Thumal the Qahraman (Arabic: ثمل القهرمانة) (died 929) was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓālim (secular administrative) court during the reign of Caliph al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932). She was not a Qadi (a judge adjudicating Islamic law), for she only dealt with secular law. She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court.[1] Her position was an extraordinary unique for her sex. She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir, the mother to caliph Jafar al-Muqtadir-billah (r. 908–923), the eighteenth Abbasid caliph.
When Shaghab secured the succession of her son to the throne, she de facto seized power and appointed a parallel bureaucracy to handle state affairs. Shaghab stated that the affairs of the ummah, especially justice, was better administered with a woman in charge. In 918 she appointed Thumal in charge of mazalim, in effect minister of justice or chief administrator of justice, and supervisor of the qadis. The qadis opposed to be supervised by a woman, but was forced to accept the appointment.[2]
According to the historian Tabari, Thumal carried out her duties well enough to achieve popularity among the public in her office, especially because of the new reforms which lower the cost for a plaintiff to initiate a case. However, her appointment was described in Muslim history, among others by Ibn Hazm, as one example of a series of "scandals whose equal has not been seen to this day".[2]
^See Karen Bauer, 'Debates on Women's Status as Judges and Witnesses in Post-Formative Islamic Law,' Journal of the American Oriental Society, 130.1 (2010), 1-21.
^ abMernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-579868-5.
Fatema Mernissi, Mernissi, Fatima, and Mary Jo. Lakeland. The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1993. 42–43. Print.
thumal, qahraman, arabic, ثمل, القهرمانة, died, muslim, woman, appointed, judge, maẓālim, secular, administrative, court, during, reign, caliph, muqtadir, qadi, judge, adjudicating, islamic, only, dealt, with, secular, charge, rescripting, petitions, which, pe. Thumal the Qahraman Arabic ثمل القهرمانة died 929 was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓalim secular administrative court during the reign of Caliph al Muqtadir r 908 932 She was not a Qadi a judge adjudicating Islamic law for she only dealt with secular law She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court 1 Her position was an extraordinary unique for her sex She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir the mother to caliph Jafar al Muqtadir billah r 908 923 the eighteenth Abbasid caliph Thumal the Qahraman ثمل القهرمانةAbbasid Judge of MazalimIn office 918 928 929Monarchal MuqtadirPersonal detailsBornc 890s or 900s Baghdad Abbasid Caliphate now Iraq Diedc 929Baghdad Abbasid CaliphateCause of deathillness natural ResidenceBaghdadReligionSunni IslamLife EditThumal was originally the qahramana assistant of Shaghab mother of Caliph al Muqtadir When Shaghab secured the succession of her son to the throne she de facto seized power and appointed a parallel bureaucracy to handle state affairs Shaghab stated that the affairs of the ummah especially justice was better administered with a woman in charge In 918 she appointed Thumal in charge of mazalim in effect minister of justice or chief administrator of justice and supervisor of the qadis The qadis opposed to be supervised by a woman but was forced to accept the appointment 2 According to the historian Tabari Thumal carried out her duties well enough to achieve popularity among the public in her office especially because of the new reforms which lower the cost for a plaintiff to initiate a case However her appointment was described in Muslim history among others by Ibn Hazm as one example of a series of scandals whose equal has not been seen to this day 2 See also EditWomen in islam QadiReferences Edit See Karen Bauer Debates on Women s Status as Judges and Witnesses in Post Formative Islamic Law Journal of the American Oriental Society 130 1 2010 1 21 a b Mernissi Fatima Mary Jo Lakeland 2003 The forgotten queens of Islam Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 579868 5 Fatema Mernissi Mernissi Fatima and Mary Jo Lakeland The Forgotten Queens of Islam Minneapolis University of Minnesota 1993 42 43 Print Ibn Kathir Al Bidayah wa al Nihayah This Iraqi law related biographical article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thumal the Qahraman amp oldid 1171407294, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
