A hematoma, also spelled haematoma, or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery[1] and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm.[2]
They may occur among and or within many areas such as skin and other organs, connective tissues, bone, joints and muscle.
A collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner). Blood seepage and collection of blood may occur if heparin is given via an intramuscular route; to avoid this, heparin must be given intravenously or subcutaneously.
Intramuscular hematoma development and progression on the vastus lateralis muscle from 6 hours after trauma to 86 hours
Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin (commonly called bruises) or possibly felt as masses or lumps. Lumps may be caused by the limitation of the blood to a sac, subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space isolated by fascial planes. This is a key anatomical feature that helps prevent injuries from causing massive blood loss. In most cases a hematoma as a sac of blood eventually dissolves; however, in some cases it may continue to grow due to blood seepage or show no change. If the sac of blood does not disappear, then it may need to be surgically cleaned out or repaired.
The slow process of reabsorption of hematomas can allow the broken down blood cells and hemoglobin pigment to move in the connective tissue. For example, a patient who injures the base of their thumb might cause a hematoma, which will slowly move all through their finger within a week. Gravity is the main determinant of this process.
Hematomas on articulations can reduce mobility of a member and present roughly the same symptoms as a fracture.
In most cases, movement and exercise of the affected muscle is the best way to introduce the collection back into the bloodstream.
A misdiagnosis of a hematoma in the vertebra can sometimes occur; this is correctly called a hemangioma (buildup of cells) or a benign tumor.
Petechiae – small pinpoint hematomas less than 3 mm in diameter
Purpura (purple) – a bruise about 3–5 mm in diameter, generally round in shape
Ecchymosis – subcutaneous extravasation of blood in a thin layer under the skin, i.e. bruising or "black and blue", over 1 cm in diameter[3]
Etymology
The English word "hematoma" came into use in 1826. The word derives from the Greek αἷμα haima "blood" and -ωμα -oma, a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor.[4]
^"Hematoma, toenail, gross". library.med.utah.edu. 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
^"Information on Hematoma Types, Causes, and Treatments on". Emedicinehealth.com. Retrieved 2013-04-11.
^Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C., eds. (2017-03-28). Robbins basic pathology. Illustrated by Perkins, James A. (10th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 101. ISBN9780323353175. OCLC 960844656.
hematoma, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2012, lear. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hematoma news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Not to be confused with Hemangioma A hematoma also spelled haematoma or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery 1 and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm 2 HematomaOther nameshaematomaContusion bruise a simple form of hematomaSpecialtyEmergency medicineThey may occur among and or within many areas such as skin and other organs connective tissues bone joints and muscle A collection of blood or even a hemorrhage may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication blood thinner Blood seepage and collection of blood may occur if heparin is given via an intramuscular route to avoid this heparin must be given intravenously or subcutaneously Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Classification 2 1 Types 2 2 Degrees 3 Etymology 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksSigns and symptoms Edit Intramuscular hematoma development and progression on the vastus lateralis muscle from 6 hours after trauma to 86 hours Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin commonly called bruises or possibly felt as masses or lumps Lumps may be caused by the limitation of the blood to a sac subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space isolated by fascial planes This is a key anatomical feature that helps prevent injuries from causing massive blood loss In most cases a hematoma as a sac of blood eventually dissolves however in some cases it may continue to grow due to blood seepage or show no change If the sac of blood does not disappear then it may need to be surgically cleaned out or repaired The slow process of reabsorption of hematomas can allow the broken down blood cells and hemoglobin pigment to move in the connective tissue For example a patient who injures the base of their thumb might cause a hematoma which will slowly move all through their finger within a week Gravity is the main determinant of this process Hematomas on articulations can reduce mobility of a member and present roughly the same symptoms as a fracture In most cases movement and exercise of the affected muscle is the best way to introduce the collection back into the bloodstream A misdiagnosis of a hematoma in the vertebra can sometimes occur this is correctly called a hemangioma buildup of cells or a benign tumor Classification EditTypes Edit Intramuscular hematoma at buttocks as a result of a sports injury Left to right Epidural subdural and intracranial hematoma of the brain Hematoma of the ankle caused by a 3rd degree sprain Subdermal hematoma under the skin Intramuscular hematoma inside muscle tissue Skull brain Subgaleal hematoma between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum Cephalohematoma between the periosteum and skull Commonly caused by vacuum delivery and vertex delivery Epidural hematoma between the skull and dura mater Subdural hematoma between the dura mater and arachnoid mater Subarachnoid hematoma between the arachnoid mater and pia mater the subarachnoid space Othematoma between the skin and the layers of cartilage of the ear Breast hematoma breast Perichondral hematoma ear Perianal hematoma anus Subungual hematoma nail Rectus sheath hematomaDegrees Edit Petechiae small pinpoint hematomas less than 3 mm in diameter Purpura purple a bruise about 3 5 mm in diameter generally round in shape Ecchymosis subcutaneous extravasation of blood in a thin layer under the skin i e bruising or black and blue over 1 cm in diameter 3 Etymology EditThe English word hematoma came into use in 1826 The word derives from the Greek aἷma haima blood and wma oma a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor 4 See also EditMetanephric dysplastic hematoma of the sacral region WeltsReferences Edit Hematoma toenail gross library med utah edu 2013 Retrieved January 18 2013 Information on Hematoma Types Causes and Treatments on Emedicinehealth com Retrieved 2013 04 11 Kumar Vinay Abbas Abul K Aster Jon C eds 2017 03 28 Robbins basic pathology Illustrated by Perkins James A 10th ed Philadelphia Pennsylvania p 101 ISBN 9780323353175 OCLC 960844656 hematoma Online Etymology Dictionary External links Edit Media related to Hematomas at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hematoma amp oldid 1134934138, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
