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Cippus Perusinus

January 18, 2023

The Cippus Perusinus is a stone tablet (cippus) discovered on the hill of San Marco, near Perugia, Italy, in 1822. The tablet bears 46 lines of incised Etruscan text, about 130 words. The cippus is assumed to be a text dedicating a legal contract between the Etruscan families of Velthina (from Perugia) and Afuna (from Chiusi), regarding the sharing or use of a property upon which there was a tomb belonging to the noble Velthinas.[1][2]

Cippus Perusinus
The Cippus of Perugia, 3rd or 2nd century BCE
Side view

The date of the inscription is considered to be 3rd or 2nd century BC. The Cippus is conserved in the National Archeological Museum of Perugia.[1]

Original text

 
Text transcription

Formatted according to latest theory by F. Roncalli for the original lines, distorted when they were copied onto this stone.[3] There are no capital letters in the original, but known and certain names are capitalized below. Lines in parentheses are those of the actual cippus. Word spacing is mostly hypothetical.

Front:

(1) eurat . tanna . Larezul /(2) ame vaχr lautn .
Velθinaś e/(3)śtla Afunas slel eθ caru/
(4) tezan fuśleri tesnśteiś /(5) raśneś ipa ama
hen naper /(6) XII ( twelve ) Velθinaθuraś araś pe/(7)raśc
emulm lescul zu ci en/(8)es ci epl tularu/
(9) Aulesi Velθinas Arznal cl/(10)ensi . θii . θil
ścuna . cenu e/(11)plc felic Larθalś Afuneś/
(13!) falaś χiem fuśle Velθina /(12!)clen θunχulθe/
(14) hinθa cape municlet masu / (15) naper śran czl
θii falaśt V/(16)elθina hut naper pen ezś/
(17) masu acnina . clel . Afuna Vel/(18)θina mler
zinia inte mame/(19)r cnl Velθina zia śatene/
(20) tesne eca Velθina θuraś θ/(21)aura helu
tesne raśne cei /(22) tesnś teiś raśneś
χimθ śp/(23)el θuta ścuna Afuna mena /(24) hen
naper ci cnl hare utuśe /...

Side:

(25)...Velθina ś/(26)atena
zuc/(27)i enesci. i/(28)pa. śpelane/(29)θi. fulumχ/(30)va.
śpelθi. /(31) reneθi. eśt/(32)ac Velθina /(34) acilune.
turune. śc/(35)une. zea. zuc/(36)i. enesci. aθ/(37)umicś.
Afu/(38)naś. penθn/(39)a. ama. Velθ/(40)ina. Afun(a) /(41)
θuruni. ein /(42) zeri una. cl/(43)a. θil. θunχ/(44)ulθl.
iχ. ca /(45) ceχa. ziχuχ/(46)e

Notes: The last word in the text, ziχuχe means 'was written.' [4] In line 10, θi-i and θi-l are respectively dative/instrumental and genitive for "water," and according to Facchetti (and approved by Wylin) the form cenu means "(is) obtained." Wylin translastes the phrase (9-11) Aulesi Velθinas Arznal clensi/ θii θil ścuna cenu e/pl-c feli-c Larθal-ś Afun-e as "‘With respect to the water of Aule Velthina, son of Arznei, the use (ścuna) of water is obtained bothepl and feli by Larth Afuna." And Wylin points out that the tricolon in lines 33-34 acilune. turune. ścune probably corresponds to the Latin legal phrase facere, dare, praestare "to do, to give, and to make good," a phrase used with respect to personal obligations rather than legal rights."[5][2][6]


