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Chedworth Roman Villa

January 01, 1970

Chedworth Roman Villa is located near Chedworth, Gloucestershire, England[1] and is a scheduled monument.[2] It is one of the largest and most elaborate Roman villas so far discovered in Britain and one with the latest occupation beyond the Roman period. The villa was built in phases from the early 2nd century to the 5th century, with the 4th-century construction transforming the building into an elite dwelling arranged around three sides of a courtyard. The 4th-century building included a heated and furnished west wing containing a dining-room (triclinium) with a fine mosaic floor, as well as two separate bathing suites: one for damp-heat and one for dry-heat.

Chedworth Roman Villa
Coordinates51°49′11″N 1°55′28″W / 51.819786°N 1.924555°W / 51.819786; -1.924555
OS grid referenceSP 05297 13465
Builtc. 120 AD
OwnerNational Trust
Designated5 January 1927
Reference no.1003324
Location of Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire

The villa was discovered in 1864, and was excavated and opened to public view soon afterwards. It was acquired in 1924 by the National Trust who have conducted a long-term conservation programme, with new on-site facilities and cover-buildings.

Historians have debated whether Chedworth was a villa rustica or a religious sanctuary and hostel, as evidence has been found in support of both arguments. Most currently believe, however, that Chedworth was the former, inhabited by a very wealthy Romano-Briton.

Siting edit

The villa stands in a sheltered, shady position overlooking the River Coln in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire. It was located just off the Roman road known as the Fosse Way, and 8 mi (13 km) north of the important town of Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester).[3] Cirencester's reputation as a centre of tribal government and a civitas capital led to quick romanisation of the area and resulting concentration of wealth.[4] Chedworth's location in the Cotswolds and the valley of the River Coln was important for agriculture.[5] It was one of about fifty villas in the Cotswolds,[3] and one of nine in just a 5 mi (8.0 km) radius.[6]

The villa was deliberately located next to a natural spring in the north west corner of the complex which was the villa's main source of water, and around which was later built an apsidal shrine to the water-nymphs (nymphaeum).[7]

History edit

 
West bath house tepidarium mosaic
 
Detail of the Triclinium mosaic: winter

The two nearest settlements were Corinium (Cirencester) founded as forts in about 50, shortly after the Roman conquest, and Glevum (Gloucester) founded in 97. As the area became settled under Roman rule, these centres ceased to be military bases, soldiers retired to land provided by the Roman governorship in recognition of military service. It is noteworthy that twenty-two Roman villas have been found within a ten-mile radius of Chedworth. The villa may have been related to the retirement of these veteran soldiers.[8]

The villa was founded about 120[6] and consisted of separate buildings around 3 sides of a rectangle open to the east with a bath house to the north.[9] The original structures were typical of a working farm and outbuildings. The villa went through at least six stages of construction or re-construction.[10]

In the early 3rd century (Phase II) the west and south wings were rebuilt following a fire, and the north bath suite was enlarged with extra rooms added to its eastern side.[9] In the early 4th century (Phase III), the villa was transformed into an elite dwelling enclosing the courtyard. The existing wings were linked by a covered portico, and an inner garden and outer courtyard were created.[9] The dining-room (triclinium) received its mosaics and the northern half of the west wing was converted to become a second set of baths.[9] Shortly afterwards (Phase IIIA) the baths in the north wing were rebuilt and changed to dry-heat (laconicum) baths,[9] which meant that the villa had both damp-heat and dry-heat bathing suites.[6] The floors of at least 15 rooms were decorated with mosaics. In the late 4th century (Phase IV) the north wing was extended with the addition of a new dining-room.[9] Many of the rooms, particularly the dining rooms were heated by hypocaust.

 
Hypocaust at Chedworth

A feature unique in Britain and discovered in 2017 is that a significant building phase of the villa dates from the 5th century after the end of Roman rule in Britain (410).[11] In room 28 the mosaic and walls on the east and west sides were installed after 424.[12][13][14][15] This is the first evidence that concentrated wealth funded Roman lifestyles in Britain for at least 50 years later than previously thought, as the building of new rooms with a mosaic is evidence of prestige spending on specialized skills including mosaic craftsmen. Other mosaics in neighbouring rooms, including room 30, show stylistic similarities and may also be of the 5th century.

