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Calabrian wine

January 13, 2023

Calabrian wine (Italian: Vino Calabrese) is Italian wine from the Calabria region of southern Italy. Over 90% of the region's wine production is red wine, with a large portion made from the Gaglioppo grape. Calabria has 12 Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) regions, but only 4% of the yearly production is classified as DOC wine. The region is one of Italy's most rural and least industrialized with per capita income less than half of the national average.[1] Following World War II, many of Calabria's inhabitants emigrated to Northern Italy, the United States, Australia and Argentina. Those left behind have been slow to develop a vibrant wine industry with only the red wines of Cirò garnering much international attention. Today Calabrian wines are mostly produced to high alcohol levels and sold to co-operatives who transfer the wines to the northern Italian wine regions to use as blending component. There are no Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) regions, but Calabria does have 12 Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) designations.[2]

Calabria
Vino DOP Cirò Rosso Gaglioppo (2019)

History

 
Pierre Puget's 1682 sculpture of Milo of Croton at the Louvre.

The region of Calabria was first cultivated by the Oenotrians, and then by the ancient Greeks. The Greek athlete Milo of Croton was from this region and was reported to drink 10 litres (2.6 US gal) of Ciró wine each day. Tradition has that the wine is still made in the same way today as it was in Milo's time.[3] During the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder included Calabrian wine in his listings of quality Italian wines.[4]

Climate and geography

Calabria is located at the "toe" of the Italian peninsula and is characterized by its Mediterranean climate. To the north is the Apennine Mountains forming the border with Basilicata. The Ionian Sea forms the eastern and southern borders followed by the Strait of Messina (separating Calabria from Sicily) and Tyrrhenian Sea forming the western border. The winters are mild, with average temperatures around 10°C, rarely dropping below 5°C. The climate near the coast is very hot and dry throughout most of the year. The majority of the region's wine production takes place in the central areas of the eastern and western coastlines.[2]

Regions

Cirò

The Cirò wine region is located in the eastern foothills of the La Sila region and extends to the Ionian coast. The region's classico (or heartland) is centered on the comuni of Cirò and Cirò Marina in the province of Crotone. The soil of this area is predominantly calcareous marl with some clay and sand deposits. The wines of the regions are predominantly red containing at least 95% of the Gaglioppo grape and up to 5% of the white Greco bianco and Trebbiano grapes permitted. Rosés and white wines from at least 90% Greco bianco and up to 10% Trebbiano are also made in Cirò but in very limited quantities. While a common synonym of Trebbiano is Greco, the grape is separate and distinct from the Calabrian wine grape Greco bianco. The designation of Cirò classico will only appear on red wines. Red Cirò is typically very tannic and full bodied with strong fruit presences. It is often meant to be consumed 3–4 years after vintage but can take more time to soften the tannins.[2] It is said that Cirò was offered to winners of the ancient Olympics.[5]

Other wine regions

 
Provinces of Calabria

Of the remaining 11 DOC regions, Melissa and Isola di Capo Rizzuto are located near Cirò along the Ionian coast. In the far southern province of Reggio Calabria are the Bianco and Bivongi regions. The western wine regions are located in the provinces of Catanzaro and Cosenza. They include the DOCs of Donnici, Lamezia Terme, Pollino, San Vito di Luzzi, Savuto, Scavigna and Verbicaro.[2]

