Cheng Yi (1033–1107), also known by various other names and romanizations, was a Chinese classicist, essayist, philosopher, and politician of the Song Dynasty.[1] He worked with his older brother Cheng Hao. Like his brother, he was a student of Zhou Dunyi, a friend of Shao Yong, and a nephew of Zhang Zai. The five of them along with Sima Guang are called the Six Great Masters by his follower Zhu Xi. He became a prominent figure in neo-Confucianism, and the philosophy of Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi is referred to as the Cheng–Zhu school or the Rationalistic School.[2]
Cheng Yi
Imaginary of Cheng Yi by Shangguan Zhou (上官周, b. 1665).
Cheng was born in Luoyang, Henan in 1033. Cheng entered the national university in 1056, and received the "presented scholar" degree in 1059. He lived and taught in Luoyang, and declined numerous appointments to high offices. He campaigned against the reformist policies of Wang Anshi, and after the reformers were dismissed from office, he was appointed expositor-in-waiting in 1086 to begin lecturing the emperor on Confucianism.[3] He was more aggressive and obstinate than his brother, and made several enemies, including Su Shi, the leader of the Sichuan group. In 1097, his enemies were able to ban his teachings, confiscate his properties, and banish him. He was pardoned three years later, but was blacklisted and again his work was banned in 1103. He was finally pardoned in 1106, one year before his death.[4]
In 1452 the title Wujing Boshi (五經博士) was bestowed upon the descendants of Cheng Yi and other Confucian sages such as Mencius, Zengzi, Zhou Dunyi, and Zhu Xi.[5]
A well known chengyu 程門立雪 refers to an incident when two men (Yang Shi and You Zuo) requesting to be taken on as his disciples stood in the snow for hours at his door and became renowned examples of the Confucian virtues of devotion to learning and respect for one's master.[6]
Cheng Yi is widely believed to be responsible for the rise of the cult of widow chastity.[7][8] He argued that it would be improper for a man to marry a widow since she had lost her integrity. On the question of widows who had become impoverished due to the death of their husbands, Cheng stated: "To starve to death is a small matter, but to lose one's chastity is a great matter." (餓死事小，失節事大).[7][8] The practice of widow chastity that became common in the Ming and Qing dynasty would lead to hardship and loneliness for many widows,[9] as well as a dramatic increase in suicides by widows during the Ming era.[10][11]
^James D. Sellman, "Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi," in Great Thinkers of the Eastern World, Ian McGreal, ed., New York: Harper Collins, 1995, p. 111-115.
^Wilson, Thomas A.. 1996. "The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage". The Journal of Asian Studies 55 (3). [Cambridge University Press, Association for Asian Studies]: 559–84. doi:10.2307/2646446. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2646446 p. 571.
^ abLi-Hsiang Lisa Rosenlee (2007). Confucianism and Women: A Philosophical Interpretation. State University of New York Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN978-0-7914-6750-3.
^ abPatricia Buckley Ebrey (19 September 2002). Women and the Family in Chinese History. Routledge. pp. 10–12. ISBN978-0-415-28822-4.
^Adler, Joseph A. (Winter 2006). "Daughter/Wife/Mother or Sage/Immortal/Bodhisattva? Women in the Teaching of Chinese Religions". ASIANetwork Exchange, vol. XIV, no. 2. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
^T'ien, Ju-k'ang (1988). Male Anxiety and Female Chastity: a comparative study of Chinese ethical values in Ming-Ch'ing time. Brill. pp. xii, 39–69. ISBN978-90-04-08361-5.
^Ropp, Paul S. (1994). "Women in late imperial China: a review of recent english-language scholarship". Women's History Review. 3 (3): 347–383. doi:10.1080/09612029400200060.