Later a workshop was installed on top of the mosaic floor and two hearths, made out of pieces of architecture of the villa, were built into the worn floor of the room.

52% of the coins found at the villa date from 564 to 585 showing that intensive occupation continued into the post-Roman period.[16]

Nymphaeum edit

 
Nymphaeum

The pool in the north-west corner of the villa complex was developed from the naturally occurring fresh-water spring which most likely inspired the location of the villa in the first place. The spring became a location for an apsidal shrine to the water-nymphs (nymphaeum). The extant curved rear wall is 2 metres high and is the original Roman masonry.[7]

All of the water needs of the villa were provided for by this spring. An octagonal pool is located at the centre and is still fed by the spring; a Christian chi-rho monogram was discovered scratched onto what was the rim of the pool.[17] This symbol had a short presence in the early fourth century but was soon replaced by the original water nymphs.[18]

Temples edit

 
Stone carving of a hunter with a dog and stag

Foundations of a Romano-British temple have been excavated about 800 metres south-east of the villa buildings.[19] The remains comprise the southwest and southeast corners of a rectangular building, measuring 16.5m by 16.0m.[19] Altars preserved in the villa museum probably came from the temple as did coins, glass tesserae and a stone carved niche.[19]

There was, however, another Roman building in Chedworth Woods about 150 metres northwest of the villa which was destroyed in the construction of the railway around 1869.[20] Finds included coins, hexagonal tiles, fragments of pillars, part of a shell-headed niche and glass tesserae.[20] The stone relief of a "hunter god" with hare, dog and stag, sometimes ascribed to the southeast temple, may have come from this site.[20]

Another carved figure was discovered bearing a fragmentary inscription which it is believed may refer to the healing god Mars Lenus, a deity of the Treveri tribe in Gaul.[17]

Discovery and display edit

The villa was accidentally discovered in 1864 by Thomas Margetts, a gamekeeper who was digging for a ferret,[21][22] and found fragments of mosaic tesserae.[23] The site was subsequently excavated in 1865-7 by James Farrer,[22] an antiquarian and the Member of Parliament for South Durham. The owner of the land was the Earl of Eldon,[23] and it was he who financed the excavations, roofing for the mosaics, and the building of the mock-Tudor lodge to house the artifacts.[22] Little, if anything, of the excavations was recorded. Only the best four mosaics were left exposed under shelters and the rest were reburied for their protection.[24]

In 1924 the villa was acquired by the National Trust.[22] Excavations have taken place periodically since then.[23][25]

In 1957-1965 Prof. Ian Richmond excavated and re-interpreted Chedworth but died in 1965 without publishing any results.[26] Parts of the villa were re-buried.

In 2011 a new cover building was provided for the mosaics in the west wing to ensure their preservation.[27] A geophysical survey of the field east of the villa in 2012 revealed a central approach road running up from the valley floor and two other buildings, one a circular stone structure on the south side of the road.[24] A new excavation campaign started in 2013 on the north wing and has revealed previously unrecorded mosaics, partially destroyed by Ian Richmond in 1964.[28]

  •  
    West Bath mosaic
  •  
    Triclinium mosaic
  •  
    Hypocaust room 32
  •  
    West wing corridor mosaic

Geometric meander patterns edit

The pavement mosaics in several rooms exhibit the typical geometric meander patterns found in other Roman villas throughout England. The dining room floor contains one of the most elaborate geometric designs found in the villa. Although in good condition, there are substantial portions of it missing. However, a simple mathematical algorithm has been discovered that is able to reconstruct the missing parts of the mosaic from what is still there.[29]