  • Bianco- The DOC of Greco di Bianco is one of the few predominant white wine regions in Calabria. The area produces most sweet wine from the Greco bianco grape that have alcohol contents of at least 17%. The wines are typically produced as straw wines with the grapes being partially dried prior to pressing and fermentation. Greco di Bianco is characterized by a deep amber color and aromas of citrus and herbs.[2]
  • Bivongi-The DOC of Bivongi is one of Calabria's newest DOCs and produces red and rosé wines from blends of Gaglioppo, Greco nero, Nocera, Castiglione and Calabrese. The few white wines made in this region are dry wines made from a blend of Greco bianco, Guardavalle, Mantonico bianco (potentially Mantonico bianco), Malvasia bianca and Ansonica as well as up to 30% of other available white grape varieties.[2]
  • Donnici- The Domnici DOC is located south of Cosenza on the western slopes of the La Sila plateau. The production is mainly red wine made from Gaglioppo with some blending of Greco nero and Mantonico nero.[2]
  • Isola di Capo Rizzuto- The DOC of Sant'Anna di Isola di Capo Rizzuto is located south of commune of Melissa. The region was once an island but overtime the marshland around it filled in and connected the region to the mainland. The DOC produces dry red and rosé wines from Gaglioppo, Nocera, Nerello Mascalese (and the related Nerello Cappuccio), and up to 35% of added Malvasia and Greco bianco.[2]
  • Lamezia Terme- The DOC of Lamezia-Sambiase is located on the plains and hill side regions around the Gulf of Sant'Eufemia near the Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte along the Tyrrhenian Sea. The region is very warm, allowing the grapes to fully ripen and develop body and alcohol levels. The region produces red and rosé wines from Gaglioppo, Nerello Mascalese, Nerello Cappuccio, Greco nero, Magliocco and Marsigliana. The white wines from the region are made from Greco bianco, Malvasia bianca and Trebbiano.[2]
  • Melissa-The Melissa DOC is located south of Cirò and produces wines of similar style, though not with the same international reputation of quality. The red wine grapes of the region are the Gaglioppo and Greco nera with some blending of the white wine grapes Greco bianco, Malvasia bianca and Trebbiano.[2]
  • Pollino- The Pollino DOC is named for the nearby mountain range that forms part of the Apennines. Located near the border with Basilicata, the region produces pale, cherry red wines that need 2–3 years to develop. The wines are made primarily with Gaglioppo and Greco nero with up to 20% of white grape varieties permitted in the blend.[2]
  • San Vito di Luzzi- The DOC of San Vito di Luzzi is located in the hamlet of San Vito near the commune of Luzzi. The red and rosé wines from this region are produced with Gaglioppo, Malvasia nera, Greco nero and Sangiovese. The white wines are produced from Malvasia bianca, Greco bianco and up to 40% of other local white wine varieties.[2]
  • Savuto- The Savuto DOC is located south of the Donnici region in mountainous terrain that stretches to the coast. The vineyards located closer to the interior are cooler than other parts of Calabria, producing wines with lower alcohol levels. The red and rosé wines from this region are produced with Gaglioppo, Greco nero, Nerello Cappuccio, Magliocco, Sangiovese and up to 25% of the white wine grapes Malvasia bianca and Pecorello.[2]
  • Scavigna- The Scavigna DOC is located south of Savuto on the western coast of Calabria. The dry red and rosé wines from this region are made with at least 60% Gaglioppo and Nerello Cappuccio with a blend of other local red wine varieties. The white wines are blend of Trebbiano, Chardonnay, Greco bianco and Malvasia bianca.[2]
  • Verbicaro- The DOC are of the Verbicaro region are located in the Pollino foothills, west of Pollino DOC region and extends to the Tyrrhenian coast. The dry red and rosé wines from this region are made from Gaglioppo and Greco nero with a small amount of the white wine grapes Greco bianco, Malvasia bianca and Guarnaccia bianca blended in. Those same white grapes also produces the limited amount of Verbicaro bianco.[2]

IGTs

Throughout Calabria there are 12 distinct IGT zones and one overlapping "Calabria" designation that covers the entire region. In the province of Catanzaro is Valdamato. The province of Cosenza included Condoleo, Esaro and Valle del Crati, but these have merged into Terre Di Cosenza DOC in 2011 including also the old Donnici, Pollino, San Vito di Luzzi, and Verbicaro DOCs.[6] In the province of Crotone is Lipuda and Val di Neto. The province of Reggio Calabria includes the most IGT zones with Arghillà, Costa Viola, Locride, Palizzi, Pellaro, and Scilla.[2]

References

  1. ^ J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 122-123 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 226-231 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
  3. ^ M. Toussaint-Samat "A History of Food" pg 263 Wiley-Blackwell 1994 ISBN 0-631-19497-5
  4. ^ H. Johnson Vintage: The Story of Wine pg 64 Simon and Schuster 1989 ISBN 0-671-68702-6
  5. ^ Milioni, Stefano. . Archived from the original on 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  6. ^ "Terre di Cosenza DOC » Italian Wine Central".

