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Blue Sky with a White Sun

March 13, 2024

"National Emblem of the Republic of China" redirects here. For the emblem of China since 1949, see National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.

The Blue Sky with a White Sun (Chinese: 青天白日; pinyin: Qīngtīan Báirì) is the national emblem of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

National Emblem of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Armiger Taiwan
Adopted17 December 1928; 95 years ago (1928-12-17) (Nationalist government)
25 October 1945; 78 years ago (1945-10-25) (Taiwan)
Party Emblem of the Kuomintang
ArmigerKuomintang
Kuomintang
"Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag (青天白日旗)
UseKuomintang party flag and the ROC naval jack
Proportion2:3
Adopted1895; 129 years ago (1895)
DesignA white sun with twelve rays on blue background.
Designed byLu Haodong

In the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" symbol, the twelve rays of the white Sun representing the twelve months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours (時辰; shíchen), each of which corresponds to two modern hours and symbolizes the spirit of progress.[citation needed]

Official description edit

The national emblem of the Republic of China is officially described in the National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act:[1]

The national emblem of the Republic of China is a blue sky with a white sun in the following form:

  1. A blue circle.
  2. A white sun in the middle, with 12 white rays with pointed angles.
  3. There is a blue ring between the white sun and the white rays with pointed angles.

The position, angle and ratio of each subparagraph of the previous article are as follows:

  1. The center of the blue background circle is the center of the white sun.
  2. The ratio of the radius of the white sun to the radius of the surrounding blue circle is 1:3.
  3. The length from the center of the white sun to the top of a white ray with a pointed angle is twice the length of the radius of the white sun.
  4. The width of the blue ring between the white sun and the 12 white rays with pointed angles is equivalent to 1/15 of the diameter of the white sun.
  5. The top angle of each white ray with a pointed angle is 30 degrees, with the 12 rays totaling 360 degrees.
  6. The upper, lower, left and right sides of the white rays with pointed angles shall be facing north, south, east and west. The rest shall be evenly spread out.

History of the Blue Sky White Sun design edit

The "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was originally designed by Lu Hao-tung, a martyr of the Republican revolution. He presented his design to represent the revolutionary army at the inauguration of the Society for Regenerating China, an anti-Qing society in Hong Kong, on February 21, 1895.[2]

During the Wuchang Uprising in 1911 that heralded the Republic of China, the various revolutionary armies had different flags. Lu Hao-tung's "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was used in the southern provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, while the "18-Star Flag", "Five-Colored Flag", and other designs were used elsewhere.

When the government of the Republic of China was established on January 1, 1912, the "Five-Colored" flag was adopted as the national flag, but Sun Yat-sen did not consider its design appropriate, reasoning that horizontal order implied a hierarchy or class like that which existed during dynastic times. Thus, when he established a rival government in Guangzhou in 1917, he brought over the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag for the party and the "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" (青天白日滿地紅) flag, which was then the naval ensign, for the nation. This officially became the national flag in 1928 while the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was adopted as the naval jack.

The "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" flag has remained the flag of the Republic of China to this day.

National emblem and history edit

Beiyang period edit

Main article: Twelve Symbols national emblem
 
Twelve Symbols national emblem, national emblem of the Republic of China (1913–1928) and the Empire of China (1915–1916).

The national emblem of the Republic of China was derived from the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag. The emblem was designed by He Yingqin at Whampoa Military Academy in 1924 and was set as the national emblem by the Law of national flag and national emblem of the Republic of China in 1928.

On the national emblem rays of sun have some distance to the edge, symbolizing the broadness of the sky, while on Kuomintang emblem the rays reach the edge, symbolizing the spirit of revolution is as powerful as the sun.

The national emblem of the Republic of China from 1913 to 1928 is called Twelve Symbols national emblem, based on the traditional symbols on clothes of ancient Chinese emperors. It was designed by Lu Xun, Qian Daosun and Xu Shoushang on August 28, 1912, and was set as national emblem in February 1913. It remained as the national emblem during the Empire of China from 1915 to 1916. After the Northern Expedition it was replaced by the Blue Sky with a White Sun national emblem in 1928.

