Charles Geschke
Charles Matthew "Chuck" Geschke (September 11, 1939 – April 16, 2021) was an American businessman and computer scientist best known for founding the graphics and publishing software company Adobe Inc. with John Warnock in 1982, with whom he also co-created the PDF document format.[2][3]
Charles Geschke | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 11, 1939 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | April 16, 2021 (aged 81) Los Altos, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Xavier University (AB, MS) Carnegie Mellon University (PhD) |
| Known for | Adobe Inc. PostScript |
| Awards | AeA Medal of Achievement (2006)[1] National Medal of Technology and Innovation (2008) Marconi Prize (2010) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Computer science |
| Thesis | Global Program Optimizations (1972) |
| Doctoral advisor | William Wulf |
Early life and education edit
Charles Matthew Geschke[4] was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 11, 1939.[5] He attended Saint Ignatius High School.[6]
Geschke earned an AB in classics in 1962 and an MS in mathematics in 1963, both from Xavier University.[5] He taught mathematics at John Carroll University from 1963 to 1968.[7] In 1972, he completed his PhD studies in computer science at Carnegie Mellon University under the advice of William Wulf.[4] He was a co-author of Wulf's 1975 book The Design of an Optimizing Compiler.[8]
Career edit
Geschke started working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in October 1972. His first project was to build a mainframe computer. Afterward, he worked on programming languages and developed tools that were used to build the Xerox Star workstation.[9]
In 1978, Geschke started the Imaging Sciences Laboratory at PARC, and conducted research in the areas of graphics, optics, and image processing.[10] He hired John Warnock, and together they developed Interpress, a page description language (PDL) that could describe forms as complex as typefaces.[10] Unable to convince Xerox management of the commercial value of Interpress, the two left Xerox to start their own company.[10]
Geschke’s interviews are often featured in documentary films produced by the Silicon Valley Historical Association, including the PBS Silicon Valley, a One Hundred Year Renaissance, narrated by Walter Cronkite (1998)[11]
Adobe edit
Geschke and Warnock founded Adobe in Warnock's garage in 1982, naming the company after the Adobe Creek that ran behind Warnock's home.[12] Interpress eventually evolved into PostScript.[13] Its use on Apple computers resulted in one of the first desktop publishing (DTP) systems which allowed users to compose documents on a personal computer and see them on screen exactly as they would appear in print, a process known as WYSIWYG, an acronym for What You See Is What You Get. Previously, graphic designers had been forced to view their work in text-only format while they worked, until they printed, or hit "print preview". [10] Because of the high quality and speed at which printing and composing could be done in WYSIWYG, the innovation "spawned an entire industry" in modern printing and publishing.[10]
From December 1986 until July 1994, Geschke was Adobe's Chief Operating Officer, and from April 1989 until April 2000 he was the company's president. Geschke retired as president of Adobe in 2000, shortly before his partner Warnock left as CEO. Geschke had also served as Co-Chairman of the Board of Adobe from September 1997 to 2017.[14][7][15][16]
Adobe was mentioned in Forbes 400 Best Big Companies in 2009, and was ranked 1,069th on the Forbes Global 2000 list in 2010.[14]
1992 kidnapping edit
On the morning of May 26, 1992, as Geschke was arriving for work in Mountain View, California, he was kidnapped at gunpoint from the Adobe parking lot by two men, Mouhannad Albukhari, 26, of San Jose, and Jack Sayeh, 25, of Campbell.[17] A spokesperson for the FBI reported that the agency had monitored phone calls that the kidnappers had made to Geschke's wife, demanding a ransom.[17] The spokesperson added that Albukhari had been arrested after he had picked up the $650,000 ransom that Geschke's daughter had left at a drop-off point.[17] An FBI agent explained that, "[a]fter a gentlemanly discussion", Albukhari had brought them to a bungalow in Hollister, where Sayeh had been holding Geschke hostage.[17] Geschke was released unhurt after being held for four days, although he stated that he had been chained.[17][18] The two kidnappers were eventually sentenced to life terms in state prison.[12]
Awards edit
In 1999, Geschke was inducted as a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).[19]
In 2002, he was made a fellow of the Computer History Museum for "his accomplishments in the commercialization of desktop publishing with John Warnock and for innovations in scalable type, computer graphics and printing."[10]
In October 2006, Geschke, along with co-founder John Warnock received the annual AeA Medal of Achievement, making them the first software executives to receive this award. In 2008 he received the Computer Entrepreneur Award from the IEEE Computer Society. He also won the 2008 National Medal of Technology and Innovation, awarded by President Barack Obama.[15][20] On October 15, 2010, the Marconi Society co-awarded Geschke and Warnock the Marconi Prize.[21]
On Sunday, May 20, 2012, Geschke delivered the commencement speech at John Carroll University in University Heights, Ohio, where he had been a mathematics professor early in his career and was awarded an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters.[22]
Affiliations edit
Geschke served on the boards of the San Francisco Symphony,[23] the National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management,[24] the Commonwealth Club of California,[25] Tableau Software,[26] the Egan Maritime Foundation,[15] and the Nantucket Boys and Girls Club.[15] He was also a member of the computer science advisory board at Carnegie Mellon University.[10][15]
In 1995, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. In 2008, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2010, he completed his term as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the University of San Francisco.[15] In 2012, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[27]
Personal life edit
Geschke was a Catholic[28] and met his wife Nancy "Nan" McDonough at a religious conference on social action in the spring of 1961.[29] They married in 1964.[30] Both were graduates of Catholic institutions. In 2012 they received the St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Award from the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA) for their contributions to Catholic education.[31][29]
Geschke's mother was a bankruptcy court paralegal. Both Geschke's father and paternal grandfather worked as letterpress photo engravers.[32] Geschke's father helped during the early days of Adobe by checking color separation work with his engraver's loupe. Geschke described his father's acknowledgment of the high quality of the halftone patterns as "a wonderful moment".[9]
Death edit
Geschke, a longtime resident of Los Altos,[33] died on April 16, 2021, at the age of 81.[33] The cause of death was cancer.[34]
He is survived by his wife, three children[16] and seven grandchildren.[33]
References edit
- ^ Download images | Adobe leaders October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Adobe.com (April 17, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Charles Geschke, Co-Creator of PDF and Photoshop, Dies At 81". interestingengineering.com. April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ "Co-founder of Adobe, who helped develop PDF technology, dies aged 81". www.abc.net.au. April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ a b Geschke, Charles Matthew (1972). Global program optimizations (Ph.D. Thesis). Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University. OCLC 17571112.
