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Cheapside Park

August 23, 2023

38°02′53″N 84°29′53″W / 38.047955°N 84.49811°W / 38.047955; -84.49811

The Horse & Jockey Pub now resides near the historic site in downtown Lexington, KY

Cheapside Park was a block in downtown Lexington, Kentucky between Upper Street and Mill Street. Cheapside, originally Public Square, was the town's main marketplace in the nineteenth century and included a large slave market before the Civil War.

Cheapside Park played a prominent role in the slave trade, many enslaved people sold here were moved to the lower South, or forced to work in the local areas. The local market served as a conglomerate of local slave traders, slaveholders, and other related individuals.

Cheapside Park was renamed Henry A. Tandy Centennial Park, primarily due to local displeasure with the historical context and connotation of the former name.[1] Since renamed, for previously enslaved Henry A. Tandy, it is currently home to the Lexington Farmers Market and popular events like Thursday Night Live.

History

Cheapside was a major marketplace and one of the largest markets in the south prior to the American Civil War. One of the largest slave markets in the south existed at Cheapside,[2] though it was detested by locals.[3] Cheapside was also host to the sale of "fancy girls", young women of mixed race sold as sex slaves.[4] "Fancy girls" were often transported to Kentucky, due to its reputation for being the largest supplier of these young enslaved women outside of the New Orleans area.[5] However, many of these slaves were born and held within Kentucky's very own borders.[5] The Cheapside slave market allowed slave traders the opportunity to purchase slaves for a low price, which encouraged movement for resale to a more fruitful and profitable market - the deep South.[6] A pair of slave traders, Downing and Hughes, noted raising 57 percent capital on their sale of 13 slaves - purchasing the 13 individuals for $5,292.50, expending $257.72 during their travels to Natchez, Mississippi for resale, and receiving $8,695.00 upon final sale.[6] The total profit, $3,144.78, was encouraging to Downing and Hughes - and eventually, these large returns on investment would encourage others to participate in the arbitrage of slaves, expanding the vastness of the slave trade.[6] Louisville, Henderson, Paducah, and Maysville would become a departure point for many slave traders, their positioning upon the Ohio River would allow easy travel into the Mississippi River, and ultimately the lower South - the more profitable slave markets.[7]

The Kentucky General Assembly attempted to ban or at least cripple the slave trade in 1833 with the Non-Importation Act, which banned the importation of slaves into the Commonwealth for the purpose of selling them.[8] The slave trade was outlawed in 1864. The Cheapside market continued until 1922 when it was declared a public nuisance and banned.

Future President Abraham Lincoln was visiting his wife's family in 1846 when her father, Robert Todd, purchased five slaves at Cheapside. Lincoln may have been present during the auction.[9]

Origin of Name

The earliest reference to the name dates to 1813 in an advertisement for Todd and Smith Wholesale Grocery, owned by Mary Todd Lincoln's father Robert Smith Todd. That building is now occupied by a bourbon bar known as The Bluegrass Tavern.[10] Cheapside is a common English name meaning "marketplace" from Old English ceapan, "to buy." The name frequently occurs in literature.[11]

The Pope Villa

In 1811, the Pope Villa, named after its first inhabitants, began construction.[12] Kentucky Senator John Pope purchased land from John Maxwell for the Pope Villa to be constructed to serve as his residence as a seated governor - however, the deed was not finalized until 1814.[13][12] This home was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who is often considered to be the "father of American architecture".[14] Latrobe had also notably designed the U.S. Capitol Building upon Capitol Hill.[14] The Pope Villa played a prominent role, involved with many affluential figures, in the landscape of American politics and economics - specifically regarding the commodification of human beings.

In 2022, the Bluegrass Trust owns and manages the property - efforts to produce a tour of the historical site are currently underway with the collaboration between the Bluegrass Trust, University of Kentucky History department staff and students, and other departmental researchers.

