Map of lower Chumbi Valley (Survey of India, 1923): Chema is at the intersection of the Amo Chu Valley and the route from Nathu La.
Across the river, on its eastern bank is the settlement of Pipitang[b] (Chinese: 比比塘; pinyin: Bǐbǐ táng), which was described as a flourishing Chinese village in the 19th century. The village got emptied during the period of Tibet's independence (1912–1951).[2] It is now repopulated.
Chema and Pipitang are four miles to the south of Yatung (Shasima). The track from the Nathu La pass met the Amo Chu valley here, while the track from the Jelep La pass also joined here via Rinchengang.[8] At the present time, the Yanai Road (Chinese: 亚乃路; pinyin: Yà nǎi lù) runs along this route to Nathu La.[9]
In December 1903, British travel writer Laurence Waddell passed through Chema on his way to Lhasa and described it as follows:[5]
A turn of the road, where a rocky spur dips sheer into the river, brings into view the pretty village of Byema, or "The Sandy," nestling on the sandy bank of a torrent from the rugged glen above. Its houses, with their finely carved and painted beams, are quite the most artistic in the whole valley.
His description continued with that of Pipitang:[5]
Beyond this rocky point the gorge opens out again, and here we met a party of Chinese officials and soldiers, the latter in yellow blouses emblazoned on the back with three large Chinese letters in black, all hurrying down the valley. Just beyond this, we come upon the village of these people, a bit of real China-land transplanted thus far west. Entering the gateway under the Chinese tablet, bordered by ferocious leering dragons, you are in a truly Chinese street. On either side are the shops with their swinging signboards, on the window-sills are neat flower-pots with a marigold, daisy, or balsam in bloom, an unexpected luxury in mid-winter [...]. Inside the shops, behind the counters, are the pigtailed shopkeepers, placidly smoking their opium-pipes beside a teapot and saucer.
During the period 1894–1903, when a British Indian trade mart was opened at Old Yatung near Rinchengang, all the villages in the Chumbi valley were involved with the India–Tibet trade. Pipithang also had many Chinese officials and a yamen for handling passports and foreign visitors. Ekai Kawaguchi describes the elaborate procedures devised by the Tibetan and Chinese administration for traders visiting India.[10] The senior Chinese official of the yamen was called Popon.
During 1904–1908, when the Chumbi Valley came under the administration of the British per the Convention of Lhasa, the Chinese continued to use Pipithang as their base, and attempted to act as if they were still controlling the Chumbi Valley.[11] After 1911 Xinhai Revolution and the Dalai Lama's declaration of independence, all Chinese nationals were forced to leave Tibet. The village of Pipitang was deserted and said to have been in ruins in 1919.[2] A British report in 1940 said that the all the houses except one were washed away in a flood.[12]
Notesedit
^Alternative spellings: Pema,[3]Phima,[4] and Byema.[5]
^Alternative spellings include Pipithang, Pibitang[2] and Pimbithang.[7]
Referencesedit
^西藏自治区日喀则地区亚东县下亚东乡切玛村：857616, youbianku.com, retrieved 30 March 2021.
^Indian Information Series, Volumes 5–8, 1942, p. 132, At Pipithang a village further down the valley all housos except one were washed away and 100 persons are reported to have perished. In other villages in the valley 50 houses are said to have been destroyed and 65 people have been drowned.
Bibliographyedit
Bhanja, K. C. (1944), Lure of the Himalaya, Darjeeling: Gilbert & Co – via archive.org
Buchanan, Walter (June 1919), "A Recent Trip into the Chumbi Valley, Tibet", Geographical Journal, LIII (6) – via archive.org
Easton, John (1928), An Unfrequented High through Sikkim and Tibet, London: The Scholartis Press – via archive.org
Fatma, Eram (2017), India–China Border Trade: A Case Study of Sikkim's Nathu La: A Case Study of Sikkim's Nathu La, KW Publishers, ISBN978-93-86288-64-6
Kawaguchi, Ekai (1909), Three Years in Tibet, Adyar, Madras: The Theosophist Office – via archive.org
Lamb, Alastair (1966), The McMahon Line: a Study in the Relations Between, India, China and Tibet, 1904 to 1914, Vol. 1: Morley, Minto and Non-Interference in Tibet, Routledge & K. Paul
McKay, Alex (1997), Tibet and the British Raj: The Frontier Cadre, 1904-1947, Psychology Press, ISBN978-0-7007-0627-3
Waddell, L. Austin (1905), Lhasa and its Mysteries, London: John Murray – via archive.org
White, J. Claude (1909), Sikhim & Bhutan: Twenty-One Years on the North-East Frontier, 1887—1908, London: Edward Arnold – via archive.org
January 01, 1970
