A chest injury, also known as chest trauma, is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs, heart and lungs. Chest injuries account for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury.[1] Typically chest injuries are caused by blunt mechanisms such as direct, indirect, compression, contusion, deceleration, or blasts[2] caused by motor vehicle collisions or penetrating mechanisms such as stabbings.[3]
Most blunt injuries are managed with relatively simple interventions like tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and chest tube insertion. Diagnosis of blunt injuries may be more difficult and require additional investigations such as CT scanning. Penetrating injuries often require surgery, and complex investigations are usually not needed to come to a diagnosis. Patients with penetrating trauma may deteriorate rapidly, but may also recover much faster than patients with blunt injury.
Outcomesedit
Chest trauma outcomes depend on the severity of the chest injury as well as associated injuries (such as head or spinal trauma) and the patient’s general health condition.
Early management in specialist centres offers better survival. Management is a mixture of medical (eg pain relief, respiratory support, chest drainage and antibiotics), non-medical (physiotherapy and rehabilitation) and surgical (fixation of rib fractures if appropriate and operative treatment of cardiac, lung, airway, diaphragm and oesophageal injuries).
Those who survive chest trauma and are discharged from hospital have a long-term survival comparable to the general population.[4]
^Andrew B., MD Peitzman; Andrew B. Peitzman; Michael, MD Sabom; Donald M., MD Yearly; Timothy C., MD Fabian (2002). The trauma manual. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 203. ISBN0-7817-2641-7.
^Marini, John J., Dries, David J... Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials and More. 5th Edition. Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019. Available from: Books@Ovid at http://ovidsp.ovid.com .
^Feliciano, David V.; Mattox, Kenneth L.; Moore, Ernest J. (2012). Trauma, Seventh Edition (Trauma (Moore)). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 468. ISBN978-0-07-166351-9.
^Ariyaratnam, P (February 2023). "Predictors of long-term survival in 5,680 patients admitted to a UK major trauma centre with thoracic injuries". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons.
External linksedit
January 19, 2024
chest, injury, chest, injury, also, known, chest, trauma, form, physical, injury, chest, including, ribs, heart, lungs, chest, injuries, account, deaths, from, traumatic, injury, typically, chest, injuries, caused, blunt, mechanisms, such, direct, indirect, co. A chest injury also known as chest trauma is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs heart and lungs Chest injuries account for 25 of all deaths from traumatic injury 1 Typically chest injuries are caused by blunt mechanisms such as direct indirect compression contusion deceleration or blasts 2 caused by motor vehicle collisions or penetrating mechanisms such as stabbings 3 Chest injuryOther namesChest trauma Commotio thoracisA chest X ray of a right sided pulmonary contusion associated with flail chest and subcutaneous emphysemaSpecialtyEmergency medicine Contents 1 Classification 2 Diagnosis 3 Outcomes 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksClassification editChest injuries can be classified as blunt or penetrating Blunt and penetrating injuries have different pathophysiologies and clinical courses Specific types of injuries include Injuries to the chest wall Chest wall contusions or hematomas Rib fractures Flail chest Sternal fractures Fractures of the shoulder girdle Pulmonary injury injury to the lung and injuries involving the pleural space Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary laceration Pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax Injury to the airways Tracheobronchial tear Cardiac injury Pericardial tamponade Myocardial contusion Traumatic arrest Hemopericardium Blood vessel injuries Traumatic aortic rupture Thoracic aorta injury Aortic dissection And injuries to other structures within the torso Esophageal injury Boerhaave syndrome Diaphragm injuryDiagnosis editMost blunt injuries are managed with relatively simple interventions like tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and chest tube insertion Diagnosis of blunt injuries may be more difficult and require additional investigations such as CT scanning Penetrating injuries often require surgery and complex investigations are usually not needed to come to a diagnosis Patients with penetrating trauma may deteriorate rapidly but may also recover much faster than patients with blunt injury Outcomes editChest trauma outcomes depend on the severity of the chest injury as well as associated injuries such as head or spinal trauma and the patient s general health condition Early management in specialist centres offers better survival Management is a mixture of medical eg pain relief respiratory support chest drainage and antibiotics non medical physiotherapy and rehabilitation and surgical fixation of rib fractures if appropriate and operative treatment of cardiac lung airway diaphragm and oesophageal injuries Those who survive chest trauma and are discharged from hospital have a long term survival comparable to the general population 4 See also editTransmediastinal gunshot wound Commotio thoracisReferences edit Andrew B MD Peitzman Andrew B Peitzman Michael MD Sabom Donald M MD Yearly Timothy C MD Fabian 2002 The trauma manual Hagerstwon MD Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins p 203 ISBN 0 7817 2641 7 Marini John J Dries David J Critical Care Medicine The Essentials and More 5th Edition Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia PA 19103 USA Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins 2019 Available from Books Ovid at http ovidsp ovid com Feliciano David V Mattox Kenneth L Moore Ernest J 2012 Trauma Seventh Edition Trauma Moore McGraw Hill Professional p 468 ISBN 978 0 07 166351 9 Ariyaratnam P February 2023 Predictors of long term survival in 5 680 patients admitted to a UK major trauma centre with thoracic injuries Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chest injury amp oldid 1181261365, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