Notable residents

Below is information on notable residents of the Pope Villa from 1811 to 1856:

John Pope

Original owner and financier of the Pope Villa, Pope served as Kentucky Senator from 1807 to 1813, Kentucky Secretary of State from 1816 to 1819, and as a Lawyer when not an elected official.[15]

James Prentiss

Prentiss Leased the Pope Villa in 1818 from John Pope. Prentiss is responsible for the failure of Kentucky's first bank, Kentucky Insurance Company of Lexington.[16] Prentiss accumulated massive amounts of debt, before fleeing the state in order to avoid paying the said debt.[16]

William T. Barry

Seated U.S. Postmaster General under Andrew Jackson from 1829 to 1835, Barry was the only cabinet member who did not resign following the Petticoat Affair. Barry is responsible for many anti-abolitionist newspaper policies and enforcements, including the banning of the famous newspaper, The Liberator.[17]

Henry Johnson

An attorney who often dealt with the recollection of debts through the sale of collateralized slaves. A deed between Henry Johnson and B.G. Thomas displays his use of the power of attorney to acquire collateralized slaves to meet debts.[18] Johnson took the slave, named Bill, mentioned in the deed, and sold him to J.R. Megowan.[18] J.R. Megowan was a part of a family of slave traders, auctioneers, and bondsmen - his brother, Thomas B. Megowan, was the owner of a "slave jail" in Kentucky.[19][6]

Henry Johnson begins with 48 slaves under his legal ownership in 1830, to 117 slaves in 1840, and to 442 slaves in 1850.[20][21][22] He would eventually sells the Pope Villa in 1856 and moved to Mississippi where he purchases a plantation.

Taking Back Cheapside

In August 2020, Lexington's governing body, the Urban County council, voted to rename this area Henry A. Tandy Centennial Park,[1] after Henry A. Tandy, an entrepreneur, leader, and mason whose construction company laid the brick under the Courthouse's stone façade.[23] The impetus for the reimagining of this area began in 2017 with the Take Back Cheapside community organization.[24][2] The council voted unanimously that year[25] to remove two state-funded statues celebrating confederate soldiers, Gen. John Hunt Morgan and John C. Breckinridge, Confederate Secretary of War. The historical marker on the corner of Short and Upper Streets was commissioned by the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b TV, WKYT (28 August 2020). "Lexington's Cheapside Park renamed, now Henry A. Tandy Centennial Park". Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  2. ^ a b . www.visitlex.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
  3. ^ Wright, John Dean (1982). Lexington: Heart of The Bluegrass. ISBN 0912839066. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  4. ^ Coleman, Winston J. (1940). Slavery Times in Kentucky. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
  5. ^ a b Lucas, Marion B. A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Historical Society, 2003. 86.
  6. ^ a b c d Lucas, Marion B. A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Historical Society, 2003. 89.
  7. ^ Lucas, Marion B. A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Historical Society, 2003. 96.
  8. ^ "Non-Importation Law of Kentucky, 1833". Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  9. ^ Townsend, William H. "Lincoln and The Bluegrass". Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  10. ^ Publishing, Smiley Pete (2 March 2012). "Cheapside: More than a Name". Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  11. ^ "Victorian London - Directories - Dickens's Dictionary of London, by Charles Dickens, Jr., 1879 - "CHA-CHR"". www.victorianlondon.org. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
  12. ^ a b Fazio, W, Michael, Patrick A. Snadon (2006). The domestic architecture of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 392. ISBN 0-8018-8104-8. OCLC 60375333.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Deed, John Maxwell to John Pope, April 10, 1814. 7, 79, Fayette County, Kentucky, Clerk’s Office, Lexington, Kentucky
  14. ^ a b "Benjamin Henry Latrobe's Capitol Contributions | Architect of the Capitol". www.aoc.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  15. ^ E. M. Coulter, John Pope Kentuckian: His Life and Times, 1770–1845: A Saga of Kentucky Politics From 1792 to 1850. By Orval W. Baylor. (Cynthiana, Kentucky: The Hobson Press, 1943. xiii + 479 pp. Bibliography. $3.50.), Journal of American History, Volume 30, Issue 1, June 1943, Page 124, doi:10.1093/jahist/30.1.124-a
  16. ^ a b Royalty, Dale. “JAMES PRENTISS AND THE FAILURE OF THE KENTUCKY INSURANCE COMPANY, 1813-1818.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 73, no. 1 (1975): 1–16. JSTOR 23378385.
  17. ^ "Liberator, The ." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. . Encyclopedia.com. (April 25, 2022). https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/liberator
  18. ^ a b Deed, Henry Johnson to B. G. Thomas, November 22, 1845. 23, 305, Fayette County, Kentucky, Clerk’s Office, Lexington, Kentucky
  19. ^ The Robert Megowan family. Accessed April 25, 2022. http://sites.rootsweb.com/~rbarry4145/megg02.htm.
  20. ^ Ancestry.com. 1830 United States Federal Census. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
  21. ^ Ancestry.com. 1840 United States Federal Census. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
  22. ^ Ancestry.com. 1850 United States Federal Census. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
  23. ^ TV, WKYT. "African Americans in the Bluegrass". Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  24. ^ Musgrave, Beth (August 28, 2020). "It's official. This downtown park is now Henry A. Tandy Centennial Park". The Lexington Herald Leader. Retrieved March 1, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ News, CBS. "Lexington, Ky. approves plan to move Confederate monuments". CBS News. Retrieved 2020-12-02. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  26. ^ Giles, Yvonne (24 July 2020). "Cheapside may be renamed Henry Tandy Centennial Park". Retrieved 2020-12-02.

