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Civil disturbances in Western Australia

January 01, 1970

Civil disturbances in Western Australia include race riots, prison riots, and religious conflicts – often Protestant versus Catholic groups.

Kalgoorlie after the 1934 race riots

The earliest civil disturbances were actions by the local indigenous population dealing with European settlers.

Demonstrations and protests are linked to a range of issues over time.

In the convict era, there were collective actions by convicts. Organised labour had to deal with issues on the Goldfields in the 1890s and 1900s with demonstrations and protest actions, while in Perth these occurred in the 1960s and 1970s over war and race issues.

There are some incidents in the 19th century where the causes are less clear. A restricted press and limited means of some groups to gain avenues to express their grievances in a dominated society, means that some disturbances were suppressed literally and disguised in the public record.

In some cases some smaller disturbances (alcohol-related fights) in the Goldfields (Kalgoorlie, Boulder and Coolgardie for instance) would not be considered full-scale riots, but nonetheless the charges found either in newspaper or police records would suggest a significance beyond a simple incidence of drunken behaviour.

Incidents edit

Many of these events/incidents are difficult to find from direct references, and require diligent examination of sources. Some are unlikely to show up in newspaper reports at all. In some cases incidents need checking and more accurate dating.

  • 1834 - Race riots against Lascars (Portuguese creole stokers) - Perth[1]
  • 1853 - Convicts on 'Phoebe Dunbar' - "a disturbance of a rather serious nature" while at anchor.[2]
  • 1854 - Convicts riot over religious issue - Fremantle Prison. Prisoners revolted when mass was cancelled due to the suspension of the Roman Catholic Chaplain for calling the Protestant Chaplain "an Agent of the Devil" during a sermon. Five prisoners received 100 lashes each as an example.[3]

- see also Riots at Fremantle Prison between this date and 1988

  • 1894 - Riot at Mallina - Pilbara Goldfield - over Goldfield Warden Decision -[4]
  • 1897 - Riot after Catholics attacked Protestants during 12th July parade - Coolgardie[5][6]
  • 1898 - Riot in September on leases - Kalgoorlie[7]
  • 1899 - Riot on Wharf during Lumper Strike - Fremantle[8]
  • 1899 - Riot in September on leases over alluvial regulations made by '10 ft Ned' Wittenoom[9][10] - Kalgoorlie
  • 1901 - Conflict between Catholics and Protestants - Kalgoorlie
  • 1901 - Anti-Protestant conflict on 12 July - Boulder 12th July parade
  • 1905 - Race riots - between Chinese, Japanese, Malay - Broome
  • 1905-10? - Race riots Anti-Italian riots - Gwalia and Leonora
  • 1910 - Tramway Strike riots - Perth and East Perth[11]
  • 1914 - Race riots - between Japanese, Malay - Broome[12]
  • 1915 - Race riots - anti-German riot - Fremantle[13]
  • 1916 - Anti-Greek riots - Perth (October), Kalgoorlie (December)[14]
  • 1917 - Anti-Conscription riot - Cue[15]
  • 1919 Fremantle Wharf riot
  • 1919 - Race riots - anti-Slav riot - Fremantle
  • 1919 - Inter union violence Kalgoorlie/Boulder[16]
  • 1919 - Protests against increase in price of beer - Kalgoorlie[17]
  • 1920 - Broome race riots of 1920 - Japanese vs Malay and returned servicemen - Broome[18][19]
  • 1922 - Demonstrations against Mitchell government[20]
  • 1923 (1925?) - Hotel Workers Strike - Perth[21]
  • 1924/6 - Seamen's Strike - Fremantle[22][23][24]
  • 1929 - Mutiny at Fremantle Prison over shaving - Fremantle[citation needed]
  • 1931 - 'Treasury Building' incident - Perth[25][26][27][28]
  • 1934 - Anti-Italian/Slav riot - Kalgoorlie[29]
  • 1940/45 - American/Australian Servicemen incidents - various locations
  • 1944 - 11 April "Huge riot" in Fremantle High st involving 500-600 people[30]
  • 1946 - Pilbara Pastoral Strike[31] meetings in Perth - broken up
  • 1947–55 - 'Cold War Violence' - incidents between CPA, and opponents and police - various locations
  • 1956+ - Dock strike scuffles and incidents - Fremantle[32][33]
  • 1967+ - Demonstration Anti Vietnam war events until the 1970s - various locations
  • 1971 - Demonstration Anti Apartheid/Springbok Tour incidents - various locations
  • 1974+ - Demonstration "54b of Police Act" incidents - various locations[34]
  • 1988 - Fremantle prison riot and Fire - Fremantle
  • 2016 - Aboriginal protest[35] - Kalgoorlie

