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List of cities in New Zealand

January 30, 2023

The word city took on two meanings in New Zealand after the local government reforms of 1989. Before the reforms, a borough that had a population of 20,000 or more could be proclaimed a city.[1] The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built-up area, so there was little difference between the urban area and the local government area. In 1989, the structure of local government in New Zealand was significantly reorganised. Almost all the new district councils and city councils were much larger in land area, and they covered both urban land and the surrounding rural land. Many locations that once had a "city council" are now governed by a "district council". Since 2002 an urban area must have at least 50,000 residents to be proclaimed a city.[2]

Auckland
Wellington
Christchurch
Hamilton
Napier-Hastings
Tauranga
Dunedin
Palmerston North
Nelson
Rotorua
New Plymouth
Whangārei
Invercargill
Whanganui
Gisborne
class=notpageimage|
Map showing locations of urban areas in New Zealand

The word city is used in a general sense to identify the urban areas of New Zealand, independent of local body boundaries. This informal usage is jealously guarded. The district government of the town of Gisborne, for example, adamantly described itself as the first "city" in the world to see the new millennium. However, Gisborne is governed by a "district council", though its status as a city is not generally disputed in New Zealand. Similarly, there is no "city council" in Auckland, though its status as a city is not generally disputed due to its size.

Listed below are the large urban areas referred to colloquially as "cities".

Urban areas by population

Urban areas based on 2018 standard

Statistics New Zealand creates standards for statistical geographic areas that are the basis for determining population figures. Statistics New Zealand announced in 2017 that the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18) would replace the New Zealand Standard Areas Classification 1992 (NZSAC92). The change impacted Wellington most, by splitting it into four urban areas, being the Wellington city and Lower Hutt city "major urban areas" and Porirua and Upper Hutt "large urban areas". Wellington as defined by Statistics New Zealand approximately halved in size, and Lower Hutt entered the city rankings in sixth place between Tauranga and Dunedin.[3]

The table below contains all "major urban areas" (100,000 or more residents) and all "large urban areas" (30,000 to 99,999 residents).[4] The urban area that will next move from the "medium urban area" category to the "large urban area" category is Paraparaumu (30,400).

"Major" and "large" urban areas
Rank Urban area Population Area
(km²)[5]		 Population
density (per km²) 		Image
1 Auckland 1,440,300 607.10 2,372.8  
2 Christchurch 377,900 295.15 1,280.4  
3 Wellington 212,000 112.29 1,888.0  
4 Hamilton 179,900 110.37 1,630.0  
5 Tauranga 158,300 135.12 1,171.6  
6 Lower Hutt 111,500 78.52 1,420.0  
7 Dunedin 102,400 91.58 1,118.1  
8 Palmerston North 81,200 76.92 1,055.6  
9 Napier 66,800 104.90 636.8  
10 Porirua 60,200 60.96 987.5  
11 Hibiscus Coast 60,000 42.90 1,398.6  
12 New Plymouth 58,500 75.49 774.9  
13 Rotorua 57,900 48.12 1,203.2  
14 Whangārei 54,900 57.06 962.1  
15 Nelson 50,800 54.33 935.0  
16 Hastings 50,400 24.42 2,063.9  
17 Invercargill 49,800 60.70 820.4  
18 Upper Hutt 44,800 540.1 875.5  
19 Whanganui 42,600 40.35 1,055.8  
20 Gisborne 37,700 36.17 1,042.3  

Functional urban areas (metropolitan areas)

Functional urban areas (FUAs) are geographic areas which represent the functional extent of major, large and medium urban areas, based on commuting patterns. Functional urban areas correspond to New Zealand's metropolitan areas.[6]

FUA populations are as at the 2018 Census.[6]

