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Chaos Communication Congress

The Chaos Communication Congress is an annual conference organized by the Chaos Computer Club. The congress features a variety of lectures and workshops on technical and political issues related to security, cryptography, privacy and online freedom of speech. It has taken place regularly at the end of the year since 1984,[1] with the current date and duration (27–30 December) established in 2005. It is considered one of the largest events of its kind, alongside DEF CON in Las Vegas.

Chaos Communication Congress
GenreHacker con
FrequencyAnnually, 27–30 December
VenueLeipziger Messe
Location(s)Leipzig
CountryGermany
Inaugurated1984 (1984)
Most recent2019
Next event≥ 2023 (tbd)
Websiteevents.ccc.de
31C3 in Hamburg
Audience at the keynote of Glenn Greenwald at 30C3
The 22C3 in December 2005

History

The congress is held in Germany. It started in 1984 in Hamburg, moved to Berlin in 1998, and back to Hamburg in 2012,[2] having exceeded the capacity of the Berlin venue with more than 4500 attendees. Since then, it attracts an increasing number of people: around 6600 attendees in 2012, over 13000 in 2015,[3] and more than 15000 in 2017.[4][5] Since 2017 it has taken place at the Trade Fair Grounds in Leipzig, since the Hamburg venue was closed for renovation in 2017[6] and the existing space was not enough for the growing congress.

A large range of speakers are featured. The event is organized by volunteers called Chaos Angels.[7] The non-members entry fee for four days was 100 in 2016, and was raised to €120 in 2018 to include a public transport ticket for the Leipzig area.[8]

An important part of the congress are the assemblies, semi-open spaces with clusters of tables and internet connections for groups and individuals to collaborate and socialize in projects, workshops and hands-on talks. These assembly spaces, introduced at the 2012 meeting, combine the hack center project space and distributed group spaces of former years.[9]

From 1997 to 2004 the congress also hosted the annual German Lockpicking Championships. 2005 was the first year the Congress lasted four days instead of three and lacked the German Lockpicking Championships.

2020 was the first year where the Congress did not take place at a physical location due to the COVID-19 pandemic, giving way to the first Remote Chaos Experience (rC3).[10][11]

The Chaos Computer Club announced to return to the now newly renovated Congress Center Hamburg for the 37th edition of the Chaos Communication Congress. The announcement confirms the usual date of 27-30 December, notably omitting the year it will be held.[12] On 18 October 2022, they confirmed that the congress will indeed not be held in 2022.[13]

Congresses from 1984 to today

No. Year Motto short visitors venue place
1 1984 CCC'84 nach Orion'64 Eidelstedter Bürgerhaus in Hamburg, Germany
2 1985 Du Darfst
3 1986 Damit Sie auch morgen noch kraftvoll zubyten können
4 1987 Offene Netze – Jetzt!
5 1988 ich glaub' es hackt
6 1989 Offene Grenzen: Cocomed zuhauf
7 1990 (no motto)
8 1991 Per Anhalter durch die Netze
9 1992 Es liegt was in der Luft
10 1993 Ten years after Orwell
11 1994 Internet im Kinderzimmer – Big business is watching you?! Bikini-Haus in Berlin, Germany
12 1995 Pretty Good Piracy – verdaten und verkauft Eidelstedter Bürgerhaus in Hamburg, Germany
13 1996 Der futurologische Congress – Leben nach der Internetdepression
14 1997 Nichts ist wahr. Alles ist erlaubt.
15 1998 All Rights Reversed 2300[14] Haus am Köllnischen Park in Berlin, Germany
16 1999 16C3[15] 16C3
17 2000 Explicit Lyrics 17C3
18 2001 Hacking Is Not A Crime 18C3
19 2002 Out Of Order 19C3 3000[16]
20 2003 Not A Number 20C3
NaN
2500[17] Berliner Congress Center in Berlin, Germany[18]
21 2004 The Usual Suspects 21C3 3500[19]
22 2005 Private Investigations[20] 22C3 3000[21]
23 2006 Who can you trust? 23C3 4200[22]
24 2007 Volldampf voraus! 24C3 4013[23]
25 2008 Nothing To Hide! 25C3 4200[24]
26 2009 Here Be Dragons 26C3 9000[24]
27 2010 We come in peace 27C3 4000[25]
28 2011 Behind enemy lines 28C3 3000[26]
29 2012 Not my department 29C3 6500[27] Congress Center Hamburg in Hamburg, Germany
30 2013 (no motto) [nb 1] 30C3 9000[28]
31 2014 A New Dawn 31C3 12000[29]
32 2015 Gated Communities 32C3 13000[30]
33 2016 Works for me 33C3 12000[31]
34 2017 tuwat 34C3 15000[32] Leipziger Messe in Leipzig, Germany[6][33]
35 2018 Refreshing memories[34][35][36] 35C3 16000[37]
36 2019 Resource Exhaustion[38] 36C3 17 000
2020 remote Chaos Experience[39] rC3 Online
2021 NOWHERE[40] rC3 2021 Online
37 (TBD) (TBD) 37C3 Congress Center Hamburg in Hamburg, Germany

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In the opening talk of the 30C3 (2013), Tim Pritlove stated that there was no motto because everyone was speechless after what happened that year: the Snowden revelations.

