Christian Carl André (1763–1831) was a leading 19th century European natural scientist, publisher, economist and educator. He was among the pioneers in the study of heredity whose vision paved the way for the research of Gregor Mendel, the founder of modern genetics.
Christian Carl André
Born
1763
Died
1831
Nationality
European
Occupation(s)
Natural scientist, publisher economist, educator
Biographical notesedit
Christian Carl André was born on 20 March 1763 in the German town of Hildburghausen.[1] He studied at the University of Jena,[2] and worked as a teacher in Eisenach and at the Schnepfenthal Salzmann School in Gotha.[1] Then from 1798 to 1820 he lived in Brno, then within the Habsburg empire, where he headed the Evangelical Lutheran school; published the newspaper Patriotisches Tagebuch (Patriotic Notebook);[1] and edited a weekly journal Oekonomische Neuigkeiten und Verhandlungen (Economical News and Essays).[3] During this period he was a leading figure in the Moravian Agricultural Society, promoting applied scientific research particularly in the field of sheep-breeding.[3] He then moved to Stuttgart, where he published the Landwirtschaftliche Zeitschrift (Agricultural Journal) and acted as an adviser to the ruler of Württemberg.[1] He died on 19 July 1831.[1]
Scientific significanceedit
In his 1795 textbook on zoology, André showed his understanding of how the characteristics of both parents contribute to those of a new individual, as against the older concept of preformation. In 1815 he drew up a research programme for the Moravian Agricultural Society, stressing the need for basic and applied research in natural science. In many journal articles he disseminated the progress being made, within this Society and in England, on scientific animal and plant breeding. He was instrumental in setting up a sheep-breeding section within the Society - the first animal-breeding association in continental Europe - which investigated methods of artificial selection and the transmission of traits of wool from parents to offspring, i.e. heredity.[2] André addressed in detail the problem of how and in what circumstances inbreeding was liable to lead to weakening of the organism. In 1819 he demonstrated a recently designed micrometer for evaluating wool quality, recognised as marking "the beginning of a new epoch of scientific breeding defined with mathematical precision"[3] His son Rudolf (1792–1827) also studied the theory and practice of sheep-breeding.[3]
The environment of scientific enquiry he helped to foster in the Habsburg empire soon become famous in Europe, and nurtured further work in animal and plant breeding, precursor to the groundbreaking work of Gregor Mendel.[2][3][4]
^ abcVítězslav Orel (1996), Heredity before Mendel, excerpt from Gregor Mendel—the First Geneticist, Oxford University Press
^ abcdeVítězslav Orel (2009), The “Useful Questions of Heredity” before Mendel, Journal of Heredity, Volume 100 Issue 4, Pp. 421-423
^Vítězslav Orel (1996), Mendel and the Agricultural Society of Brno, excerpt from Gregor Mendel—the First Geneticist, Oxford University Press
February 29, 2024
christian, carl, andré, 1763, 1831, leading, 19th, century, european, natural, scientist, publisher, economist, educator, among, pioneers, study, heredity, whose, vision, paved, research, gregor, mendel, founder, modern, genetics, born1763died1831nationalityeu. Christian Carl Andre 1763 1831 was a leading 19th century European natural scientist publisher economist and educator He was among the pioneers in the study of heredity whose vision paved the way for the research of Gregor Mendel the founder of modern genetics Christian Carl AndreBorn1763Died1831NationalityEuropeanOccupation s Natural scientist publisher economist educatorBiographical notes editChristian Carl Andre was born on 20 March 1763 in the German town of Hildburghausen 1 He studied at the University of Jena 2 and worked as a teacher in Eisenach and at the Schnepfenthal Salzmann School in Gotha 1 Then from 1798 to 1820 he lived in Brno then within the Habsburg empire where he headed the Evangelical Lutheran school published the newspaper Patriotisches Tagebuch Patriotic Notebook 1 and edited a weekly journal Oekonomische Neuigkeiten und Verhandlungen Economical News and Essays 3 During this period he was a leading figure in the Moravian Agricultural Society promoting applied scientific research particularly in the field of sheep breeding 3 He then moved to Stuttgart where he published the Landwirtschaftliche Zeitschrift Agricultural Journal and acted as an adviser to the ruler of Wurttemberg 1 He died on 19 July 1831 1 Scientific significance editIn his 1795 textbook on zoology Andre showed his understanding of how the characteristics of both parents contribute to those of a new individual as against the older concept of preformation In 1815 he drew up a research programme for the Moravian Agricultural Society stressing the need for basic and applied research in natural science In many journal articles he disseminated the progress being made within this Society and in England on scientific animal and plant breeding He was instrumental in setting up a sheep breeding section within the Society the first animal breeding association in continental Europe which investigated methods of artificial selection and the transmission of traits of wool from parents to offspring i e heredity 2 Andre addressed in detail the problem of how and in what circumstances inbreeding was liable to lead to weakening of the organism In 1819 he demonstrated a recently designed micrometer for evaluating wool quality recognised as marking the beginning of a new epoch of scientific breeding defined with mathematical precision 3 His son Rudolf 1792 1827 also studied the theory and practice of sheep breeding 3 The environment of scientific enquiry he helped to foster in the Habsburg empire soon become famous in Europe and nurtured further work in animal and plant breeding precursor to the groundbreaking work of Gregor Mendel 2 3 4 References edit a b c d e Christian Carl Andre Archived 2017 06 28 at the Wayback Machine Moravian Museum a b c Vitezslav Orel 1996 Heredity before Mendel excerpt from Gregor Mendel the First Geneticist Oxford University Press a b c d e Vitezslav Orel 2009 The Useful Questions of Heredity before Mendel Journal of Heredity Volume 100 Issue 4 Pp 421 423 Vitezslav Orel 1996 Mendel and the Agricultural Society of Brno excerpt from Gregor Mendel the First Geneticist Oxford University Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Christian Carl Andre amp oldid 1188608837, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
