The Ciboney, or Siboney, were a Taíno people of western Cuba, Jamaica, and the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti. A Western Taíno group living in central Cuba during the 15th and 16th centuries, they had a dialect and culture distinct from the Classic Taíno in the eastern part of the island, though much of the Ciboney territory was under the control of the eastern chiefs[citation needed]. Confusion in the historical sources led 20th-century scholars to apply the name "Ciboney" to the non-Taíno Guanahatabey of western Cuba and various archaic cultures around the Caribbean, but this is deprecated.
Ciboney was the region of Cuba inhabited by the Western Taíno group.
At the time of Spanish colonization, the Ciboney were the most populous group in Cuba. They inhabited the central part of the island, between western Pinar del Río Province and eastern Oriente Province.[1]Bartolomé de las Casas, who lived among the Ciboney in the early 16th century, related that their dialect and culture was similar to that of the Lucayans of the present-day Bahamas.[2] As such, scholars classify the Ciboney as a Western Taíno group, associating them with the peoples of the Bahamas, Jamaica, and westernmost Hispaniola, while distinguishing them from the Classic Taíno of eastern Cuba, most of Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.[3] In addition to the Classic Taíno in eastern Cuba, the Ciboney shared the island with the Guanahatabey, an archaic people inhabiting western Pinar del Río Province.[4] The Ciboney spoke a dialect of the Taíno language conventionally known as Ciboney Taíno; it was distinct from, but mutually intelligible with, Classic Taíno.[5]
The Ciboney were the dominant population in Cuba until around 1450.[6] Las Casas states that unlike the highly organized Classic Taíno to the east, the Ciboney had no integrated chiefdoms or wider political structure.[7] In the mid-15th century, Classic Taíno from Hispaniola began migrating into eastern Cuba, overcoming the native Ciboney. These "Cuban Taíno" established chiefdoms concentrated in Oriente Province, though they established settlements as far west as Havana Province.[6] However, the Cuban Taíno never established an island-wide political structure as existed in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.[7] Classic Taíno migration from Hispaniola to Cuba increased after Spanish contact, with many Taíno leaving to escape the Spanish incursion. Notably, Hispaniola Taíno chief Hatuey fled to Cuba with most of his people; he remained there until the Spanish captured and executed him.[2] Following the Spanish conquest of Cuba in 1511 under Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the population of all native groups declined precipitously until they had disappeared as distinct groups by the end of the century.[8]
Confusion with the Guanahatabey
In the 20th century, misreadings of the historical record led scholars to confuse the Ciboney with both a neighbouring group, the Guanahatabey, and with archaic-level populations around the Caribbean. Las Casas referred to both the Ciboney and the Guanahatabey, but he was clear they were different: the Guanahatabey were a primitive society of hunter-gatherers in western Cuba, and they spoke a separate language distinct from Taíno. A confusion of the sources led archaeologists to use the term "Ciboney" for the aceramic (lacking pottery) archaeological sites found on various Caribbean islands. As many of these were found in the former Guanahatabey territory, the term became associated with the historical non-Taíno Guanahatabey.[9][10] Scholars recognized the error in the 1980s and have restored the name "Ciboney" to the Western Taíno people of Cuba.[11]
Granberry, Julian; Vescelius, Gary (1992). Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles. University of Alabama Press. ISBN081735123X.
Rouse, Irving (1992). The Tainos. Yale University Press. p. 40. ISBN0300051816.
Saunders, Nicholas J. (2005). The Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN1576077012.