August 23, 2023
cheapside, park, 047955, 49811, 047955, 49811, horse, jockey, resides, near, historic, site, downtown, lexington, block, downtown, lexington, kentucky, between, upper, street, mill, street, cheapside, originally, public, square, town, main, marketplace, ninete. 38 02 53 N 84 29 53 W 38 047955 N 84 49811 W 38 047955 84 49811 The Horse amp Jockey Pub now resides near the historic site in downtown Lexington KYCheapside Park was a block in downtown Lexington Kentucky between Upper Street and Mill Street Cheapside originally Public Square was the town s main marketplace in the nineteenth century and included a large slave market before the Civil War Cheapside Park played a prominent role in the slave trade many enslaved people sold here were moved to the lower South or forced to work in the local areas The local market served as a conglomerate of local slave traders slaveholders and other related individuals Cheapside Park was renamed Henry A Tandy Centennial Park primarily due to local displeasure with the historical context and connotation of the former name 1 Since renamed for previously enslaved Henry A Tandy it is currently home to the Lexington Farmers Market and popular events like Thursday Night Live Contents 1 History 2 Origin of Name 3 The Pope Villa 3 1 Notable residents 3 1 1 John Pope 3 1 2 James Prentiss 3 1 3 William T Barry 3 1 4 Henry Johnson 4 Taking Back Cheapside 5 ReferencesHistory EditCheapside was a major marketplace and one of the largest markets in the south prior to the American Civil War One of the largest slave markets in the south existed at Cheapside 2 though it was detested by locals 3 Cheapside was also host to the sale of fancy girls young women of mixed race sold as sex slaves 4 Fancy girls were often transported to Kentucky due to its reputation for being the largest supplier of these young enslaved women outside of the New Orleans area 5 However many of these slaves were born and held within Kentucky s very own borders 5 The Cheapside slave market allowed slave traders the opportunity to purchase slaves for a low price which encouraged movement for resale to a more fruitful and profitable market the deep South 6 A pair of slave traders Downing and Hughes noted raising 57 percent capital on their sale of 13 slaves purchasing the 13 individuals for 5 292 50 expending 257 72 during their travels to Natchez Mississippi for resale and receiving 8 695 00 upon final sale 6 The total profit 3 144 78 was encouraging to Downing and Hughes and eventually these large returns on investment would encourage others to participate in the arbitrage of slaves expanding the vastness of the slave trade 6 Louisville Henderson Paducah and Maysville would become a departure point for many slave traders their positioning upon the Ohio River would allow easy travel into the Mississippi River and ultimately the lower South the more profitable slave markets 7 The Kentucky General Assembly attempted to ban or at least cripple the slave trade in 1833 with the Non Importation Act which banned the importation of slaves into the Commonwealth for the purpose of selling them 8 The slave trade was outlawed in 1864 The Cheapside market continued until 1922 when it was declared a public nuisance and banned Future President Abraham Lincoln was visiting his wife s family in 1846 when her father Robert Todd purchased five slaves at Cheapside Lincoln may have been present during the auction 9 Origin of Name EditThe earliest reference to the name dates to 1813 in an advertisement for Todd and Smith Wholesale