Rank Urban area Population Area
(km²) 		Urban areas included
1 Auckland 1,574,619 3,358.8 Auckland, Hibiscus Coast, Pukekohe, Beachlands-Pine Harbour, Clarks Beach, Helensville, Kumeu-Huapai, Maraetai, Muriwai, Parakai, Patumāhoe, Pōkeno, Riverhead, Tuakau, Waimauku, Waiuku
2 Christchurch 470,814 2,408.1 Christchurch, Kaiapoi, Rangiora, Rolleston, Diamond Harbour, Leeston, Lincoln, Lyttelton, Pegasus, Prebbleton, West Melton, Woodend
3 Wellington 414,033 1,754.9 Wellington, Lower Hutt, Porirua, Upper Hutt, Featherston, Greytown
4 Hamilton 198,957 1,412.7 Hamilton, Ngāruawāhia
5 Tauranga 156,096 790.2 Tauranga, Ōmokoroa
6 Dunedin 125,007 1,033.8 Dunedin, Mosgiel, Brighton, Waikouaiti
7 Palmerston North 92,004 978.2 Palmerston North, Ashhurst
8 Whangārei 84,117 1,433.7 Whangarei, Hikurangi, Ngunguru, One Tree Point, Ruakākā
9 Nelson 79,998 1,177.2 Nelson, Richmond, Brightwater, Hope, Māpua, Wakefield
10 New Plymouth 79,074 920.9 New Plymouth, Inglewood, Ōakura, Waitara
11 Hastings 75,255 1,160.4 Hastings, Havelock North, Clive
12 Rotorua 67,179 649.1 Rotorua, Ngongotahā
13 Napier 64,767 260.0 Napier
14 Invercargill 54,084 428.5 Invercargill
15 Kapiti Coast 46,683 317.4 Paraparaumu, Waikanae, Paekākāriki
16 Whanganui 44,403 598.1 Whanganui
17 Gisborne 39,447 612.8 Gisborne

City councils

Populations of present-day city (and Auckland) councils

The populations given are the latest (June 2018)[7] Statistics New Zealand estimated resident populations.

Rank City council Population First proclaimed
1 Auckland 1,618,400 1871
2 Christchurch 380,200 1868
3 Wellington 209,000 1870
4 Hamilton 165,900 1936
5 Tauranga 140,800 1963
6 Dunedin 130,500 1865
7 Lower Hutt 107,600 1941
8 Palmerston North 87,300 1930
9 Napier 64,100 1950
10 Porirua 58,200 1965
11 Invercargill 55,800 1930
12 Nelson 52,400 1874
13 Upper Hutt 45,300 1966

Many cities were reorganised into districts by the Local Government Commission in 1989 under the Local Government Act 1974, for example Timaru. Other urban areas that are no longer cities, such as Rotorua and Whangārei, have higher populations than some present cities. The most recently proclaimed city is Tauranga, which became a city, for the second time, from 1 March 2004. Christchurch (1862 and 1868) and Invercargill (1930 and 1991) have also been declared cities more than once.

Under Section 27 of the Local Government Act 2002, a district may become a city by either a "reorganisation scheme" with the Local Government Commission, or under Section 27(1) it may apply for a change in status under Schedule 3, Clause 7. The new city must have "a population of not less than 50,000 persons", be "predominantly urban" and "a distinct entity and a major centre of activity within the region" (or regions) that it is encompassed by. Existing cities are grandfathered under Schedule 2, Part 2 of the Act. The only new city council so far under this section is the Tauranga City Council, from 1 March 2004.

Previously, under Section 37L of the Local Government Act 1974, new cities could only be formed from a "reorganisation scheme". The same criteria were used. The last city to be constituted under this section was Invercargill, which was re-reorganised into a city in 1991.

In 1991 the Lower Hutt City Council became the Hutt City Council by a special Act of Parliament [1] which did not change the name of the city of Lower Hutt; the city's coat of arms still refers to the "City of Lower Hutt".

Cities during provincialism, 1852 to 1876

During provincialism in New Zealand, from 1852 until abolition in 1876, there was no uniform system of local authorities in New Zealand. There is thus some argument over which of the following cities was the first.

  • Nelson (1858, by Letters Patent)
  • Christchurch (November 1862, revoked June 1868, both by provincial ordinance, and restored October 1868 by Act of Parliament)
  • Otago (later Dunedin) (July 1865)

The Municipal Corporations Act 1876 included the first schedule of cities, with the dates they were constituted. Dunedin was the first city in New Zealand to be described in an Act of Parliament as 'City of...', something now automatic under the Local Government Act 2002.