New building edit

The National Trust considered that Victorian efforts at site conservation were outdated and that the early shelters were not providing sufficient protection. So since 2010 the site has been transformed.[30] They appointed Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios to design a new conservation building as well as a learning facility for the archaeological site. At the same time the reception building was refurbished. The £2.2m project was completed in March 2012.[31]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Esmonde Cleary, A., DARMC, R. Talbert, J. Åhlfeldt, R. Warner, J. Becker, S. Gillies, T. Elliott. "Places: 79383 (Chedworth)". Pleiades. from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Historic England. "Chedworth Roman Villa (1003324)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  3. ^ a b McCloy & Midgley 2008, p. 90
  4. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1972). The Roman Villa: Chedworth. London: Curwen Press. p. 9.
  5. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1972). The Roman Villa: Chedworth. London: Curwen Press. p. 12.
  6. ^ a b c McCloy & Midgley 2008, p. 95
  7. ^ a b Wilson 2002, p. 195
  8. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1989). The Roman villa, Chedworth. The National Trust. OCLC 319670584.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Wilson 2002, p. 191
  10. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1989). The Roman villa, Chedworth. The National Trust.
  11. ^ New dating evidence at Chedworth Roman Villa - Dr Martin Papworth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFxInZulTV4
  12. ^ The 5th Century Chedworth Mosaic: https://archaeologynationaltrustsw.wordpress.com/tag/chedworth-roman-villa/
  13. ^ Morris, Steven (10 December 2020). "Stunning dark ages mosaic found at Roman villa in Cotswolds". Guardian. from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  14. ^ "Chedworth Roman Villa: Mosaic's age stuns historians". BBC News. 10 December 2020. from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Britain's first known 5th century mosaic found at Chedworth Roman Villa". National Trust. from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  16. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1972). The Roman Villa: Chedworth. London: Curwen Press. p. 30
  17. ^ a b Wilson 2002, p. 197
  18. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1989). The Roman Villa Chedworth. National Trust. p. 28.
  19. ^ a b c Monument No. 327595 March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Pastscape, retrieved 10 April 2012
  20. ^ a b c Monument No. 327636 March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Pastscape, retrieved 10 April 2012
  21. ^ Goodburn, Roger (1989). The Roman Villa Chedworth. National Trust.
  22. ^ a b c d Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire May 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Heritage Trail page, retrieved 5 April 2012
  23. ^ a b c Chedworth Roman Villa 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, chedworthromanvilla.com, retrieved 5 April 2012
  24. ^ a b Current Archaeology, August 2015
  25. ^ Chedworth Roman Villa September 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Pastscape, retrieved 5 April 2012
  26. ^ Chedworth and Sir Ian's lost archive https://archaeologynationaltrustsw.wordpress.com/2013/12/01/chedworth-and-sir-ians-lost-archive/
  27. ^ A major transformation for Chedworth Roman Villa April 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, National Trust, retrieved 5 April 2012
  28. ^ Day 4 Beneath topsoil, Mosaic Islands, Posted on August 21, 2014 by martinpapworth, https://archaeologynationaltrustsw.wordpress.com/tag/chedworth-roman-villa/page/6/
  29. ^ Liu, Y. and Toussaint, G. T. “Unraveling Roman mosaic meander patterns: A simple algorithm for their generation,” 8 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Mathematics and the Arts, Vol. 4, Issue 1, March 2010, pp. 1-11.
  30. ^ Esmonde Cleary, Simon; Wood, Jason; Durham, Emma; Papworth, Martin (31 October 2022). "Chedworth Roman Villa". Current Archaeology. London: The Past. from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  31. ^ "Roman Villa archaeological site Chedworth". Inexhibit museum magazine. from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2014.

References edit

  • McCloy, Andrew; Midgley, Andrew (2008), Discovering Roman Britain, New Holland, ISBN 978-1847731289
  • Wilson, Roger (2002), A guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, Constable, ISBN 1841193186
  • Goodburn, Roger. (1972), The Roman Villa: Chedworth, Curwen Press, ISBN 0900562927

Further reading edit

  • Simon Esmonde Cleary, (2012), Chedworth Roman Villa. National Trust Guide. ISBN 1843593815
  • Stephanie Jeane Toussaint, (2013), "A comparative geometric analysis of the patterns found on the pavement mosaics of the Chedworth Roman villa." In Proceedings of Bridges Enschede: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture, Hart, G. & Sarhangi, R., (Eds.), Enschede, The Netherlands, July 27–31, pp. 55–62.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chedworth Roman Villa.