Nationalist period edit

See also: Party-State

Since 1928, under the KMT's political tutelage, the Blue Sky with a White Sun Flag shared the same prominence as the ROC flag. A common wall display consisted of the KMT flag perched on the left and the ROC flag perched on the right, each tilted at an angle with a portrait of National Father Sun Yat-sen displayed in the center. After the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of China, the party flag was removed from such a display and the national flag was moved to the center. To promote a sense of national identity, the design of the national emblem was freely available to use and was featured prominently in corporate logos, art during the era.

Taiwanese period edit

Since the ROC government moved to Taiwan and especially in the years since the end of martial law the KMT flag has lost some of its prominence. However, it is still frequently seen on KMT party buildings, in political rallies and other meetings of KMT and the pan-blue coalition.

The flag and the symbol made news during the ROC legislative elections of 2004, when President Chen Shui-bian suggested that the Kuomintang's flag and party emblem violated the ROC's National Emblem Law for being too similar to the national emblem of the Republic of China. Chen stated that the law forbids the ROC's emblem and flag from being used by non-governmental organizations and warned that the KMT would have three months to change its flag and emblem if his Democratic Progressive Party won a majority of seats in the legislature. The KMT responded by asking the government to change the national emblem, saying the KMT emblem existed first. However, the pan-green coalition failed to win a majority, and Chen took no action for the remainder of his presidency.

On 29 January 2021, the Legislative Yuan passed a resolution proposed by the New Power Party on 29 January instructing the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) to look into ways of addressing the issue of the similarity between the national emblem, in use since 1928 for all of China, and the KMT party flag.[7] The MOI responded that through their analysis of the current situation, the change "should not be taken lightly," though suggesting that symbols of political parties could be changed.[8]

Use in other countries edit

The design of "Blue Sky with a White Sun" was used in the unit insignia or coats of arms of some units of the United States Army that fought in World War II. The most famous unit was Merrill's Marauders (officially named the "5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)"), which has the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" as part of its badge. The usage by US troops was a result of cooperation between US and Chinese Expeditionary Force in the China Burma India Theater. Postwar US military units stationed in Taiwan, including the United States Taiwan Defense Command (USTDC) and the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), also used the design in their badges.

Up to now, the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" can still be seen in the emblem of the US Army 75th Ranger Regiment.

Other emblems edit

Historical Taiwanese emblems edit

Taiwan's earliest emblems were used during the European periods.

In 1895, Taiwan was annexed by Japan.[9] The emblem was worn as an official clothing of the Governor's Office in Taiwan which featured a Daijishō with a Sycamore leaf and chrysanthemum branch in a brown circle.[10]

After the end of Japanese period, Taiwan was transferred to the Republic of China which adopted the Blue Sky with a White Sun emblem. This symbol remains in use to this day in Taiwan and by the Kuomintang.

Chinese Taipei edit

Main article: Chinese Taipei

After the People's Republic of China became an IOC member, the ROC began to use the name Chinese Taipei for its competitions. The crest of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee includes symbols of the Olympic Committee and the Chinese Taipei team. At the periphery is a stylized plum blossom that symbolizes the National Flower of the Republic of China. The center of the emblem contains the Olympic rings and the Blue Sky with a White Sun (the proportion of the blue field is between that of the National Emblem of the Republic of China and the Party Emblem of the Kuomintang).[11] The Olympic flag of Chinese Taipei depicts the emblem on a white field.

Subdivisions edit

Provinces (streamlined) edit

Counties edit

Gallery edit

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act, English
  2. ^ "National flag". english.president.gov.tw. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  3. ^ Flight International. April 28, 1938. p. 416 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine (). " EURASIA AVIATION CORP., 97, Jinkee Road, Shanghai."
  4. ^ "Eurasia Aviation Corporation - A German-Chinese Airline in China and its Airmail 1931-1943 by Peter Moeller and Larry D. Sall, paperback in color, 2007, 153 pages, great book on the history of this airline, includes a listing of First Flight covers and catalog values 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine." China Stamp Society. Retrieved on October 4, 2014.
  5. ^ Ballantine, Collin and Pamela Tang. "Chinese airlines: airline colours of China." Airlife, 1995. p. 6. "Chinese Ministry of Communications which declared Eurasia to be a Chinese State-owned airline. The airline then fell into more trouble as a direct result of the continuing Japanese occupation. The fleet of airliners was based in Hong Kong[...]"
  6. ^ Ballantine, Collin and Pamela Tang. "Chinese airlines: airline colours of China." Airlife, 1995. p. 5. "The outcome of this venture was Eurasia Airlines, operating six- seater Junkers W33 airliners across Asia into China."
  7. ^ "Taiwan weighing necessity of changing national emblem". Taiwan News. 30 March 2021.
  8. ^ Wu, Su-wei (10 April 2021). "Report suggests changing KMT emblem". Taipei Times.
  9. ^ "アルテモンド 豆知識 / ななこ織". www.artemondo.co.jp.
  10. ^ "始政四十周年記念台湾博覧会写真帖 - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション". dl.ndl.go.jp.
  11. ^ "謎底揭開：原來中華奧會一直用黨徽出賽". 20 September 2016. from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-18.