Cities, 1877 to 1989

Up to October 1989, the Local Government Commission under took reorganisations of local government. As a result, some cities were reorganised into other larger cities or changed to districts, and some of these areas are still considered cities by many New Zealanders. This is a list as at circa 1986.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Crompton, Bryan David; Williamson, Herbert (1966). "Major types of local authorities in New Zealand". In McLintock, A.H. (ed.). An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 23 July 2021 – via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  2. ^ "Local Government Act 2002, Schedule 3 part 16, Cities". New Zealand Legislation. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  3. ^ Mitchell, Charlie (15 January 2020). "Christchurch is New Zealand's second city, deal with it". Stuff. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  4. ^ Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (PDF). Wellington: Statistics New Zealand. 2017. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-98-852841-0. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Urban Rural 2018 (generalised) - GIS | New Zealand | GIS Map Data Datafinder Geospatial Statistics | Stats NZ Geographic Data Service". datafinder.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Functional urban areas – methodology and classification | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  7. ^ "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020. For urban areas, "Subnational population estimates (UA, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996, 2001, 2006–18 (2017 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.

References

  • Gordon McLauchlan (ed.), Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand, The, Auckland: David Bateman, 1989 (second edition) (ISBN 1-86953-007-1) – confirmation, pre-1989 dates

External links

  • Statistics New Zealand Subnational Population Estimates
  • Tauranga status change, 2003 – specific details
  • Local Government Online Limited site 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine – confirmation, post-1989 council names