External links

  • Italian Made
  • Made in Italy Calabria overview
  • Italian wine country Wine region Map

January 13, 2023
calabrian, wine, italian, vino, calabrese, italian, wine, from, calabria, region, southern, italy, over, region, wine, production, wine, with, large, portion, made, from, gaglioppo, grape, calabria, denominazione, origine, controllata, regions, only, yearly, p. Calabrian wine Italian Vino Calabrese is Italian wine from the Calabria region of southern Italy Over 90 of the region s wine production is red wine with a large portion made from the Gaglioppo grape Calabria has 12 Denominazione di origine controllata DOC regions but only 4 of the yearly production is classified as DOC wine The region is one of Italy s most rural and least industrialized with per capita income less than half of the national average 1 Following World War II many of Calabria s inhabitants emigrated to Northern Italy the United States Australia and Argentina Those left behind have been slow to develop a vibrant wine industry with only the red wines of Ciro garnering much international attention Today Calabrian wines are mostly produced to high alcohol levels and sold to co operatives who transfer the wines to the northern Italian wine regions to use as blending component There are no Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita DOCG regions but Calabria does have 12 Indicazione Geografica Tipica IGT designations 2 Calabria Vino DOP Ciro Rosso Gaglioppo 2019 Contents 1 History 2 Climate and geography 3 Regions 3 1 Ciro 3 2 Other wine regions 4 IGTs 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit Pierre Puget s 1682 sculpture of Milo of Croton at the Louvre The region of Calabria was first cultivated by the Oenotrians and then by the ancient Greeks The Greek athlete Milo of Croton was from this region and was reported to drink 10 litres 2 6 US gal of Ciro wine each day Tradition has that the wine is still made in the same way today as it was in Milo s time 3 During the 1st century AD Pliny the Elder included Calabrian wine in his listings of quality Italian wines 4 Climate and geography EditCalabria is located at the toe of the Italian peninsula and is characterized by its Mediterranean climate To the north is the Apennine Mountains forming the border with Basilicata The Ionian Sea forms the eastern and southern borders followed by the Strait of Messina separating Calabria from Sicily and Tyrrhenian Sea forming the western border The winters are mild with average temperatures around 10 C rarely dropping below 5 C The climate near the coast is very hot and dry throughout most of the year The majority of the region s wine production takes place in the central areas of the eastern and western coastlines 2 Regions EditCiro Edit The Ciro wine region is located in the eastern foothills of the La Sila region and extends to the Ionian coast The region s classico or heartland is centered on the comuni of Ciro and Ciro Marina in the province of Crotone The soil of this area is predominantly calcareous marl with some clay and sand deposits The wines of the regions are predominantly red containing at least 95 of the Gaglioppo grape and up to 5 of the white Greco bianco and Trebbiano grapes permitted Roses and white wines from at least 90 Greco bianco and up to 10 Trebbiano are also made in Ciro but in very limited quantities While a common synonym of Trebbiano is Greco the grape is separate and distinct from the Calabrian wine grape Greco bianco The designation of Ciro classico will only appear on red wines Red Ciro is typically very tannic and full bodied with strong fruit presences It is often meant to be consumed 3 4 years after vintage but can take more time to soften the tannins 2 It is said that Ciro was offered to winners of the ancient Olympics 5 Other wine regions Edit Provinces of Calabria Of the remaining 11 DOC regions Melissa and Isola di Capo Rizzuto are located near Ciro along the Ionian coast In the far southern province of Reggio Calabria are the Bianco and Bivongi regions The western wine regions are located in the provinces of Catanzaro and Cosenza They include the DOCs of Donnici Lamezia Terme Pollino San Vito di Luzzi Savuto Scavigna and Verbicaro 2 Bianco The DOC of Greco di Bianco is one of the few predominant white wine regions in Calabria The area produces most sweet wine from the Greco bianco grape that have alcohol contents of at least 17 The wines are typically produced as straw wines with the grapes being partially dried prior to pressing and fermentation Greco di Bianco is characterized by a deep amber color and aromas of citrus and herbs 2 Bivongi The DOC of Bivongi is one of Calabria s newest DOCs and produces red and rose wines from blends of Gaglioppo Greco nero Nocera Castiglione and Calabrese The few white wines made in this region are dry wines made from a blend of