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Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior

January 01, 1970

For the temple in Orchha, see Chaturbhuj Temple (Orchha).

Chaturbhuj is a Hindu temple excavated in a rock face in the Gwalior Fort, in c875 AD, by Alla, the son of Vaillabhatta, and the grandson of Nagarabhatta a nagar brahmin in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India.[1][2]

Chaturbhuj temple, Gwalior
Chaturbhuj temple entrance
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DistrictGwalior
DeityVishnu, others
Location
LocationGwalior Fort
StateMadhya Pradesh
CountryIndia
Shown within India
Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)
Geographic coordinates26°13′50.8″N 78°10′12.1″E / 26.230778°N 78.170028°E / 26.230778; 78.170028
Architecture
StyleNagara
Completed9th-century[1]

Temple edit

It is a relative small temple with a square plan of 12 feet (3.7 m) side. The temple has a portico at its entrance supported by four carved pillars. The pillars show reliefs of individuals meditating in yoga asana position, as well as amorous couples. To the right of the portico is covered pillared mandapa, like a choultry. The doorway into the rock is flanked by goddess Ganga and Yamuna. The ceiling of the temple is a low square pyramid, similar to the Dhamnar temple. The tower (Shikhara) of the temple is North Indian Nagara style, that slowly curves with a square plan, all carved out of the monolithic rock. It has an inscription that opens with a praise for Vishnu (Vaishnavism), then Shiva (Shaivism) and nine Durgas (Shaktism), as well states that it was excavated in 876 CE (Samvat 933). Inside there is a wall relief of Varaha (Vishnu's man-boar avatar) and another of four armed Vishnu. It also a carving of goddess Lakshmi with four arms. The name of the temple may be derived from four armed Vishnu and Lakshmi.[1][3]

Further information: Iconoclasm § Iconoclasm in India

The temple is partially damaged, and much of the interior artwork is missing, with all the faces removed.[4] Its tower has been restored, and a locked steel double-folding-expanding scissor-link see-through gate was installed.[4]

Earliest "zero" edit

One of the temples inscriptions contains the earliest known inscription of the circular symbol "O", to represent zero, in India, though the Bakhshali manuscript is regarded as the earliest existent use of zero.[5] The inscription states, among other things, that the community planted a garden of 187 hastas by 270 hastas (1 hasta = 1.5 feet), that the garden yielded 50 garlands for the temple every day. The last digits of 270 and 50 are O-shaped. While Indian and non-Indian texts mention zero much earlier, this temple has the earliest known epigraphical evidence inscribed in stone that already knows and uses the concept of zero.[6][7][8]

Gallery edit

  •  
    The temple, tower has been partially restored.
  •  
    Outer walls of the temple are carved with Hindu deities.
  •  
    Pillar carvings.

Further reading edit

  • Amir Aczel. Finding Zero: A Mathematician’s Odyssey to Uncover the Origins of Numbers Palgrave Macmillan 2015[9]
  • Amir Aczel. Finding Zero from Talks at Google at YouTube 2015

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Sas-bahu Mandir, A Cunningham, pages 355
  2. ^ BURGESS, JAS ED. (1882). EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL.1. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT,CALCUTTA. p. 154.
  3. ^ Kurt Titze; Klaus Bruhn (1998). Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-81-208-1534-6.
  4. ^ a b video tour with source texts from Historica Indica at YouTube
  5. ^ "1,800-year-old black dot in Bakhshali manuscript is first 'zero': Researchers". 16 September 2017.
  6. ^ Syamal K. Sen; Ravi P. Agarwal (2015). Zero: A Landmark Discovery, the Dreadful Void, and the Ultimate Mind. Elsevier Science. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-12-804624-1.
  7. ^ Georges Ifrah (2000). The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. Wiley. pp. 400–402. ISBN 978-0-471-39340-5.
  8. ^ Robert Kaplan (1999). The Nothing that Is: A Natural History of Zero. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–44. ISBN 978-0-19-802945-8.
  9. ^

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior.