Some phrases identified and partly translated by van Heems include: (1-2) eurat tanna larezul ame --"Larezul is the arbitrator tanna (of what follows?)"; (2-3) vaχr lautn Velθinaś eśtla Afunas slel eθ caru -- "An agreement of the Velthina tribe with that of Afuna, by his own (accord) was concluded (car-u ?)"; (3-5) tezan fuśle-ri tesnś-teiś raśneś -- "Complying (tezan ?) to the ordinances (fuśle-ri ?) from the public/Etruscan law"; (5-7) ipa ama hen naper XII Velθina-θur-aś araś peraś-c -- "that 12 hen (arable?) acres of Velthinas shall be dedicated and pera -ed." (18-21) inte mamer cnl Velθina zia śatene tesne, eca Velθina θuraś θaura helu --"To the (tomb) which Velthina zi-ed on the mamer according to the satena law, this has been hel -ed as the tomb of Velthina". (36-46)aθumicś Afunaś. penθna. ama. Velθina. Afuna θuruni. ein zeriuna. cla. θil. θunχulθl. iχ. ca ceχa. ziχuχe -- "The cippus of Afuna is aθumicś. Velthina (and) Afuna together (θuruni ?) shall not zerina (violate?) the accord concernting the water (rights), as this is written above."[7]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  2. ^ a b (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13.
  3. ^ Hillary Becker "Evidence for Etruscan Archives: Tracking the epigraphic habit in tombs,the sacred sphere, and at home" in Etruscan Literacy in its Social Context ed. Ruth Whitehouse, Accordia Research Institute, London, 2020. p. 172-4. https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/722285/2/BagnascoGianni%202020-deGrummond.pdf
  4. ^ Bonfante, L. Reading the Past: Etruscan. UCalPress. !990. p12
  5. ^ https://dictionary.thelaw.com/praestare/
  6. ^ Facchetti, Giulio M. Frammenti di diritto privato etrusco. Firenze. 2000
  7. ^ Gilles van Heems, "Per uno studio sintattico del Cippo di Perugia: struttura frastica e fraseologica di un 'testo lungo'" in Mélanges de l'École française de Rome - Antiquité 133.1, 2021, pp. 23-38. https://doi.org/10.4000/mefra.11136. https://journals.openedition.org/mefra/11136 Open Access

References

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cippus Perusinus.
  • A searchable database of Etruscan texts.