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Stannage, Tom; Perth (W.A. : Municipality). Council (1979), The people of Perth : a social history of Western Australia's capital city, Carroll's for Perth City Council, ISBN 978-0-909994-86-0
  2. ^ "Domestic Sayings and Doings". The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News. 23 September 1853. p. 3. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  3. ^ "Domestic Sayings and Doings". The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News. 13 January 1854. p. 2. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  4. ^ Accounts in Northern Public Opinion 5th, 12th, 19th, and 26 Sept 1895 see - "NORTHERN PUBLIC OPINION". The Pilbarra Goldfield News. Vol. VI, no. 291. Western Australia. 7 August 1902. p. 2. Retrieved 24 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia. see also Northern public opinion and mining and pastoral news, Alexander Wilkee Watson, 1894, retrieved 24 November 2016 and see also Northern public opinion and mining and pastoral news, Hugh Bismarck Geyer, 1894, retrieved 24 November 2016
  5. ^ "THE COOLGARDIE RIOT". Kalgoorlie Miner. WA. 14 July 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 22 July 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "THE TWELFTH OF JULY". The Inquirer & Commercial News. Perth, WA. 16 July 1897. p. 4. Retrieved 22 July 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ Dwyer, J. J. (John Joseph); HRRC (1899), Alluvial trouble. Diggers released from Fremantle Gaol, demonstration on return to Kalgoorlie, retrieved 18 October 2016
  8. ^ "The Advertiser". Albany Advertiser. WA. 1 April 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 22 July 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "Ten-Foot Ned". Kalgoorlie Miner. Vol. 4, no. 974. Western Australia. 19 January 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 18 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ Webb, Martyn J. (Martyn Jack); Webb, Audrey; Kalgoorlie-Boulder (W.A.). Council; Webb, Martyn; Webb, Audrey (1993), Golden destiny : the centenary history of Kalgoorlie-Boulder and the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia, Published by the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder as a contribution to the centenary celebration of 1993, ISBN 978-0-646-14254-8
  11. ^ "TRAMWAY STRIKE". The Examiner. Vol. LXIX, no. 204. Tasmania, Australia. 27 August 1910. p. 8 (DAILY). Retrieved 18 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "RACIAL RIOT AT BROOME". The West Australian. Vol. XXX, no. 3, 964. Western Australia. 14 December 1914. p. 8. Retrieved 18 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ Latter, Bill (1992), The night of the stones : the anti German riots in Fremantle 1915, retrieved 18 October 2016
  14. ^ Yiannakis, John N; Hesperian Press (1996), Megisti in the antipodes : Castellorizian migration and settlement to W.A., 1890-1990, Hesperian Press, ISBN 978-0-85905-218-4
  15. ^ Oliver War & Peace chapter 3