January 30, 2023
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The word city took on two meanings in New Zealand after the local government reforms of 1989 Before the reforms a borough that had a population of 20 000 or more could be proclaimed a city 1 The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built up area so there was little difference between the urban area and the local government area In 1989 the structure of local government in New Zealand was significantly reorganised Almost all the new district councils and city councils were much larger in land area and they covered both urban land and the surrounding rural land Many locations that once had a city council are now governed by a district council Since 2002 an urban area must have at least 50 000 residents to be proclaimed a city 2 AucklandWellingtonChristchurchHamiltonNapier HastingsTaurangaDunedinPalmerston NorthNelsonRotoruaNew PlymouthWhangareiInvercargillWhanganuiGisborneclass notpageimage Map showing locations of urban areas in New Zealand The word city is used in a general sense to identify the urban areas of New Zealand independent of local body boundaries This informal usage is jealously guarded The district government of the town of Gisborne for example adamantly described itself as the first city in the world to see the new millennium However Gisborne is governed by a district council though its status as a city is not generally disputed in New Zealand Similarly there is no city council in Auckland though its status as a city is not generally disputed due to its size Listed below are the large urban areas referred to colloquially as cities Contents 1 Urban areas by population 1 1 Urban areas based on 2018 standard 1 2 Functional urban areas metropolitan areas 2 City councils 2 1 Populations of present day city and Auckland councils 2 2 Cities during provincialism 1852 to 1876 2 3 Cities 1877 to 1989 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksUrban areas by population EditUrban areas based on 2018 standard Edit Statistics New Zealand creates standards for statistical geographic areas that are the basis for determining population figures Statistics New Zealand announced in 2017 that the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 SSGA18 would replace the New Zealand Standard Areas Classification 1992 NZSAC92 The change impacted Wellington most by splitting it into four urban areas being the Wellington city and Lower Hutt city major urban areas and Porirua and Upper Hutt large urban areas Wellington as defined by Statistics New Zealand approximately halved in size and Lower Hutt entered the city rankings in sixth place between Tauranga and Dunedin 3 The table below contains all major urban areas 100 000 or more residents and all large urban areas 30 000 to 99 999 residents 4 The urban area that will next move from the medium urban area category to the large urban area category is Paraparaumu 30 400 Major and large urban areas Rank Urban area Population Area km 5 Population density per km Image1 Auckland 1 440 300 607 10 2 372 8 2 Christchurch 377 900 295 15 1 280 4 3 Wellington 212 000 112 29 1 888 0 4 Hamilton 179 900 110 37 1 630 0 5 Tauranga 158 300 135 12 1 171 6 6 Lower Hutt 111 500 78 52 1 420 0 7 Dunedin 102 400 91 58 1 118 1 8 Palmerston North 81 200 76 92 1 055 6 9 Napier 66 800 104 90 636 8 10 Porirua 60 200 60 96 987 5 11 Hibiscus Coast 60 000 42 90 1 398 6 12 New Plymouth 58 500 75 49 774 9 13 Rotorua 57 900 48 12 1 203 2 14 Whangarei 54 900 57 06 962 1 15 Nelson 50 800 54 33 935 0 16 Hastings 50 400 24 42 2 063 9 17 Invercargill 49 800 60 70 820 4 18 Upper Hutt 44 800 540 1 875 5 19 Whanganui 42 600 40 35 1 055 8 20 Gisborne 37 700 36 17 1 042 3 Functional urban areas metropolitan areas Edit Functional urban areas FUAs are geographic areas which represent the functional extent of major large and medium urban areas based on commuting patterns Functional urban areas correspond to New Zealand s metropolitan areas 6 FUA populations are as at the 2018 Census 6 Rank Urban area Population Area km Urban areas included1 Auckland 1 574 619 3 358 8 Auckland Hibiscus Coast Pukekohe Beachlands Pine Harbour Clarks Beach Helensville Kumeu Huapai Maraetai Muriwai Parakai Patumahoe Pōkeno Riverhead Tuakau Waimauku Waiuku2 Christchurch 470 814 2 408 1 Christchurch Kaiapoi Rangiora Rolleston Diamond Harbour Leeston Lincoln Lyttelton Pegasus Prebbleton West Melton Woodend3 Wellington 414 033 1 754 9 Wellington Lower Hutt Porirua Upper Hutt Featherston Greytown4 Hamilton 198 957 1 412 7 Hamilton Ngaruawahia5 Tauranga 156 096 790 2 Tauranga Ōmokoroa6 Dunedin 125 007 1 033 8 Dunedin Mosgiel Brighton Waikouaiti7 Palmerston North 92 004 978 2 Palmerston North Ashhurst8 Whangarei 84 117 1 433 7 Whangarei Hikurangi Ngunguru One Tree Point Ruakaka9 Nelson 79 998 1 177 2 Nelson Richmond Brightwater Hope Mapua Wakefield10 New Plymouth 79 074 920 9 New Plymouth Inglewood Ōakura Waitara11 Hastings 75 255 1 160 4 Hastings Havelock North Clive12 Rotorua 67 179 649 1 Rotorua Ngongotaha13 Napier 64 767 260 0 Napier14 Invercargill 54 084 428 5 Invercargill15 Kapiti Coast 46 683 317 4 Paraparaumu Waikanae Paekakariki16 Whanganui 44 403 598 1 Whanganui17 Gisborne 39 447 612 8 GisborneCity councils EditPopulations of present day city and Auckland councils Edit The populations given are the latest June 2018 7 Statistics New Zealand estimated resident populations Rank City council Population First proclaimed1 Auckland 1 618 400 18712 Christchurch 380 200 18683 Wellington 209 000 18704 Hamilton 165 900 19365 Tauranga 140 800 19636 Dunedin 130 500 18657 Lower Hutt 107 600 19418 Palmerston North 87 300 19309 Napier 64 100 195010 Porirua 58 200 196511 Invercargill 55 800 193012 Nelson 52 400 187413 Upper Hutt 