August 19, 2023
cheng, philosopher, this, chinese, name, family, name, cheng, cheng, 1033, 1107, also, known, various, other, names, romanizations, chinese, classicist, essayist, philosopher, politician, song, dynasty, worked, with, older, brother, cheng, like, brother, stude. In this Chinese name the family name is Cheng Cheng Yi 1033 1107 also known by various other names and romanizations was a Chinese classicist essayist philosopher and politician of the Song Dynasty 1 He worked with his older brother Cheng Hao Like his brother he was a student of Zhou Dunyi a friend of Shao Yong and a nephew of Zhang Zai The five of them along with Sima Guang are called the Six Great Masters by his follower Zhu Xi He became a prominent figure in neo Confucianism and the philosophy of Cheng Yi Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi is referred to as the Cheng Zhu school or the Rationalistic School 2 Cheng YiImaginary of Cheng Yi by Shangguan Zhou 上官周 b 1665 Born1033Died1107 aged 74 Occupation s Classicist essayist philosopher politicianEraNeo ConfucianismRegionChinese PhilosophyInfluences Zhou Dunyi Confucius MenciusInfluenced Zhu XiPersonal NameTraditional Chinese程頤Simplified Chinese程颐TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinCheng YiWade GilesCh eng ICourtesy NameChinese程正叔TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinCheng ZhengshuWade GilesCh eng Cheng shuLiterary PseudonymChinese伊川先生TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinYichuan xianshengWade GilesI ch uan Hsien shengLife EditCheng was born in Luoyang Henan in 1033 Cheng entered the national university in 1056 and received the presented scholar degree in 1059 He lived and taught in Luoyang and declined numerous appointments to high offices He campaigned against the reformist policies of Wang Anshi and after the reformers were dismissed from office he was appointed expositor in waiting in 1086 to begin lecturing the emperor on Confucianism 3 He was more aggressive and obstinate than his brother and made several enemies including Su Shi the leader of the Sichuan group In 1097 his enemies were able to ban his teachings confiscate his properties and banish him He was pardoned three years later but was blacklisted and again his work was banned in 1103 He was finally pardoned in 1106 one year before his death 4 In 1452 the title Wujing Boshi 五經博士 was bestowed upon the descendants of Cheng Yi and other Confucian sages such as Mencius Zengzi Zhou Dunyi and Zhu Xi 5 A well known chengyu 程門立雪 refers to an incident when two men Yang Shi and You Zuo requesting to be taken on as his disciples stood in the snow for hours at his door and became renowned examples of the Confucian virtues of devotion to learning and respect for one s master 6 Cheng Yi is widely believed to be responsible for the rise of the cult of widow chastity 7 8 He argued that it would be improper for a man to marry a widow since she had lost her integrity On the question of widows who had become impoverished due to the death of their husbands Cheng stated To starve to death is a small matter but to lose one s chastity is a great matter 餓死事小 失節事大 7 8 The practice of widow chastity that became common in the Ming and Qing dynasty would lead to hardship and loneliness for many widows 9 as well as a dramatic increase in suicides by widows during the Ming era 10 11 References Edit China portal Biography portal Philosophy portal Tang Yuyan Cheng Yi Encyclopedia of China Philosophy Edition 1st ed A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy Princeton University Press 2008 09 02 p 545 ISBN 978 1 4008 2003 0 Cheng Yi Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy James D Sellman Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Great Thinkers of the Eastern World Ian McGreal ed New York Harper Collins 1995 p 111 115 Wilson Thomas A 1996 The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage The Journal of Asian Studies 55 3 Cambridge University Press Association for Asian Studies 559 84 doi 10 2307 2646446 https www jstor org stable 2646446 p 571 Yao Xinzhong 2003 O Z Taylor amp Francis US p 739 ISBN 978 0 415 30653 9 a b Li Hsiang Lisa Rosenlee 2007 Confucianism and Women A Philosophical Interpretation State University of New York Press pp 132 133 ISBN 978 0 7914 6750 3 a b Patricia Buckley Ebrey 19 September 2002 Women and the Family in Chinese History Routledge pp 10 12 ISBN 978 0 415 28822 4 Adler Joseph A Winter 2006 Daughter Wife Mother or Sage Immortal Bodhisattva Women in the Teaching of Chinese Religions ASIANetwork Exchange vol XIV no 2 Retrieved 18 May 2011 T ien Ju k ang 1988 Male Anxiety and Female Chastity a comparative study of Chinese ethical values in Ming Ch ing time Brill pp xii 39 69 ISBN 978 90 04 08361 5 Ropp Paul S 1994 Women in late imperial China a review of recent english language scholarship Women s History Review 3 3 347 383 doi 10 1080 09612029400200060 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cheng Yi philosopher amp oldid 1168632014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