Sources edit

  • Hong, Caroline (2004-11-23). "Debate heats up over claims to the sun". Taipei Times. p. 3.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags with blue sky and white sun and Coats of arms of Taiwan.
  • Kuomintang – official website
  • (in Chinese)

March 13, 2024
blue, with, white, national, emblem, republic, china, redirects, here, emblem, china, since, 1949, national, emblem, people, republic, china, chinese, 青天白日, pinyin, qīngtīan, báirì, national, emblem, republic, china, taiwan, national, emblem, republic, china, . National Emblem of the Republic of China redirects here For the emblem of China since 1949 see National Emblem of the People s Republic of China The Blue Sky with a White Sun Chinese 青天白日 pinyin Qingtian Bairi is the national emblem of the Republic of China Taiwan National Emblem of the Republic of China Taiwan Armiger TaiwanAdopted17 December 1928 95 years ago 1928 12 17 Nationalist government 25 October 1945 78 years ago 1945 10 25 Taiwan Party Emblem of the KuomintangArmigerKuomintangKuomintang Blue Sky with a White Sun flag 青天白日旗 UseKuomintang party flag and the ROC naval jackProportion2 3Adopted1895 129 years ago 1895 DesignA white sun with twelve rays on blue background Designed byLu HaodongIn the Blue Sky with a White Sun symbol the twelve rays of the white Sun representing the twelve months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours 時辰 shichen each of which corresponds to two modern hours and symbolizes the spirit of progress citation needed Contents 1 Official description 2 History of the Blue Sky White Sun design 3 National emblem and history 3 1 Beiyang period 3 2 Nationalist period 3 3 Taiwanese period 4 Use in other countries 5 Other emblems 5 1 Historical Taiwanese emblems 5 2 Chinese Taipei 5 3 Subdivisions 5 3 1 Provinces streamlined 5 3 2 Counties 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Citations 8 2 Sources 9 External linksOfficial description editThe national emblem of the Republic of China is officially described in the National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act 1 The national emblem of the Republic of China is a blue sky with a white sun in the following form A blue circle A white sun in the middle with 12 white rays with pointed angles There is a blue ring between the white sun and the white rays with pointed angles The position angle and ratio of each subparagraph of the previous article are as follows The center of the blue background circle is the center of the white sun The ratio of the radius of the white sun to the radius of the surrounding blue circle is 1 3 The length from the center of the white sun to the top of a white ray with a pointed angle is twice the length of the radius of the white sun The width of the blue ring between the white sun and the 12 white rays with pointed angles is equivalent to 1 15 of the diameter of the white sun The top angle of each white ray with a pointed angle is 30 degrees with the 12 rays totaling 360 degrees The upper lower left and right sides of the white rays with pointed angles shall be facing north south east and west The rest shall be evenly spread out History of the Blue Sky White Sun design editThe Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was originally designed by Lu Hao tung a martyr of the Republican revolution He presented his design to represent the revolutionary army at the inauguration of the Society for Regenerating China an anti Qing society in Hong Kong on February 21 1895 2 During the Wuchang Uprising in 1911 that heralded the Republic of China the various revolutionary armies had different flags Lu Hao tung s Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was used in the southern provinces of Guangdong Guangxi Yunnan and Guizhou while the 18 Star Flag Five Colored Flag and other designs were used elsewhere When the government of the Republic of China was established on January 1 1912 the Five Colored flag was adopted as the national flag but Sun Yat sen did not consider its design appropriate reasoning that horizontal order implied a hierarchy or class like that which existed during dynastic times Thus when he established a rival government in Guangzhou in 1917 he brought over the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag for the party and the Blue Sky White Sun and a Wholly Red Earth 青天白日滿地紅 flag which was then the naval ensign for the nation This officially became the national flag in 1928 while the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was adopted as the naval jack The Blue Sky White Sun and a Wholly Red Earth flag has remained the flag of the Republic of China to this day National emblem and history editBeiyang period edit Main article Twelve Symbols national