Cinnamomum mercadoi (kalingag) is a small tree, about 6 to 10 metres (20 to 33 ft) high, with a thick, aromatic bark. The plant part of the family Lauraceae, which contains about 45 genera and 2000-2500 species,[2] and is related to the culinary cinnamon, sassafras, and bay tree. The plant is indigenous to the Philippines, where it grows best in forests at low and medium altitudes that sometimes ascend to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). C. mercadoi is unusual in the cinnamon family in that its essential oil consists large amounts of safrol, whereas other oils of cinnamon contain cinnamaldehyde. It is currently listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List as "vulnerable" due to the overharvesting and the continuous loss of the Philippine forests.[1]
C. mercadoi plants are monoecious and are variable in the height, shape, size, and texture of the leaves. They typically grow in primary and secondary forests with altitudes of about 300 to 700 metres (980 to 2,300 ft)[3] but are able to ascend to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). They grow best in subtropical and mild temperate forest conditions where high humidity and relatively stable, mild temperatures are found. They also grow best in pH levels of about 4 to 5 and their seeds are mainly dispersed via birds such as the fruit-specialized hornbills which account for the scattered distribution and regeneration of the tree species across the island.
Description
The leaves of the C. mercadoi are simple, opposite or subopposite, smooth, pale green, ovately-oblong or broadly lanceolate. The leaves are also sometimes subelliptic, usually 8 to 20 centimeters long and 4 to 6 centimeters wide, and are pointed at both ends, with petioles 5 to 15 millimeters long. The inflorescence is erect and grows from the uppermost leaf axils, about 10 centimeters long. The petals are smooth and rarely exerted. The calyx is canescent and turbinate. Finally, the bark is gray and does not have any fissures or cracks. It is covered irregularly with corky pustules and thus giving the bark a slightly rough appearance.[4]
Flowers and fruit
The flowers of the C. mercadoi are greenish-yellow and include in terminal or subterminal panicles up to 15 centimeters long. The fruits are smooth, shiny, steel blue, elliptic-shaped, seated on a bowl-shaped perianth cup, and are usually 12 x 8 millimeters in dimension. The seeds are smooth and are narrow to elliptic-shaped.[5]
Use
Food
The sassafras aroma and taste that the leaves and bark of the C. mercadoi may be added to root beers to give them flavor. Kalingag.[6]
Medicinal
There are several medicinal properties of C. mercadoi including its usage as a(n) diaphoretic, parasiticide, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, analgesic, and diuretic.[6] The bark of C. mercadoi has traditionally been used in medicine in the Philippines. In 1668, the Jesuit Ignatio Francisco Alzina reported that eating it aided digestion and since then, it has been employed to treat digestive troubles. It was also employed as a treatment for headaches and rheumatism and has been used as a rubefacient.[7] Furthermore, the bark is used as a(n) carminative, stimulant, astringent, antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral property. Finally, the decocotion of the leaves is a remedy for flatulence and menstrual problems in women.
Chemistry
In a study by Bacon (1909), one of the earliest chemical studies on the C. mercadoi reported the presence of essential oil, oleoresin, and resin. It was discovered that the oil primarily contained safrole and a further study conducted by Concha (1966), showed that the volatile oil and safrole were found in the leaves, bark, and roots of the plant. Sapogenin was also found to be present in the leaves and seeds of the C. mercadoi, as was reported by Anzaldo (1958). Phytochemical screening of the crude methanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of saponins, condensed tannins, an unsaturated lactone ring, and leucoanthocyanins.
^Xiwen, L. "Lauraceae" (PDF). Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^Melvin Lippe. (PDF). Center for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
^Lating, M.V. (PDF). Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^"Cinnamomum mercadoi Vidal". ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^ abKalingag, Stuartxchange.com. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^Torres, Rosalinda C.; Sison, Fe M.; Ysrael, Mafel C. (June 2003). (PDF). Philippine Journal of Science. 132 (1): 27–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2012-04-28.
