734824 Leslie Mullen Getting WISE About Nemesis Astrobiology Magazine Archived from the original on 2010 03 14 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Algeo Thomas J Shen Jun 2023 09 08 Theory and classification of mass extinction causation National Science Review doi 10 1093 nsr nwad237 ISSN 2095 5138 PMC 10727847 External links editNapier and Clube s 1979 article A Theory of Terrestrial Catastrophism A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino Asteroid Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions by Michael Paine The Shiva Hypothesis Impacts Mass Extinctions and the Galaxy by Rampino and Haggerty The Shiva hypothesis impacts mass extinctions and the Galaxy by Rampino M R The correlation between mas extinctions and impacts of near Earth objects The review of Shiva hypothesis by Yang Su Yi Xia and Yanan Zhang Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shiva hypothesis amp oldid 1193464948, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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