  16. ^ pp. 78-81 of Williams, Justina (1976), The first furrow, Lone Hand Press, ISBN 978-0-9598402-2-3
  17. ^ Williams, Justina (1976), The first furrow, Lone Hand Press, ISBN 978-0-9598402-2-3 pp. 81-82
  18. ^ Schaper, Michael (1995), "The Broome race riots of 1920", Studies in Western Australian History (16): 112–132, ISSN 0314-7525
  19. ^ Broome riots 26 December 1920, 1920, retrieved 22 July 2015
  20. ^ p.228 ofOliver, Bobbie (1995), War and peace in Western Australia : the social and political impact of the Great War, 1914-1926, University of Western Australia Press, ISBN 978-1-875560-57-8
  21. ^ "WESTERN AUSTRALIA". The West Australian. Vol. XLI, no. 7, 126. Western Australia. 30 March 1925. p. 7. Retrieved 18 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ Gifford, Peter (2005), No winners : the British seamen's strike of 1925, Hesperian Press, ISBN 978-0-85905-355-6
  23. ^ Williams First Furrow pp.95-96
  24. ^ Oliver War and Peace pp.253-256
  25. ^ Williams First Furrow pp.119-122
  26. ^ Bolton, G. C. (Geoffrey Curgenven); Edith Cowan University (1992), A fine country to starve in (New ed.), University of Western Australia Press in association with Edith Cowan University, ISBN 978-1-875560-36-3
  27. ^ S Wilson, Police perceptions of protest: the Perth "Treasury riot" of March 1931, Labour history no 52, May 1987, pp. 63-74
  28. ^ Salmon, Alex (2020). "The 1931 Perth Treasury Building Riot: Unemployed workers during the Great Depression". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  29. ^ Williams First furrow pp. 143-147
  30. ^ many injured, 2 killed see A J Barker, Yanks in Western Australia: The impact of United States Servicemen in Gregory, Jenny (Jennifer Anne) (2000), On the homefront : Western Australia and World War II ([New ed.] ed.), University of Western Australia Press, ISBN 9781875560905, retrieved 24 November 2016 p. 126 and appendix II. see also Barker, Anthony J; Jackson, Lisa, 1970- (1996), Fleeting attraction : a social history of American servicemen in Western Australia during the Second World War, University of Western Australia Press, ISBN 978-1-875560-74-5{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "NATIVE QUESTION". The West Australian. Vol. 62, no. 18, 706. Western Australia. 27 June 1946. p. 11. Retrieved 18 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  32. ^ "STRIKE HOPES HINGE ON ACTU[?] AND CABINET". The Argus (Melbourne). Victoria, Australia. 30 January 1956. p. 5. Retrieved 26 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  33. ^ "WHARFIED TO CHALLENGE 'ILLEGAL STRIKE' RULE". The Argus (Melbourne). Victoria, Australia. 28 January 1956. p. 5. Retrieved 26 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  34. ^ 54B affects you!, Civil Liberties Action Committee, 1980, retrieved 24 November 2016
  35. ^ Kalgoorlie protest: Arrests made, officers injured in violent riot over teen's death, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 31 August 2016, retrieved 4 November 2016