February 12, 2023
cinnamomum, mercadoi, kalingag, small, tree, about, metres, high, with, thick, aromatic, bark, plant, part, family, lauraceae, which, contains, about, genera, 2000, 2500, species, related, culinary, cinnamon, sassafras, tree, plant, indigenous, philippines, wh. Cinnamomum mercadoi kalingag is a small tree about 6 to 10 metres 20 to 33 ft high with a thick aromatic bark The plant part of the family Lauraceae which contains about 45 genera and 2000 2500 species 2 and is related to the culinary cinnamon sassafras and bay tree The plant is indigenous to the Philippines where it grows best in forests at low and medium altitudes that sometimes ascend to 2 000 metres 6 600 ft C mercadoi is unusual in the cinnamon family in that its essential oil consists large amounts of safrol whereas other oils of cinnamon contain cinnamaldehyde It is currently listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red List as vulnerable due to the overharvesting and the continuous loss of the Philippine forests 1 Cinnamomum mercadoiConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 2 3 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MagnoliidsOrder LauralesFamily LauraceaeGenus CinnamomumSpecies C mercadoiBinomial nameCinnamomum mercadoiS Vidal Contents 1 Distribution 2 Habitat and ecology 3 Description 4 Flowers and fruit 5 Use 5 1 Food 5 2 Medicinal 5 3 Chemistry 6 ReferencesDistribution EditCinnamomum mercadoi is only found in the Philippines from the Babuyan Islands and northern Luzon to Mindanao Habitat and ecology EditC mercadoi plants are monoecious and are variable in the height shape size and texture of the leaves They typically grow in primary and secondary forests with altitudes of about 300 to 700 metres 980 to 2 300 ft 3 but are able to ascend to 2 000 metres 6 600 ft They grow best in subtropical and mild temperate forest conditions where high humidity and relatively stable mild temperatures are found They also grow best in pH levels of about 4 to 5 and their seeds are mainly dispersed via birds such as the fruit specialized hornbills which account for the scattered distribution and regeneration of the tree species across the island Description EditThe leaves of the C mercadoi are simple opposite or subopposite smooth pale green ovately oblong or broadly lanceolate The leaves are also sometimes subelliptic usually 8 to 20 centimeters long and 4 to 6 centimeters wide and are pointed at both ends with petioles 5 to 15 millimeters long The inflorescence is erect and grows from the uppermost leaf axils about 10 centimeters long The petals are smooth and rarely exerted The calyx is canescent and turbinate Finally the bark is gray and does not have any fissures or cracks It is covered irregularly with corky pustules and thus giving the bark a slightly rough appearance 4 Flowers and fruit EditThe flowers of the C mercadoi are greenish yellow and include in terminal or subterminal panicles up to 15 centimeters long The fruits are smooth shiny steel blue elliptic shaped seated on a bowl shaped perianth cup and are usually 12 x 8 millimeters in dimension The seeds are smooth and are narrow to elliptic shaped 5 Use EditFood Edit The sassafras aroma and taste that the leaves and bark of the C mercadoi may be added to root beers to give them flavor Kalingag 6 Medicinal Edit There are several medicinal properties of C mercadoi including its usage as a n diaphoretic parasiticide antispasmodic aphrodisiac analgesic and diuretic 6 The bark of C mercadoi has traditionally been used in medicine in the Philippines In 1668 the Jesuit Ignatio Francisco Alzina reported that eating it aided digestion and since then it has been employed to treat digestive troubles It was also employed as a treatment for headaches and rheumatism and has been used as a rubefacient 7 Furthermore the bark is used as a n carminative stimulant astringent antiseptic antifungal and antiviral property Finally the decocotion of the leaves is a remedy for flatulence and menstrual problems in women Chemistry Edit In a study by Bacon 1909 one of the earliest chemical studies on the C mercadoi reported the presence of essential oil oleoresin and resin It was discovered that the oil primarily contained safrole and a further study conducted by Concha 1966 showed that the volatile oil and safrole were found in the leaves bark and roots of the plant Sapogenin was also found to be present in the leaves and seeds of the C mercadoi as was reported by Anzaldo 1958 Phytochemical screening of the crude methanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of saponins condensed tannins an unsaturated lactone ring and leucoanthocyanins References Edit a b World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998 Cinnamomum mercadoi The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN 1998 e T33330A9777350 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 1998 RLTS T33330A9777350 en Xiwen L Lauraceae PDF Retrieved 26 April 2012 Melvin Lippe Habitat requirements and population structure of selected multipurpose tree species of primary rainforests PDF Center for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Archived from the original PDF on 12 March 2016 Retrieved 25 April 2012 Lating M V Forest Tree Species With Medicinal Uses PDF Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau Department of Environmental and Natural Resources College Archived from the original PDF on 27 February 2012 Retrieved 29 April 2012 Cinnamomum mercadoi Vidal ASEAN Tropical Plant Database Archived from the original on 11 July 2012 Retrieved 26 April 2012 a b Kalingag Stuartxchange com Retrieved 26 April 2012 Torres Rosalinda C Sison Fe M Ysrael Mafel C June 2003 Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies on the Crude Methanol Extract of Cinnamomum mercadoi Vidal PDF Philippine Journal of Science 132 1 27 32 Archived from the original PDF on 2015 04 27 Retrieved 2012 04 28 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cinnamomum mercadoi amp oldid 1013592845, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