45 300 1966Many cities were reorganised into districts by the Local Government Commission in 1989 under the Local Government Act 1974 for example Timaru Other urban areas that are no longer cities such as Rotorua and Whangarei have higher populations than some present cities The most recently proclaimed city is Tauranga which became a city for the second time from 1 March 2004 Christchurch 1862 and 1868 and Invercargill 1930 and 1991 have also been declared cities more than once Under Section 27 of the Local Government Act 2002 a district may become a city by either a reorganisation scheme with the Local Government Commission or under Section 27 1 it may apply for a change in status under Schedule 3 Clause 7 The new city must have a population of not less than 50 000 persons be predominantly urban and a distinct entity and a major centre of activity within the region or regions that it is encompassed by Existing cities are grandfathered under Schedule 2 Part 2 of the Act The only new city council so far under this section is the Tauranga City Council from 1 March 2004 Previously under Section 37L of the Local Government Act 1974 new cities could only be formed from a reorganisation scheme The same criteria were used The last city to be constituted under this section was Invercargill which was re reorganised into a city in 1991 In 1991 the Lower Hutt City Council became the Hutt City Council by a special Act of Parliament 1 which did not change the name 2 of the city of Lower Hutt the city s coat of arms still refers to the City of Lower Hutt Cities during provincialism 1852 to 1876 Edit During provincialism in New Zealand from 1852 until abolition in 1876 there was no uniform system of local authorities in New Zealand There is thus some argument over which of the following cities was the first Nelson 1858 by Letters Patent Christchurch November 1862 revoked June 1868 both by provincial ordinance and restored October 1868 by Act of Parliament Otago later Dunedin July 1865 The Municipal Corporations Act 1876 included the first schedule of cities with the dates they were constituted Dunedin was the first city in New Zealand to be described in an Act of Parliament as City of something now automatic under the Local Government Act 2002 Dunedin 4 July 1865 Christchurch 28 May 1868 Wellington 16 September 1870 Auckland 24 April 1871 Nelson 30 March 1874 Cities 1877 to 1989 Edit Up to October 1989 the Local Government Commission under took reorganisations of local government As a result some cities were reorganised into other larger cities or changed to districts and some of these areas are still considered cities by many New Zealanders This is a list as at circa 1986 North Island Whangarei 1964 Auckland Auckland 1871 East Coast Bays Takapuna Birkenhead Waitemata 1974 Mt Albert Papatoetoe Manukau 1965 Papakura Tamaki Hamilton 1936 New Plymouth 1949 Tauranga 1963 lost city status 1989 regained 2004 Bethlehem Mount Maunganui Papamoa Welcome Bay Rotorua 1962 merged into Rotorua District 1979 Gisborne 1955 Napier 1950 Hastings 1956 Wanganui 1924 merged with surrounding counties to become Whanganui District 1989 Palmerston North 1930 Wellington Wellington 1870 Upper Hutt 1966 Lower Hutt 1941 Porirua 1965 South Island Nelson 1874 Christchurch 1868 Timaru 1948 Dunedin 1865 Invercargill 1930 See also EditList of cities in Oceania by population List of New Zealand urban areas by population List of towns in New Zealand Territorial authorities of New Zealand List of cities and towns in the South Island List of cities and towns in the South Island by population City status in the United KingdomNotes Edit Crompton Bryan David Williamson Herbert 1966 Major types of local authorities in New Zealand In McLintock A H ed An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Retrieved 23 July 2021 via Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Local Government Act 2002 Schedule 3 part 16 Cities New Zealand Legislation New Zealand Government Retrieved 23 July 2021 Mitchell Charlie 15 January 2020 Christchurch is New Zealand s second city deal with it Stuff Retrieved 20 January 2020 Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 PDF Wellington Statistics New Zealand 2017 p 15 ISBN 978 1 98 852841 0 Retrieved 23 July 2021 Urban Rural 2018 generalised GIS New Zealand GIS Map Data Datafinder Geospatial Statistics Stats NZ Geographic Data Service datafinder stats govt nz Retrieved 11 August 2020 a b Functional urban areas methodology and classification Stats NZ www stats govt nz Retrieved 18 November 2022 Subnational Population Estimates At 30 June 2019 Statistics New Zealand 22 October 2019 Retrieved 11 January 2020 For urban areas Subnational population estimates UA AU by age and sex at 30 June 1996 2001 2006 18 2017 boundaries Statistics New Zealand 23 October 2018 Retrieved 23 October 2018 References EditGordon McLauchlan ed Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand The Auckland David Bateman 1989 second edition ISBN 1 86953 007 1 confirmation pre 1989 datesExternal links EditStatistics New Zealand Subnational Population Estimates Tauranga status change 2003 specific details Local Government Tauranga City Council Order 2003 Governor General s Order in Council 2 October 2003 Local Government Commission press release permanent dead link PDF Local Government Commission decision full text PDF Tauranga s city status returns The New Zealand Herald 12 August 2003 Local Government Online Limited site Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine confirmation post 1989 council names Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of cities in New Zealand amp oldid 1122592955, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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