Further reading edit

January 01, 1970
civil, disturbances, western, australia, include, race, riots, prison, riots, religious, conflicts, often, protestant, versus, catholic, groups, kalgoorlie, after, 1934, race, riots, earliest, civil, disturbances, were, actions, local, indigenous, population, . Civil disturbances in Western Australia include race riots prison riots and religious conflicts often Protestant versus Catholic groups Kalgoorlie after the 1934 race riots The earliest civil disturbances were actions by the local indigenous population dealing with European settlers Demonstrations and protests are linked to a range of issues over time In the convict era there were collective actions by convicts Organised labour had to deal with issues on the Goldfields in the 1890s and 1900s with demonstrations and protest actions while in Perth these occurred in the 1960s and 1970s over war and race issues There are some incidents in the 19th century where the causes are less clear A restricted press and limited means of some groups to gain avenues to express their grievances in a dominated society means that some disturbances were suppressed literally and disguised in the public record In some cases some smaller disturbances alcohol related fights in the Goldfields Kalgoorlie Boulder and Coolgardie for instance would not be considered full scale riots but nonetheless the charges found either in newspaper or police records would suggest a significance beyond a simple incidence of drunken behaviour Contents 1 Incidents 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingIncidents editMany of these events incidents are difficult to find from direct references and require diligent examination of sources Some are unlikely to show up in newspaper reports at all In some cases incidents need checking and more accurate dating This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items August 2008 1834 Race riots against Lascars Portuguese creole stokers Perth 1 1853 Convicts on Phoebe Dunbar a disturbance of a rather serious nature while at anchor 2 1854 Convicts riot over religious issue Fremantle Prison Prisoners revolted when mass was cancelled due to the suspension of the Roman Catholic Chaplain for calling the Protestant Chaplain an Agent of the Devil during a sermon Five prisoners received 100 lashes each as an example 3 see also Riots at Fremantle Prison between this date and 1988 1894 Riot at Mallina Pilbara Goldfield over Goldfield Warden Decision 4 1897 Riot after Catholics attacked Protestants during 12th July parade Coolgardie 5 6 1898 Riot in September on leases Kalgoorlie 7 1899 Riot on Wharf during Lumper Strike Fremantle 8 1899 Riot in September on leases over alluvial regulations made by 10 ft Ned Wittenoom 9 10 Kalgoorlie 1901 Conflict between Catholics and Protestants Kalgoorlie 1901 Anti Protestant conflict on 12 July Boulder 12th July parade 1905 Race riots between Chinese Japanese Malay Broome 1905 10 Race riots Anti Italian riots Gwalia and Leonora 1910 Tramway Strike riots Perth and East Perth 11 1914 Race riots between Japanese Malay Broome 12 1915 Race riots anti German riot Fremantle 13 1916 Anti Greek riots Perth October Kalgoorlie December 14 1917 Anti Conscription riot Cue 15 1919 Fremantle Wharf riot 1919 Race riots anti Slav riot Fremantle 1919 Inter union violence Kalgoorlie Boulder 16 1919 Protests against increase in price of beer Kalgoorlie 17 1920 Broome race riots of 1920 Japanese vs Malay and returned servicemen Broome 18 19 1922 Demonstrations against Mitchell government 20 1923 1925 Hotel Workers Strike Perth 21 1924 6 Seamen s Strike Fremantle 22 23 24 1929 Mutiny at Fremantle Prison over shaving Fremantle citation needed 1931 Treasury Building incident Perth 25 26 27 28 1934 Anti Italian Slav riot Kalgoorlie 29 1940 45 American Australian Servicemen incidents various locations 1944 11 April Huge riot in Fremantle High st involving 500 600 people 30 1946 Pilbara Pastoral Strike 31 meetings in Perth broken up 1947 55 Cold War Violence incidents between CPA and opponents and police various locations 1956 Dock strike scuffles and incidents Fremantle 32 33 1967 Demonstration Anti Vietnam war events until the 1970s various locations 1971 Demonstration Anti Apartheid Springbok Tour incidents various locations 1974 Demonstration 54b of Police Act incidents various locations 34 1988 Fremantle prison riot and Fire Fremantle 2016 Aboriginal protest 35 KalgoorlieSee also editRace riot Racial violence in AustraliaReferences edit Stannage Tom Perth W A Municipality Council 1979 The people of Perth a social history of Western Australia s capital city Carroll s for Perth City Council ISBN 978 0 909994 86 0 Domestic Sayings and Doings The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News 23 September 1853 p 3 Retrieved 11 October 2016 Domestic Sayings and Doings The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News 13 January 1854 p 2 Retrieved 11 October 2016 Accounts in Northern Public Opinion 