emblem nbsp Twelve Symbols national emblem national emblem of the Republic of China 1913 1928 and the Empire of China 1915 1916 The national emblem of the Republic of China was derived from the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag The emblem was designed by He Yingqin at Whampoa Military Academy in 1924 and was set as the national emblem by the Law of national flag and national emblem of the Republic of China in 1928 On the national emblem rays of sun have some distance to the edge symbolizing the broadness of the sky while on Kuomintang emblem the rays reach the edge symbolizing the spirit of revolution is as powerful as the sun The national emblem of the Republic of China from 1913 to 1928 is called Twelve Symbols national emblem based on the traditional symbols on clothes of ancient Chinese emperors It was designed by Lu Xun Qian Daosun and Xu Shoushang on August 28 1912 and was set as national emblem in February 1913 It remained as the national emblem during the Empire of China from 1915 to 1916 After the Northern Expedition it was replaced by the Blue Sky with a White Sun national emblem in 1928 Nationalist period edit See also Party State Since 1928 under the KMT s political tutelage the Blue Sky with a White Sun Flag shared the same prominence as the ROC flag A common wall display consisted of the KMT flag perched on the left and the ROC flag perched on the right each tilted at an angle with a portrait of National Father Sun Yat sen displayed in the center After the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of China the party flag was removed from such a display and the national flag was moved to the center To promote a sense of national identity the design of the national emblem was freely available to use and was featured prominently in corporate logos art during the era nbsp Emblem of the City of Canton 1926 1949 nbsp Coat of arms of Cardinal Paul Yu Pin Archbishop of Nanking nbsp Roundel of Eurasia Aviation Corporation a defunct Chinese airline headquartered in Shanghai 3 4 5 6 Taiwanese period edit Since the ROC government moved to Taiwan and especially in the years since the end of martial law the KMT flag has lost some of its prominence However it is still frequently seen on KMT party buildings in political rallies and other meetings of KMT and the pan blue coalition The flag and the symbol made news during the ROC legislative elections of 2004 when President Chen Shui bian suggested that the Kuomintang s flag and party emblem violated the ROC s National Emblem Law for being too similar to the national emblem of the Republic of China Chen stated that the law forbids the ROC s emblem and flag from being used by non governmental organizations and warned that the KMT would have three months to change its flag and emblem if his Democratic Progressive Party won a majority of seats in the legislature The KMT responded by asking the government to change the national emblem saying the KMT emblem existed first However the pan green coalition failed to win a majority and Chen took no action for the remainder of his presidency On 29 January 2021 the Legislative Yuan passed a resolution proposed by the New Power Party on 29 January instructing the Ministry of the Interior MOI to look into ways of addressing the issue of the similarity between the national emblem in use since 1928 for all of China and the KMT party flag 7 The MOI responded that through their analysis of the current situation the change should not be taken lightly though suggesting that symbols of political parties could be changed 8 nbsp The KMT sides and ROC center flags displayed at a party building in Kaohsiung nbsp The Taiwan Railway Administration also used KMT emblem as their logo from 1945 to 1950 Use in other countries editThe design of Blue Sky with a White Sun was used in the unit insignia or coats of arms of some units of the United States Army that fought in World War II The most famous unit was Merrill s Marauders officially named the 5307th Composite Unit Provisional which has the Blue Sky with a White Sun as part of its badge The usage by US troops was a result of cooperation between US and Chinese Expeditionary Force in the China Burma India Theater Postwar US military units stationed in Taiwan including the United States Taiwan Defense Command USTDC and the Military Assistance Advisory Group MAAG also used the design in their badges Up to now the Blue Sky with a White Sun can still be seen in the emblem of the US Army 75th Ranger Regiment nbsp China Burma India Theater nbsp Merrill s Marauders nbsp 75th Ranger Regiment nbsp Military Assistance Advisory Group in Taiwan nbsp United States Taiwan Defense Command nbsp Flag of the People s action Party of VietnamOther