January 01, 1970
chedworth, roman, villa, located, near, chedworth, gloucestershire, england, scheduled, monument, largest, most, elaborate, roman, villas, discovered, britain, with, latest, occupation, beyond, roman, period, villa, built, phases, from, early, century, century. Chedworth Roman Villa is located near Chedworth Gloucestershire England 1 and is a scheduled monument 2 It is one of the largest and most elaborate Roman villas so far discovered in Britain and one with the latest occupation beyond the Roman period The villa was built in phases from the early 2nd century to the 5th century with the 4th century construction transforming the building into an elite dwelling arranged around three sides of a courtyard The 4th century building included a heated and furnished west wing containing a dining room triclinium with a fine mosaic floor as well as two separate bathing suites one for damp heat and one for dry heat Chedworth Roman VillaCoordinates51 49 11 N 1 55 28 W 51 819786 N 1 924555 W 51 819786 1 924555OS grid referenceSP 05297 13465Builtc 120 ADOwnerNational TrustScheduled monumentDesignated5 January 1927Reference no 1003324Location of Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire The villa was discovered in 1864 and was excavated and opened to public view soon afterwards It was acquired in 1924 by the National Trust who have conducted a long term conservation programme with new on site facilities and cover buildings Historians have debated whether Chedworth was a villa rustica or a religious sanctuary and hostel as evidence has been found in support of both arguments Most currently believe however that Chedworth was the former inhabited by a very wealthy Romano Briton Contents 1 Siting 2 History 3 Nymphaeum 4 Temples 5 Discovery and display 6 Geometric meander patterns 7 New building 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksSiting editThe villa stands in a sheltered shady position overlooking the River Coln in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire It was located just off the Roman road known as the Fosse Way and 8 mi 13 km north of the important town of Corinium Dobunnorum Cirencester 3 Cirencester s reputation as a centre of tribal government and a civitas capital led to quick romanisation of the area and resulting concentration of wealth 4 Chedworth s location in the Cotswolds and the valley of the River Coln was important for agriculture 5 It was one of about fifty villas in the Cotswolds 3 and one of nine in just a 5 mi 8 0 km radius 6 The villa was deliberately located next to a natural spring in the north west corner of the complex which was the villa s main source of water and around which was later built an apsidal shrine to the water nymphs nymphaeum 7 History edit nbsp West bath house tepidarium mosaic nbsp Detail of the Triclinium mosaic winter The two nearest settlements were Corinium Cirencester founded as forts in about 50 shortly after the Roman conquest and Glevum Gloucester founded in 97 As the area became settled under Roman rule these centres ceased to be military bases soldiers retired to land provided by the Roman governorship in recognition of military service It is noteworthy that twenty two Roman villas have been found within a ten mile radius of Chedworth The villa may have been related to the retirement of these veteran soldiers 8 The villa was founded about 120 6 and consisted of separate buildings around 3 sides of a rectangle open to the east with a bath house to the north 9 The original structures were typical of a working farm and outbuildings The villa went through at least six stages of construction or re construction 10 In the early 3rd century Phase II the west and south wings were rebuilt following a fire and the north bath suite was enlarged with extra rooms added to its eastern side 9 In the early 4th century Phase III the villa was transformed into an elite dwelling enclosing the courtyard The existing wings were linked by a covered portico and an inner garden and outer courtyard were created 9 The dining room triclinium received its mosaics and the northern half of the west wing was converted to become a second set of baths 9 Shortly afterwards Phase IIIA the baths in the north wing were rebuilt and changed to dry heat laconicum baths 9 which meant that the villa had both damp heat and dry heat bathing suites 6 The floors of at least 15 rooms were decorated with mosaics In the late 4th century Phase IV the north wing was extended with the addition of a new dining room 9 Many of the rooms particularly the dining rooms were heated by hypocaust nbsp Hypocaust at Chedworth A feature unique in Britain and discovered in 2017 is that a significant building