5th 12th 19th and 26 Sept 1895 see NORTHERN PUBLIC OPINION The Pilbarra Goldfield News Vol VI no 291 Western Australia 7 August 1902 p 2 Retrieved 24 November 2016 via National Library of Australia see also Northern public opinion and mining and pastoral news Alexander Wilkee Watson 1894 retrieved 24 November 2016 and see also Northern public opinion and mining and pastoral news Hugh Bismarck Geyer 1894 retrieved 24 November 2016 THE COOLGARDIE RIOT Kalgoorlie Miner WA 14 July 1897 p 3 Retrieved 22 July 2015 via National Library of Australia THE TWELFTH OF JULY The Inquirer amp Commercial News Perth WA 16 July 1897 p 4 Retrieved 22 July 2015 via National Library of Australia Dwyer J J John Joseph HRRC 1899 Alluvial trouble Diggers released from Fremantle Gaol demonstration on return to Kalgoorlie retrieved 18 October 2016 The Advertiser Albany Advertiser WA 1 April 1899 p 3 Retrieved 22 July 2015 via National Library of Australia Ten Foot Ned Kalgoorlie Miner Vol 4 no 974 Western Australia 19 January 1899 p 2 Retrieved 18 October 2016 via National Library of Australia Webb Martyn J Martyn Jack Webb Audrey Kalgoorlie Boulder W A Council Webb Martyn Webb Audrey 1993 Golden destiny the centenary history of Kalgoorlie Boulder and the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia Published by the City of Kalgoorlie Boulder as a contribution to the centenary celebration of 1993 ISBN 978 0 646 14254 8 TRAMWAY STRIKE The Examiner Vol LXIX no 204 Tasmania Australia 27 August 1910 p 8 DAILY Retrieved 18 October 2016 via National Library of Australia RACIAL RIOT AT BROOME The West Australian Vol XXX no 3 964 Western Australia 14 December 1914 p 8 Retrieved 18 October 2016 via National Library of Australia Latter Bill 1992 The night of the stones the anti German riots in Fremantle 1915 retrieved 18 October 2016 Yiannakis John N Hesperian Press 1996 Megisti in the antipodes Castellorizian migration and settlement to W A 1890 1990 Hesperian Press ISBN 978 0 85905 218 4 Oliver War amp Peace chapter 3 pp 78 81 of Williams Justina 1976 The first furrow Lone Hand Press ISBN 978 0 9598402 2 3 Williams Justina 1976 The first furrow Lone Hand Press ISBN 978 0 9598402 2 3 pp 81 82 Schaper Michael 1995 The Broome race riots of 1920 Studies in Western Australian History 16 112 132 ISSN 0314 7525 Broome riots 26 December 1920 1920 retrieved 22 July 2015 p 228 ofOliver Bobbie 1995 War and peace in Western Australia the social and political impact of the Great War 1914 1926 University of Western Australia Press ISBN 978 1 875560 57 8 WESTERN AUSTRALIA The West Australian Vol XLI no 7 126 Western Australia 30 March 1925 p 7 Retrieved 18 October 2016 via National Library of Australia Gifford Peter 2005 No winners the British seamen s strike of 1925 Hesperian Press ISBN 978 0 85905 355 6 Williams First Furrow pp 95 96 Oliver War and Peace pp 253 256 Williams First Furrow pp 119 122 Bolton G C Geoffrey Curgenven Edith Cowan University 1992 A fine country to starve in New ed University of Western Australia Press in association with Edith Cowan University ISBN 978 1 875560 36 3 S Wilson Police perceptions of protest the Perth Treasury riot of March 1931 Labour history no 52 May 1987 pp 63 74 Salmon Alex 2020 The 1931 Perth Treasury Building Riot Unemployed workers during the Great Depression The Commons Social Change Library Retrieved 3 August 2022 Williams First furrow pp 143 147 many injured 2 killed see A J Barker Yanks in Western Australia The impact of United States Servicemen in Gregory Jenny Jennifer Anne 2000 On the homefront Western Australia and World War II New ed ed University of Western Australia Press ISBN 9781875560905 retrieved 24 November 2016 p 126 and appendix II see also Barker Anthony J Jackson Lisa 1970 1996 Fleeting attraction a social history of American servicemen in Western Australia during the Second World War University of Western Australia Press ISBN 978 1 875560 74 5 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link NATIVE QUESTION The West Australian Vol 62 no 18 706 Western Australia 27 June 1946 p 11 Retrieved 18 October 2016 via National Library of Australia STRIKE HOPES HINGE ON ACTU AND CABINET The Argus Melbourne Victoria Australia 30 January 1956 p 5 Retrieved 26 November 2016 via National Library of Australia WHARFIED TO CHALLENGE ILLEGAL STRIKE RULE The Argus Melbourne Victoria Australia 28 January 1956 p 5 Retrieved 26 November 2016 via National Library of Australia 54B affects you Civil Liberties Action Committee 1980 retrieved 24 November 2016 Kalgoorlie protest Arrests made officers injured in violent riot over teen s death Australian Broadcasting Corporation 31 August 2016 retrieved 4 November 2016Further reading editBob Reece 1993 Irish Convict Lives Crossing Press ISBN 0 646 15013 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Civil disturbances in Western Australia amp oldid 1193352968, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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