chema, tibet, chema, phema, tibetan, wylie, zypy, qêma, chinese, 切玛, pinyin, qiè, village, chumbi, valley, yadong, county, tibet, region, china, valley, where, route, from, sikkim, nathu, pass, meets, valley, chema, xiayadong, township, chema, མvillage切玛村, qiè. Chema or Phema 2 a Tibetan བ མ Wylie bye ma THL je ma ZYPY Qema Chinese 切玛 pinyin Qie mǎ 6 is a village in the Chumbi Valley or Yadong County in the Tibet region of China It is in the valley of Amo Chu where the route from Sikkim s Nathu La pass meets the Amo Chu valley Chema is in the Xiayadong Township Chema བ མVillage切玛村 Qie mǎ cunChemaShow map of TibetChemaShow map of AsiaCoordinates 27 26 40 N 88 55 19 E 27 4445 N 88 922 E 27 4445 88 922CountryChinaCountyYadong Map of lower Chumbi Valley Survey of India 1923 Chema is at the intersection of the Amo Chu Valley and the route from Nathu La Across the river on its eastern bank is the settlement of Pipitang b Chinese 比比塘 pinyin Bǐbǐ tang which was described as a flourishing Chinese village in the 19th century The village got emptied during the period of Tibet s independence 1912 1951 2 It is now repopulated Contents 1 Geography 2 Notes 3 References 4 BibliographyGeography editChema and Pipitang are four miles to the south of Yatung Shasima The track from the Nathu La pass met the Amo Chu valley here while the track from the Jelep La pass also joined here via Rinchengang 8 At the present time the Yanai Road Chinese 亚乃路 pinyin Ya nǎi lu runs along this route to Nathu La 9 In December 1903 British travel writer Laurence Waddell passed through Chema on his way to Lhasa and described it as follows 5 A turn of the road where a rocky spur dips sheer into the river brings into view the pretty village of Byema or The Sandy nestling on the sandy bank of a torrent from the rugged glen above Its houses with their finely carved and painted beams are quite the most artistic in the whole valley His description continued with that of Pipitang 5 Beyond this rocky point the gorge opens out again and here we met a party of Chinese officials and soldiers the latter in yellow blouses emblazoned on the back with three large Chinese letters in black all hurrying down the valley Just beyond this we come upon the village of these people a bit of real China land transplanted thus far west Entering the gateway under the Chinese tablet bordered by ferocious leering dragons you are in a truly Chinese street On either side are the shops with their swinging signboards on the window sills are neat flower pots with a marigold daisy or balsam in bloom an unexpected luxury in mid winter Inside the shops behind the counters are the pigtailed shopkeepers placidly smoking their opium pipes beside a teapot and saucer During the period 1894 1903 when a British Indian trade mart was opened at Old Yatung near Rinchengang all the villages in the Chumbi valley were involved with the India Tibet trade Pipithang also had many Chinese officials and a yamen for handling passports and foreign visitors Ekai Kawaguchi describes the elaborate procedures devised by the Tibetan and Chinese administration for traders visiting India 10 The senior Chinese official of the yamen was called Popon During 1904 1908 when the Chumbi Valley came under the administration of the British per the Convention of Lhasa the Chinese continued to use Pipithang as their base and attempted to act as if they were still controlling the Chumbi Valley 11 After 1911 Xinhai Revolution and the Dalai Lama s declaration of independence all Chinese nationals were forced to leave Tibet The village of Pipitang was deserted and said to have been in ruins in 1919 2 A British report in 1940 said that the all the houses except one were washed away in a flood 12 Notes edit Alternative spellings Pema 3 Phima 4 and Byema 5 Alternative spellings include Pipithang Pibitang 2 and Pimbithang 7 References edit 西藏自治区日喀则地区亚东县下亚东乡切玛村 857616 youbianku com retrieved 30 March 2021 a b c d Buchanan 1919 p 406 White 1909 pp 108 109 Bhanja 1944 p 85 a b c Waddell 1905 pp 86 88 Geographical names of Tibet AR China Xigaze Prefecture Level City KNAB Place Name Database Institute of the Estonian Language 2018 06 03 Kawaguchi 1909 p 620 McKay 1997 p 87 Yanai Road marked on OpenStreetMap retrieved 31 March 2021 Kawaguchi 1909 pp 620 621 Lamb 1966 p 129 Indian Information Series Volumes 5 8 1942 p 132 At Pipithang a village further down the valley all housos except one were washed away and 100 persons are reported to have perished In other villages in the valley 50 houses are said to have been destroyed and 65 people have been drowned Bibliography editBhanja K C 1944 Lure of the Himalaya Darjeeling Gilbert amp Co via archive org Buchanan Walter June 1919 A Recent Trip into the Chumbi Valley Tibet Geographical Journal LIII 6 via archive org Easton John 1928 An Unfrequented High through Sikkim and Tibet London The Scholartis Press via archive org Fatma Eram 2017 India China Border Trade A Case Study of Sikkim s Nathu La A Case Study of Sikkim s Nathu La KW Publishers ISBN 978 93 86288 64 6 Kawaguchi Ekai 1909 Three Years in Tibet Adyar Madras The Theosophist Office via archive org Lamb Alastair 1966 The McMahon Line a Study in the Relations Between India China and Tibet 1904 to 1914 Vol 1 Morley Minto and Non Interference in Tibet Routledge amp K Paul McKay Alex 1997 Tibet and the British Raj The Frontier Cadre 1904 1947 Psychology Press ISBN 978 0 7007 0627 3 Waddell L Austin 1905 Lhasa and its Mysteries London John Murray via archive org White J Claude 1909 Sikhim amp Bhutan Twenty One Years on the North East Frontier 1887 1908 London Edward Arnold via archive org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chema Tibet amp oldid 1216091418, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