Greco bianco Guardavalle Mantonico bianco potentially Mantonico bianco Malvasia bianca and Ansonica as well as up to 30 of other available white grape varieties 2 Donnici The Domnici DOC is located south of Cosenza on the western slopes of the La Sila plateau The production is mainly red wine made from Gaglioppo with some blending of Greco nero and Mantonico nero 2 Isola di Capo Rizzuto The DOC of Sant Anna di Isola di Capo Rizzuto is located south of commune of Melissa The region was once an island but overtime the marshland around it filled in and connected the region to the mainland The DOC produces dry red and rose wines from Gaglioppo Nocera Nerello Mascalese and the related Nerello Cappuccio and up to 35 of added Malvasia and Greco bianco 2 Lamezia Terme The DOC of Lamezia Sambiase is located on the plains and hill side regions around the Gulf of Sant Eufemia near the Sant Eufemia d Aspromonte along the Tyrrhenian Sea The region is very warm allowing the grapes to fully ripen and develop body and alcohol levels The region produces red and rose wines from Gaglioppo Nerello Mascalese Nerello Cappuccio Greco nero Magliocco and Marsigliana The white wines from the region are made from Greco bianco Malvasia bianca and Trebbiano 2 Melissa The Melissa DOC is located south of Ciro and produces wines of similar style though not with the same international reputation of quality The red wine grapes of the region are the Gaglioppo and Greco nera with some blending of the white wine grapes Greco bianco Malvasia bianca and Trebbiano 2 Pollino The Pollino DOC is named for the nearby mountain range that forms part of the Apennines Located near the border with Basilicata the region produces pale cherry red wines that need 2 3 years to develop The wines are made primarily with Gaglioppo and Greco nero with up to 20 of white grape varieties permitted in the blend 2 San Vito di Luzzi The DOC of San Vito di Luzzi is located in the hamlet of San Vito near the commune of Luzzi The red and rose wines from this region are produced with Gaglioppo Malvasia nera Greco nero and Sangiovese The white wines are produced from Malvasia bianca Greco bianco and up to 40 of other local white wine varieties 2 Savuto The Savuto DOC is located south of the Donnici region in mountainous terrain that stretches to the coast The vineyards located closer to the interior are cooler than other parts of Calabria producing wines with lower alcohol levels The red and rose wines from this region are produced with Gaglioppo Greco nero Nerello Cappuccio Magliocco Sangiovese and up to 25 of the white wine grapes Malvasia bianca and Pecorello 2 Scavigna The Scavigna DOC is located south of Savuto on the western coast of Calabria The dry red and rose wines from this region are made with at least 60 Gaglioppo and Nerello Cappuccio with a blend of other local red wine varieties The white wines are blend of Trebbiano Chardonnay Greco bianco and Malvasia bianca 2 Verbicaro The DOC are of the Verbicaro region are located in the Pollino foothills west of Pollino DOC region and extends to the Tyrrhenian coast The dry red and rose wines from this region are made from Gaglioppo and Greco nero with a small amount of the white wine grapes Greco bianco Malvasia bianca and Guarnaccia bianca blended in Those same white grapes also produces the limited amount of Verbicaro bianco 2 IGTs EditThroughout Calabria there are 12 distinct IGT zones and one overlapping Calabria designation that covers the entire region In the province of Catanzaro is Valdamato The province of Cosenza included Condoleo Esaro and Valle del Crati but these have merged into Terre Di Cosenza DOC in 2011 including also the old Donnici Pollino San Vito di Luzzi and Verbicaro DOCs 6 In the province of Crotone is Lipuda and Val di Neto The province of Reggio Calabria includes the most IGT zones with Arghilla Costa Viola Locride Palizzi Pellaro and Scilla 2 References Edit J Robinson ed The Oxford Companion to Wine Third Edition pg 122 123 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0 19 860990 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p M Ewing Mulligan amp E McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 226 231 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0 7645 5355 0 M Toussaint Samat A History of Food pg 263 Wiley Blackwell 1994 ISBN 0 631 19497 5 H Johnson Vintage The Story of Wine pg 64 Simon and Schuster 1989 ISBN 0 671 68702 6 Milioni Stefano Ciro Archived from the original on 2007 12 18 Retrieved 2008 01 19 Terre di Cosenza DOC Italian Wine Central External links EditItalian Made Calabria wine region Made in Italy Calabria overview Italian wine country Wine region Map Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Calabrian wine amp oldid 1110528170, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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