phase of the villa dates from the 5th century after the end of Roman rule in Britain 410 11 In room 28 the mosaic and walls on the east and west sides were installed after 424 12 13 14 15 This is the first evidence that concentrated wealth funded Roman lifestyles in Britain for at least 50 years later than previously thought as the building of new rooms with a mosaic is evidence of prestige spending on specialized skills including mosaic craftsmen Other mosaics in neighbouring rooms including room 30 show stylistic similarities and may also be of the 5th century Later a workshop was installed on top of the mosaic floor and two hearths made out of pieces of architecture of the villa were built into the worn floor of the room 52 of the coins found at the villa date from 564 to 585 showing that intensive occupation continued into the post Roman period 16 Nymphaeum edit nbsp Nymphaeum The pool in the north west corner of the villa complex was developed from the naturally occurring fresh water spring which most likely inspired the location of the villa in the first place The spring became a location for an apsidal shrine to the water nymphs nymphaeum The extant curved rear wall is 2 metres high and is the original Roman masonry 7 All of the water needs of the villa were provided for by this spring An octagonal pool is located at the centre and is still fed by the spring a Christian chi rho monogram was discovered scratched onto what was the rim of the pool 17 This symbol had a short presence in the early fourth century but was soon replaced by the original water nymphs 18 Temples edit nbsp Stone carving of a hunter with a dog and stag Foundations of a Romano British temple have been excavated about 800 metres south east of the villa buildings 19 The remains comprise the southwest and southeast corners of a rectangular building measuring 16 5m by 16 0m 19 Altars preserved in the villa museum probably came from the temple as did coins glass tesserae and a stone carved niche 19 There was however another Roman building in Chedworth Woods about 150 metres northwest of the villa which was destroyed in the construction of the railway around 1869 20 Finds included coins hexagonal tiles fragments of pillars part of a shell headed niche and glass tesserae 20 The stone relief of a hunter god with hare dog and stag sometimes ascribed to the southeast temple may have come from this site 20 Another carved figure was discovered bearing a fragmentary inscription which it is believed may refer to the healing god Mars Lenus a deity of the Treveri tribe in Gaul 17 Discovery and display editThe villa was accidentally discovered in 1864 by Thomas Margetts a gamekeeper who was digging for a ferret 21 22 and found fragments of mosaic tesserae 23 The site was subsequently excavated in 1865 7 by James Farrer 22 an antiquarian and the Member of Parliament for South Durham The owner of the land was the Earl of Eldon 23 and it was he who financed the excavations roofing for the mosaics and the building of the mock Tudor lodge to house the artifacts 22 Little if anything of the excavations was recorded Only the best four mosaics were left exposed under shelters and the rest were reburied for their protection 24 In 1924 the villa was acquired by the National Trust 22 Excavations have taken place periodically since then 23 25 In 1957 1965 Prof Ian Richmond excavated and re interpreted Chedworth but died in 1965 without publishing any results 26 Parts of the villa were re buried In 2011 a new cover building was provided for the mosaics in the west wing to ensure their preservation 27 A geophysical survey of the field east of the villa in 2012 revealed a central approach road running up from the valley floor and two other buildings one a circular stone structure on the south side of the road 24 A new excavation campaign started in 2013 on the north wing and has revealed previously unrecorded mosaics partially destroyed by Ian Richmond in 1964 28 nbsp West Bath mosaic nbsp Triclinium mosaic nbsp Hypocaust room 32 nbsp West wing corridor mosaicGeometric meander patterns editThe pavement mosaics in several rooms exhibit the typical geometric meander patterns found in other Roman villas throughout England The dining room floor contains one of the most elaborate geometric designs found in the villa Although in good condition there are substantial portions of it missing However a simple mathematical algorithm has been discovered that is able to reconstruct the missing parts of the mosaic from what is still there 29 New building editThe National Trust considered that Victorian efforts at site conservation were outdated and that the early shelters were not providing sufficient