January 01, 1970
chaturbhuj, temple, gwalior, temple, orchha, chaturbhuj, temple, orchha, chaturbhuj, hindu, temple, excavated, rock, face, gwalior, fort, c875, alla, vaillabhatta, grandson, nagarabhatta, nagar, brahmin, present, madhya, pradesh, india, chaturbhuj, temple, gwa. For the temple in Orchha see Chaturbhuj Temple Orchha Chaturbhuj is a Hindu temple excavated in a rock face in the Gwalior Fort in c875 AD by Alla the son of Vaillabhatta and the grandson of Nagarabhatta a nagar brahmin in present day Madhya Pradesh India 1 2 Chaturbhuj temple GwaliorChaturbhuj temple entranceReligionAffiliationHinduismDistrictGwaliorDeityVishnu othersLocationLocationGwalior FortStateMadhya PradeshCountryIndiaShown within IndiaShow map of IndiaChaturbhuj Temple Gwalior Madhya Pradesh Show map of Madhya PradeshGeographic coordinates26 13 50 8 N 78 10 12 1 E 26 230778 N 78 170028 E 26 230778 78 170028ArchitectureStyleNagaraCompleted9th century 1 Temple editIt is a relative small temple with a square plan of 12 feet 3 7 m side The temple has a portico at its entrance supported by four carved pillars The pillars show reliefs of individuals meditating in yoga asana position as well as amorous couples To the right of the portico is covered pillared mandapa like a choultry The doorway into the rock is flanked by goddess Ganga and Yamuna The ceiling of the temple is a low square pyramid similar to the Dhamnar temple The tower Shikhara of the temple is North Indian Nagara style that slowly curves with a square plan all carved out of the monolithic rock It has an inscription that opens with a praise for Vishnu Vaishnavism then Shiva Shaivism and nine Durgas Shaktism as well states that it was excavated in 876 CE Samvat 933 Inside there is a wall relief of Varaha Vishnu s man boar avatar and another of four armed Vishnu It also a carving of goddess Lakshmi with four arms The name of the temple may be derived from four armed Vishnu and Lakshmi 1 3 Further information Iconoclasm Iconoclasm in India The temple is partially damaged and much of the interior artwork is missing with all the faces removed 4 Its tower has been restored and a locked steel double folding expanding scissor link see through gate was installed 4 Earliest zero editOne of the temples inscriptions contains the earliest known inscription of the circular symbol O to represent zero in India though the Bakhshali manuscript is regarded as the earliest existent use of zero 5 The inscription states among other things that the community planted a garden of 187 hastas by 270 hastas 1 hasta 1 5 feet that the garden yielded 50 garlands for the temple every day The last digits of 270 and 50 are O shaped While Indian and non Indian texts mention zero much earlier this temple has the earliest known epigraphical evidence inscribed in stone that already knows and uses the concept of zero 6 7 8 Gallery edit nbsp The temple tower has been partially restored nbsp Outer walls of the temple are carved with Hindu deities nbsp Pillar carvings Further reading editAmir Aczel Finding Zero A Mathematician s Odyssey to Uncover the Origins of Numbers Palgrave Macmillan 2015 9 Amir Aczel Finding Zero from Talks at Google at YouTube 2015See also editBakhshali manuscript contains dot the earliest known Indian use of a zero symbol Siddhachal Caves Telika MandirReferences edit a b c Sas bahu Mandir A Cunningham pages 355 BURGESS JAS ED 1882 EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL 1 THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT CALCUTTA p 154 Kurt Titze Klaus Bruhn 1998 Jainism A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non violence Motilal Banarsidass pp 101 102 ISBN 978 81 208 1534 6 a b video tour with source texts from Historica Indica at YouTube 1 800 year old black dot in Bakhshali manuscript is first zero Researchers 16 September 2017 Syamal K Sen Ravi P Agarwal 2015 Zero A Landmark Discovery the Dreadful Void and the Ultimate Mind Elsevier Science p 43 ISBN 978 0 12 804624 1 Georges Ifrah 2000 The Universal History of Numbers From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer Wiley pp 400 402 ISBN 978 0 471 39340 5 Robert Kaplan 1999 The Nothing that Is A Natural History of Zero Oxford University Press pp 41 44 ISBN 978 0 19 802945 8 https web archive org web 20150421230657 https www nytimes com 2015 04 21 science finding zero a long journey for naught htmlExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chaturbhuj Temple Gwalior You Can Visit the World s Oldest Zero at a Temple in India Smithsonian magazine Smithsonian s zero inscription source image at flickr video tour with source texts from Historica Indica at YouTube Indian Zeros via Mathematical Association of America All for Nought Indian Zero via American Mathematical Society Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chaturbhuj Temple Gwalior amp oldid 1222983805, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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