Coordinates: 43°07′39″N 12°21′57″E / 43.12750°N 12.36583°E / 43.12750; 12.36583

January 18, 2023
cippus, perusinus, stone, tablet, cippus, discovered, hill, marco, near, perugia, italy, 1822, tablet, bears, lines, incised, etruscan, text, about, words, cippus, assumed, text, dedicating, legal, contract, between, etruscan, families, velthina, from, perugia. The Cippus Perusinus is a stone tablet cippus discovered on the hill of San Marco near Perugia Italy in 1822 The tablet bears 46 lines of incised Etruscan text about 130 words The cippus is assumed to be a text dedicating a legal contract between the Etruscan families of Velthina from Perugia and Afuna from Chiusi regarding the sharing or use of a property upon which there was a tomb belonging to the noble Velthinas 1 2 Cippus Perusinus The Cippus of Perugia 3rd or 2nd century BCE Side view The date of the inscription is considered to be 3rd or 2nd century BC The Cippus is conserved in the National Archeological Museum of Perugia 1 Contents 1 Original text 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksOriginal text Edit Text transcription Formatted according to latest theory by F Roncalli for the original lines distorted when they were copied onto this stone 3 There are no capital letters in the original but known and certain names are capitalized below Lines in parentheses are those of the actual cippus Word spacing is mostly hypothetical Front 1 eurat tanna Larezul 2 ame vaxr lautn Vel8inas e 3 stla Afunas slel e8 caru 4 tezan fusleri tesnsteis 5 rasnes ipa ama hen naper 6 XII twelve Vel8ina8uras aras pe 7 rasc emulm lescul zu ci en 8 es ci epl tularu dd 9 Aulesi Vel8inas Arznal cl 10 ensi 8ii 8il scuna cenu e 11 plc felic Lar8als Afunes dd 13 falas xiem fusle Vel8ina 12 clen 8unxul8e 14 hin8a cape municlet masu 15 naper sran czl 8ii falast V 16 el8ina hut naper pen ezs 17 masu acnina clel Afuna Vel 18 8ina mler zinia inte mame 19 r cnl Vel8ina zia satene dd 20 tesne eca Vel8ina 8uras 8 21 aura helu tesne rasne cei 22 tesns teis rasnes xim8 sp 23 el 8uta scuna Afuna mena 24 hen naper ci cnl hare utuse dd Side 25 Vel8ina s 26 atena zuc 27 i enesci i 28 pa spelane 29 8i fulumx 30 va spel8i 31 rene8i est 32 ac Vel8ina 34 acilune turune sc 35 une zea zuc 36 i enesci a8 37 umics Afu 38 nas pen8n 39 a ama Vel8 40 ina Afun a 41 8uruni ein 42 zeri una cl 43 a 8il 8unx 44 ul8l ix ca 45 cexa zixux 46 e dd Notes The last word in the text zixuxe means was written 4 In line 10 8i i and 8i l are respectively dative instrumental and genitive for water and according to Facchetti and approved by Wylin the form cenu means is obtained Wylin translastes the phrase 9 11 Aulesi Vel8inas Arznal clensi 8ii 8il scuna cenu e pl c feli c Lar8al s Afun e as With respect to the water of Aule Velthina son of Arznei the use scuna of water is obtained bothepl and feli by Larth Afuna And Wylin points out that the tricolon in lines 33 34 acilune turune scune probably corresponds to the Latin legal phrase facere dare praestare to do to give and to make good a phrase used with respect to personal obligations rather than legal rights 5 2 6 Some phrases identified and partly translated by van Heems include 1 2 eurat tanna larezul ame Larezul is the arbitrator tanna of what follows 2 3 vaxr lautn Vel8inas estla Afunas slel e8 caru An agreement of the Velthina tribe with that of Afuna by his own accord was concluded car u 3 5 tezan fusle ri tesns teis rasnes Complying tezan to the ordinances fusle ri from the public Etruscan law 5 7 ipa ama hen naper XII Vel8ina 8ur as aras peras c that 12 hen arable acres of Velthinas shall be dedicated and pera ed 18 21 inte mamer cnl Vel8ina zia satene tesne eca Vel8ina 8uras 8aura helu To the tomb which Velthina zi ed on the mamer according to the satena law this has been hel ed as the tomb of Velthina 36 46 a8umics Afunas pen8na ama Vel8ina Afuna 8uruni ein zeriuna cla 8il 8unxul8l ix ca cexa zixuxe The cippus of Afuna is a8umics Velthina and Afuna together 8uruni shall not zerina violate the accord concernting the water rights as this is written above 7 See also EditTyrrhenian languages Other Etruscan inscriptions Liber Linteus Tabula CortonensisNotes Edit a b National Archaeological Museum of Perugia The Cippus of Perugia Archived from the original on 2012 03 03 Retrieved 2021 07 15 a b The first Chapter of the Cortona inscription PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 06 13 Hillary Becker Evidence for Etruscan Archives Tracking the epigraphic habit in tombs the sacred sphere and at home in Etruscan Literacy in its Social Context ed Ruth Whitehouse Accordia Research Institute London 2020 p 172 4 https air unimi it bitstream 2434 722285 2 BagnascoGianni 202020 deGrummond pdf Bonfante L Reading the Past Etruscan UCalPress 990 p12 https dictionary thelaw com praestare Facchetti Giulio M Frammenti di diritto privato etrusco Firenze 2000 Gilles van Heems Per uno studio sintattico del Cippo di Perugia struttura frastica e fraseologica di un testo lungo in Melanges de l Ecole francaise de Rome Antiquite 133 1 2021 pp 23 38 https doi org 10 4000 mefra 11136 https journals openedition org mefra 11136 Open AccessReferences EditMaterials for the study of the Etruscan Language prepared by Murray Fowler and Richard George Wolfe Bonfante Giuliano Bonfante Larissa 2002 The Etruscan Language an Introduction Manchester University of Manchester Press ISBN 0 7190 5540 7 Cristofani Mauro et al 1984 Gli Etruschi una nuova immagine Firenze Giunti Martello Cristofani Mauro 1979 The Etruscans A New Investigation Echoes of the ancient world Orbis Pub ISBN 0 85613 259 4 Rix Helmut 1985 Sul testo del cippo di Perugia in Studi Etruschi 53 1987 pp 161 170 Rix Helmut 1991 Etruskische Texte G Narr ISBN 3 8233 4240 1 2 vols External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cippus Perusinus The Etruscan Texts Project A searchable database of Etruscan texts Coordinates 43 07 39 N 12 21 57 E 43 12750 N 12 36583 E 43 12750 12 36583 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cippus Perusinus amp oldid 1129151424, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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