protection So since 2010 the site has been transformed 30 They appointed Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios to design a new conservation building as well as a learning facility for the archaeological site At the same time the reception building was refurbished The 2 2m project was completed in March 2012 31 Notes edit Esmonde Cleary A DARMC R Talbert J Ahlfeldt R Warner J Becker S Gillies T Elliott Places 79383 Chedworth Pleiades Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 16 March 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Historic England Chedworth Roman Villa 1003324 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 16 November 2018 a b McCloy amp Midgley 2008 p 90 Goodburn Roger 1972 The Roman Villa Chedworth London Curwen Press p 9 Goodburn Roger 1972 The Roman Villa Chedworth London Curwen Press p 12 a b c McCloy amp Midgley 2008 p 95 a b Wilson 2002 p 195 Goodburn Roger 1989 The Roman villa Chedworth The National Trust OCLC 319670584 a b c d e f Wilson 2002 p 191 Goodburn Roger 1989 The Roman villa Chedworth The National Trust New dating evidence at Chedworth Roman Villa Dr Martin Papworth https www youtube com watch v kFxInZulTV4 The 5th Century Chedworth Mosaic https archaeologynationaltrustsw wordpress com tag chedworth roman villa Morris Steven 10 December 2020 Stunning dark ages mosaic found at Roman villa in Cotswolds Guardian Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 10 December 2020 Chedworth Roman Villa Mosaic s age stuns historians BBC News 10 December 2020 Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 10 December 2020 Britain s first known 5th century mosaic found at Chedworth Roman Villa National Trust Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 10 December 2020 Goodburn Roger 1972 The Roman Villa Chedworth London Curwen Press p 30 a b Wilson 2002 p 197 Goodburn Roger 1989 The Roman Villa Chedworth National Trust p 28 a b c Monument No 327595 Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine Pastscape retrieved 10 April 2012 a b c Monument No 327636 Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine Pastscape retrieved 10 April 2012 Goodburn Roger 1989 The Roman Villa Chedworth National Trust a b c d Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire Archived May 3 2006 at the Wayback Machine Heritage Trail page retrieved 5 April 2012 a b c Chedworth Roman Villa Archived 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine chedworthromanvilla com retrieved 5 April 2012 a b Current Archaeology August 2015 Chedworth Roman Villa Archived September 21 2013 at the Wayback Machine Pastscape retrieved 5 April 2012 Chedworth and Sir Ian s lost archive https archaeologynationaltrustsw wordpress com 2013 12 01 chedworth and sir ians lost archive A major transformation for Chedworth Roman Villa Archived April 19 2012 at the Wayback Machine National Trust retrieved 5 April 2012 Day 4 Beneath topsoil Mosaic Islands Posted on August 21 2014 by martinpapworth https archaeologynationaltrustsw wordpress com tag chedworth roman villa page 6 Liu Y and Toussaint G T Unraveling Roman mosaic meander patterns A simple algorithm for their generation Archived 8 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Mathematics and the Arts Vol 4 Issue 1 March 2010 pp 1 11 Esmonde Cleary Simon Wood Jason Durham Emma Papworth Martin 31 October 2022 Chedworth Roman Villa Current Archaeology London The Past Archived from the original on 14 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Roman Villa archaeological site Chedworth Inexhibit museum magazine Archived from the original on 10 December 2020 Retrieved 28 April 2014 References editMcCloy Andrew Midgley Andrew 2008 Discovering Roman Britain New Holland ISBN 978 1847731289 Wilson Roger 2002 A guide to the Roman Remains in Britain Constable ISBN 1841193186 Goodburn Roger 1972 The Roman Villa Chedworth Curwen Press ISBN 0900562927Further reading editSimon Esmonde Cleary 2012 Chedworth Roman Villa National Trust Guide ISBN 1843593815 Stephanie Jeane Toussaint 2013 A comparative geometric analysis of the patterns found on the pavement mosaics of the Chedworth Roman villa In Proceedings of Bridges Enschede Mathematics Music Art Architecture Culture Hart G amp Sarhangi R Eds Enschede The Netherlands July 27 31 pp 55 62 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chedworth Roman Villa Chedworth Roman Villa information at the National Trust Heritage Trail page Heritage at Risk Register Chedworth Roman Villa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chedworth Roman Villa amp oldid 1195691875, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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