Harrington, Mark Raymond (1921). Cuba Before Columbus. Cuba Before Columbus. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
March 20, 2023
ciboney, siboney, were, taíno, people, western, cuba, jamaica, tiburon, peninsula, haiti, western, taíno, group, living, central, cuba, during, 15th, 16th, centuries, they, dialect, culture, distinct, from, classic, taíno, eastern, part, island, though, much, . The Ciboney or Siboney were a Taino people of western Cuba Jamaica and the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti A Western Taino group living in central Cuba during the 15th and 16th centuries they had a dialect and culture distinct from the Classic Taino in the eastern part of the island though much of the Ciboney territory was under the control of the eastern chiefs citation needed Confusion in the historical sources led 20th century scholars to apply the name Ciboney to the non Taino Guanahatabey of western Cuba and various archaic cultures around the Caribbean but this is deprecated Ciboney was the region of Cuba inhabited by the Western Taino group Contents 1 History 2 Confusion with the Guanahatabey 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory EditAt the time of Spanish colonization the Ciboney were the most populous group in Cuba They inhabited the central part of the island between western Pinar del Rio Province and eastern Oriente Province 1 Bartolome de las Casas who lived among the Ciboney in the early 16th century related that their dialect and culture was similar to that of the Lucayans of the present day Bahamas 2 As such scholars classify the Ciboney as a Western Taino group associating them with the peoples of the Bahamas Jamaica and westernmost Hispaniola while distinguishing them from the Classic Taino of eastern Cuba most of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico 3 In addition to the Classic Taino in eastern Cuba the Ciboney shared the island with the Guanahatabey an archaic people inhabiting western Pinar del Rio Province 4 The Ciboney spoke a dialect of the Taino language conventionally known as Ciboney Taino it was distinct from but mutually intelligible with Classic Taino 5 The Ciboney were the dominant population in Cuba until around 1450 6 Las Casas states that unlike the highly organized Classic Taino to the east the Ciboney had no integrated chiefdoms or wider political structure 7 In the mid 15th century Classic Taino from Hispaniola began migrating into eastern Cuba overcoming the native Ciboney These Cuban Taino established chiefdoms concentrated in Oriente Province though they established settlements as far west as Havana Province 6 However the Cuban Taino never established an island wide political structure as existed in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico 7 Classic Taino migration from Hispaniola to Cuba increased after Spanish contact with many Taino leaving to escape the Spanish incursion Notably Hispaniola Taino chief Hatuey fled to Cuba with most of his people he remained there until the Spanish captured and executed him 2 Following the Spanish conquest of Cuba in 1511 under Diego Velazquez de Cuellar the population of all native groups declined precipitously until they had disappeared as distinct groups by the end of the century 8 Confusion with the Guanahatabey EditIn the 20th century misreadings of the historical record led scholars to confuse the Ciboney with both a neighbouring group the Guanahatabey and with archaic level populations around the Caribbean Las Casas referred to both the Ciboney and the Guanahatabey but he was clear they were different the Guanahatabey were a primitive society of hunter gatherers in western Cuba and they spoke a separate language distinct from Taino A confusion of the sources led archaeologists to use the term Ciboney for the aceramic lacking pottery archaeological sites found on various Caribbean islands As many of these were found in the former Guanahatabey territory the term became associated with the historical non Taino Guanahatabey 9 10 Scholars recognized the error in the 1980s and have restored the name Ciboney to the Western Taino people of Cuba 11 See also EditPre Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles Siboney Cuba a town in eastern CubaNotes Edit Granberry and Vescelius p 20 23 a b Granberry and Vescelius p 20 Granberry and Vescelius p 9 21 Granberry and Vescelius pp 18 19 Granberry and Vescelius p 21 a b Granberry and Vescelius pp 20 21 a b Granberry and Vescelius p 9 Saunders p xvii Saunders pp 122 123 Rouse pp 20 21 Granberry and Vescelius pp 22 23 References EditGranberry Julian Vescelius Gary 1992 Languages of the Pre Columbian Antilles University of Alabama Press ISBN 081735123X Rouse Irving 1992 The Tainos Yale University Press p 40 ISBN 0300051816 Saunders Nicholas J 2005 The Peoples of the Caribbean An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture ABC CLIO ISBN 1576077012 Harrington Mark Raymond 1921 Cuba Before Columbus Cuba Before Columbus Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation Retrieved August 9 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ciboney amp oldid 1137912592, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