emblems editHistorical Taiwanese emblems edit Taiwan s earliest emblems were used during the European periods In 1895 Taiwan was annexed by Japan 9 The emblem was worn as an official clothing of the Governor s Office in Taiwan which featured a Daijishō with a Sycamore leaf and chrysanthemum branch in a brown circle 10 After the end of Japanese period Taiwan was transferred to the Republic of China which adopted the Blue Sky with a White Sun emblem This symbol remains in use to this day in Taiwan and by the Kuomintang Chinese Taipei edit Main article Chinese Taipei After the People s Republic of China became an IOC member the ROC began to use the name Chinese Taipei for its competitions The crest of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee includes symbols of the Olympic Committee and the Chinese Taipei team At the periphery is a stylized plum blossom that symbolizes the National Flower of the Republic of China The center of the emblem contains the Olympic rings and the Blue Sky with a White Sun the proportion of the blue field is between that of the National Emblem of the Republic of China and the Party Emblem of the Kuomintang 11 The Olympic flag of Chinese Taipei depicts the emblem on a white field Subdivisions edit Provinces streamlined edit nbsp Fujian 1945 2019 nbsp Taiwan 1945 2018 Counties edit nbsp Changhua County nbsp Chiayi County nbsp Hsinchu County 2016 2019 nbsp Hsinchu County nbsp Hualien County nbsp Hualien County before 2010 nbsp Kinmen County nbsp Lienchiang County nbsp Miaoli County nbsp Nantou County nbsp Penghu County nbsp Pingtung County nbsp Taitung County nbsp Yilan County nbsp Yunlin CountyGallery edit nbsp Spanish Formosa 1624 1642 nbsp Dutch Formosa 1624 1668 nbsp Emblem on the flag of Kingdom of Tungning 1661 1683 nbsp Seal of Taiwan under Qing rule 1683 1895 nbsp Republic of Formosa 1895 nbsp Emblem used during Japanese rule 1895 1945 nbsp Standard of the President of the Republic of China 1928 present modified in 1988 nbsp Emblem of the Republic of China 1928 present and Roundel of the Republic of China Air Force 1991 present nbsp Roundel of the Republic of China Air Force 1928 1991 nbsp Roundel of the Republic of China Air Force 1928 1991 light version nbsp Roundel of the Republic of China Air Force 1991 present light version nbsp Emblem of the National Reorganized Government of the Republic of China 1940 1945 nbsp Emblem of Chinese Taipei 1981 present nbsp Emblem of the Republic of China with encircling text as depicted on Taiwan passports 2021 present See also editHistory of the Republic of China Politics of the Republic of China Chinese Taipei Flag of the Republic of China Proposed flags of TaiwanReferences editCitations edit National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act English National flag english president gov tw Retrieved 2020 11 17 Flight International April 28 1938 p 416 Archived 2014 10 06 at the Wayback Machine Archive EURASIA AVIATION CORP 97 Jinkee Road Shanghai Eurasia Aviation Corporation A German Chinese Airline in China and its Airmail 1931 1943 by Peter Moeller and Larry D Sall paperback in color 2007 153 pages great book on the history of this airline includes a listing of First Flight covers and catalog values Archived 2014 10 06 at the Wayback Machine China Stamp Society Retrieved on October 4 2014 Ballantine Collin and Pamela Tang Chinese airlines airline colours of China Airlife 1995 p 6 Chinese Ministry of Communications which declared Eurasia to be a Chinese State owned airline The airline then fell into more trouble as a direct result of the continuing Japanese occupation The fleet of airliners was based in Hong Kong Ballantine Collin and Pamela Tang Chinese airlines airline colours of China Airlife 1995 p 5 The outcome of this venture was Eurasia Airlines operating six seater Junkers W33 airliners across Asia into China Taiwan weighing necessity of changing national emblem Taiwan News 30 March 2021 Wu Su wei 10 April 2021 Report suggests changing KMT emblem Taipei Times アルテモンド 豆知識 ななこ織 www artemondo co jp 始政四十周年記念台湾博覧会写真帖 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション dl ndl go jp 謎底揭開 原來中華奧會一直用黨徽出賽 20 September 2016 Archived from the original on 2016 12 20 Retrieved 2016 12 18 Sources edit Hong Caroline 2004 11 23 Debate heats up over claims to the sun Taipei Times p 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr Flags with blue sky and white sun and wbr Coats of arms of Taiwan Kuomintang official website sac gov tw 本期專題 奧會模式 in Chinese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blue Sky with a White Sun amp oldid 1212175614 Historical Taiwanese emblems, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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