- ^ a b "Classics: Charles "Chuck" Geschke". willamette.edu. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ^ Botos, Sue (August 21, 2012). "Former Westshore couple to receive Catholic education award". West Life News. Cleveland, Ohio. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Classical Studies Dr. Charles M. "Chuck" Geschke July 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Willamette University. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ Wulf, William Allan (1975). The design of an optimizing compiler. Richard K. Johnsson, Charles B. Weinstock, Steven O. Hobbs, Charles M. Geschke. New York. ISBN 0-444-00164-6. OCLC 1175890.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Livingston, Jessica (2007). Founders at work : stories of startups' early days. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-0327-8. OCLC 191452063.
- ^ a b c d e f g Charles Geschke 2002 Fellow Awards Recipient July 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Computer History Museum. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ "Silicon Valley Historical Association". Silicon Valley Historical Association. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
- ^ a b Gray, Jeremy (October 12, 2020). "Video: From its origins to a harrowing kidnapping, the story of Adobe". DPReview. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "Charles Geschke". National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ a b Charles M. Geschke Co-Chairman of the Board Adobe Systems Inc May 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Forbes. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f Charles Geschke Bio. Santa Clara University. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ a b "Adobe Co-Founder Dr. Geschke Passes at 81" (Press release). Adobe. April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021 – via Business Wire.
- ^ a b c d e "FBI rescues a kidnapped businessman". The New York Times. p. B7. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ "Man Charged In Silicon Valley Kidnapping Pleads Guilty". AP NEWS. June 18, 1992. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "Dr. Charles M Geschke". awards.acm.org. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ^ Past Recipients for the Computer Entrepreneur Award December 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. IEEE Computer Society. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ "Charles Geschke – Marconi Society". marconisociety.org. October 26, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ Wittenberg, Ed. "John Carroll University commencement among events this weekend in University Heights". The Plain Dealer. Sun News. Accessed May 20, 2012.
- ^ About May 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. San Francisco Symphony. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ About the National Leadership Roundtable Board of Directors March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ . Commonwealth Club of California. Accessed December 2, 2015.
- ^ Board of Directors Dr. Charles Geschke. Tableau Software. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ^ . Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ^ a b Rholetter, Whylene (2013). "Charles Geschke: Cofounder and cochairman of Adobe". Computer technology innovators. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Salem Press. pp. 105–[108]. ISBN 978-1-4298-3805-4.
- ^ "Charles M. Geschke On Power Ambition Glory". Forbes. Accessed December 31, 2010.
- ^ Randy Souther (August 3, 2012). "Geschkes Recognized for Philanthropy, Leadership and Service". Gleeson Gleanings. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ Rholetter, Wylene (2013). "Charles Geschke: Cofounder and cochairman of Adobe". Computer Technology Innovators. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Salem Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4298-3805-4.
- ^ a b c Kelliher, Fiona (April 17, 2021). "Adobe co-founder Charles Geschke dies at 81". The Mercury News. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ Hagerty, James R. (April 18, 2021). "Adobe Co-Founder Charles Geschke, Pioneer of Desktop Publishing and PDFs, Dies at Age 81". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
External links edit
- Los Altos Town Crier: A dramatic kidnapping revisited (part 1/4) November 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Los Altos Town Crier: Two days of terror, uncertainty (part 2/4) January 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- Los Altos Town Crier: Chuck's dramatic rescue (part 3/4) January 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- Los Altos Town Crier: Aftermath of a kidnapping (part 4/4) January 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- Driving Adobe: Co-founder Charles Geschke on Challenges, Change and Values interview of Charles Geschke's roles in Adobe
- Image of Charles Geschke
- Online Copy of Geschke's PhD Thesis
- Publications on DBLP
- Profile at the ACM Digital Library
- The Legacy Of Chuck Geschke, Co-Founder Of Adobe April 26, 2021 Obituary on All Things Considered