Grocery owned by Mary Todd Lincoln s father Robert Smith Todd That building is now occupied by a bourbon bar known as The Bluegrass Tavern 10 Cheapside is a common English name meaning marketplace from Old English ceapan to buy The name frequently occurs in literature 11 The Pope Villa EditIn 1811 the Pope Villa named after its first inhabitants began construction 12 Kentucky Senator John Pope purchased land from John Maxwell for the Pope Villa to be constructed to serve as his residence as a seated governor however the deed was not finalized until 1814 13 12 This home was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe who is often considered to be the father of American architecture 14 Latrobe had also notably designed the U S Capitol Building upon Capitol Hill 14 The Pope Villa played a prominent role involved with many affluential figures in the landscape of American politics and economics specifically regarding the commodification of human beings In 2022 the Bluegrass Trust owns and manages the property efforts to produce a tour of the historical site are currently underway with the collaboration between the Bluegrass Trust University of Kentucky History department staff and students and other departmental researchers Notable residents Edit Below is information on notable residents of the Pope Villa from 1811 to 1856 John Pope Edit Original owner and financier of the Pope Villa Pope served as Kentucky Senator from 1807 to 1813 Kentucky Secretary of State from 1816 to 1819 and as a Lawyer when not an elected official 15 James Prentiss Edit Prentiss Leased the Pope Villa in 1818 from John Pope Prentiss is responsible for the failure of Kentucky s first bank Kentucky Insurance Company of Lexington 16 Prentiss accumulated massive amounts of debt before fleeing the state in order to avoid paying the said debt 16 William T Barry Edit Seated U S Postmaster General under Andrew Jackson from 1829 to 1835 Barry was the only cabinet member who did not resign following the Petticoat Affair Barry is responsible for many anti abolitionist newspaper policies and enforcements including the banning of the famous newspaper The Liberator 17 Henry Johnson Edit An attorney who often dealt with the recollection of debts through the sale of collateralized slaves A deed between Henry Johnson and B G Thomas displays his use of the power of attorney to acquire collateralized slaves to meet debts 18 Johnson took the slave named Bill mentioned in the deed and sold him to J R Megowan 18 J R Megowan was a part of a family of slave traders auctioneers and bondsmen his brother Thomas B Megowan was the owner of a slave jail in Kentucky 19 6 Henry Johnson begins with 48 slaves under his legal ownership in 1830 to 117 slaves in 1840 and to 442 slaves in 1850 20 21 22 He would eventually sells the Pope Villa in 1856 and moved to Mississippi where he purchases a plantation Taking Back Cheapside EditIn August 2020 Lexington s governing body the Urban County council voted to rename this area Henry A Tandy Centennial Park 1 after Henry A Tandy an entrepreneur leader and mason whose construction company laid the brick under the Courthouse s stone facade 23 The impetus for the reimagining of this area began in 2017 with the Take Back Cheapside community organization 24 2 The council voted unanimously that year 25 to remove two state funded statues celebrating confederate soldiers Gen John Hunt Morgan and John C Breckinridge Confederate Secretary of War The historical marker on the corner of Short and Upper Streets was commissioned by the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity 26 References Edit a b TV WKYT 28 August 2020 Lexington s Cheapside Park renamed now Henry A Tandy Centennial Park Retrieved 2020 12 02 a b African American Heritage Trail Lexington KY www visitlex com Archived from the original on 2016 03 05 Retrieved 2016 02 29 Wright John Dean 1982 Lexington Heart of The Bluegrass ISBN 0912839066 Retrieved 2017 12 08 Coleman Winston J 1940 Slavery Times in Kentucky Chapel Hill NC University of North Carolina Press a b Lucas Marion B A History of Blacks in Kentucky From Slavery to Segregation 1760 1891 Lexington KY Kentucky Historical Society 2003 86 a b c d Lucas Marion B A History of Blacks in Kentucky From Slavery to Segregation 1760 1891 Lexington KY Kentucky Historical Society 2003 89 Lucas Marion B A History of Blacks in Kentucky From Slavery to Segregation 1760 1891 Lexington KY Kentucky Historical Society 2003 96 Non Importation Law of Kentucky 1833 Retrieved 2017 12 08 Townsend William H Lincoln and The Bluegrass Retrieved 2017 12 08 Publishing Smiley Pete 2 March 2012 Cheapside More than a Name Retrieved 2017 12 08 Victorian London Directories Dickens s Dictionary of London by Charles Dickens Jr 1879 CHA CHR www victorianlondon org Retrieved 2016 02 29 a b Fazio W Michael Patrick A Snadon 2006 The domestic architecture of Benjamin Henry Latrobe Johns Hopkins University Press p 392 ISBN 0 8018 8104 8 OCLC 60375333 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Deed John Maxwell to John Pope April 10 1814 7 79 Fayette County Kentucky Clerk s Office Lexington Kentucky a b Benjamin Henry Latrobe s Capitol Contributions Architect of the Capitol www aoc gov Retrieved 2022 05 04 E M Coulter John Pope Kentuckian His Life and Times 1770 1845 A Saga of Kentucky Politics From 1792 to 1850 By Orval W Baylor Cynthiana Kentucky The Hobson Press 1943 xiii 479 pp Bibliography 3 50 Journal of American History Volume 30 Issue 1 June 1943 Page 124 doi 10 1093 jahist 30 1 124 a a b Royalty Dale JAMES PRENTISS AND THE FAILURE OF THE KENTUCKY INSURANCE COMPANY 1813 1818 The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 73 no 1 1975 1 16 JSTOR 23378385 Liberator The Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History Encyclopedia com April 25 2022 https www encyclopedia com history encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps liberator a b Deed Henry Johnson to B G Thomas November 22 1845 23 305 Fayette County Kentucky Clerk s Office Lexington Kentucky The Robert Megowan family Accessed April 25 2022 http sites rootsweb com rbarry4145 megg02 htm Ancestry com 1830 United States Federal Census Provo UT USA Ancestry com Operations Inc 2010 Ancestry com 1840 United States Federal Census Provo UT USA Ancestry com Operations Inc 2010 Ancestry com 1850 United States Federal Census Provo UT USA Ancestry com Operations Inc 2010 TV WKYT African Americans in the Bluegrass Retrieved 2020 12 02 Musgrave Beth August 28 2020 It s official This downtown park is now Henry A Tandy Centennial Park The Lexington Herald Leader Retrieved March 1 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link News CBS Lexington Ky approves plan to move Confederate monuments CBS News Retrieved 2020 12 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Giles Yvonne 24 July 2020 Cheapside may be renamed Henry Tandy Centennial Park Retrieved 2020 12 02 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cheapside Park amp oldid 1159741784, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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