References

  1. ^ "CCC". Chaos Computer Club e.V. from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  2. ^ "Why did you move the CCCongress to Hamburg (of all places)? – CCC Event Blog". events.ccc.de. from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  3. ^ online, heise. "32C3: Hackertreffen mit 13.000 Teilnehmern von DDoS-Angriffen geplagt". heise online (in German). from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  4. ^ . LVZ - Leipziger Volkszeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  5. ^ "Chaos Computer Club trifft sich in Leipzig - Hackerkongress will nach vorne schauen". LVZ - Leipziger Volkszeitung (in German). from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  6. ^ a b "CCC | Chaos Communication Congress is moving to Leipzig". ccc.de. from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2017-05-13.
  7. ^ . engelsystem.de. Archived from the original on 2018-08-27. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  8. ^ "35C3: Tickets & Presale". events.ccc.de. CCC. from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
  9. ^ "Assemblies - 29C3 Public Wiki". events.ccc.de. from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  10. ^ "rC3 – remote Chaos Experience – CCC Event Blog". events.ccc.de. from the original on 2020-09-07. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  11. ^ "rC3 - Loading Remote Chaos Experience". links.rc3.world. from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  12. ^ "37. Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg". www.ccc.de. from the original on 2022-06-14. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  13. ^ "No Congress 2022: Looking forward to decentralized alternatives and Camp 2023". www.ccc.de. from the original on 2023-08-17. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  14. ^ Mirco Blitz. "C3-HdK: Historie Teil 1" (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  15. ^ "16. Chaos Communication Congress 1999: FAQ (en)". events.ccc.de. from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  16. ^ Stefan Krempl (2002-12-31). "19C3: Funkstille am "Abuse"-Telefon". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  17. ^ Till Meyer (2003-12-30). "Datenmißbrauch verhindern". Junge Welt (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  18. ^ (in German). Events.ccc.de. 2010-12-21. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
  19. ^ Stefan Krempl (2004-12-31). "21C3: Hackertreffen endet mit Besucherrekord". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  20. ^ "22C3: Home Page". events.ccc.de (in German). from the original on 2018-11-26. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  21. ^ Stefan Krempl (2005-12-31). "22C3: Abschied der Hacker vom Robin-Hood-Heroismus". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  22. ^ Stefan Krempl (2006-12-31). "23C3: Hackertreffen schließt mit neuem Besucherrekord". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  23. ^ Stefan Krempl (2007-12-31). "24C3: Mehr Aktivismus 2008". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  24. ^ a b "26C3: Besucher- und Bandbreiten-Rekord 2009". WinFuture.de (in German). 2010-01-02. from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  25. ^ Falk Hedemann (2010-12-28). . t3n (in German). Archived from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  26. ^ Jakob Steinschaden (2011-12-30). "Unter Hackern: Es brodelt im Untergrund". futurezone (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  27. ^ Stefan Krempl (2012-12-31). "29C3: CCC sieht Umzug ins Hamburger Kongresszentrum als vollen Erfolg". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  28. ^ Stefan Krempl (2013-12-31). "30C3: Snowden-Effekt beschert Hackertreffen Besucherrekord". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2023-08-17. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  29. ^ Ute Welty (2014-12-30). "Hacker-Kongress 31C3: Mit Sachverstand gegen Überwachung" (in German). Deutschlandfunk Kultur. from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  30. ^ Stefan Krempl (2015-12-31). "32C3: Hackertreffen mit 13.000 Teilnehmern von DDoS-Angriffen geplagt". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  31. ^ Torsten Kleinz (2016-12-27). "33C3: CCC-Kongress beginnt in Hamburg". Heise online (in German). from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  32. ^ Nico Jurran (2017-12-30). "Hackerkongress endet: Breiteres Programm, mehr Besucher" (in German). from the original on 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  33. ^ "CCC | Chaos Communication Congress again in Leipzig". twitter.com. from the original on 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
  34. ^ "35C3 Wiki". events.ccc.de. from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  35. ^ "35C3 Refreshing Memories". from the original on 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  36. ^ "CCC | Refreshing Memories: Die Vorfreude auf den 35C3 kann beginnen". www.ccc.de (in German). from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  37. ^ online, heise (2018-12-31). "35C3: Trotz Hackeransturm – Harmonie wie nie, von Chaos kaum eine Spur". heise online (in German). from the original on 2019-01-01. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  38. ^ "36th Chaos Communication Congress to take place in Leipzig". ccc.de. from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
  39. ^ "rC3 – remote Chaos Experience". events.ccc.de. CCC Event Blog. from the original on 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  40. ^ "rC3 2021 NOWHERE". events.ccc.de. CCC Event Blog. from the original on 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2021-12-19.

External links

  • Overview of Chaos Communication Congresses
  • Blog for the Chaos Communication Congress (and other events)

chaos, communication, congress, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, german, december, 2018, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, german, article, machine, translat. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German December 2018 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 048 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Chaos Communication Congress see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Chaos Communication Congress to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Chaos Communication Congress is an annual conference organized by the Chaos Computer Club The congress features a variety of lectures and workshops on technical and political issues related to security cryptography privacy and online freedom of speech It has taken place regularly at the end of the year since 1984 1 with the current date and duration 27 30 December established in 2005 It is considered one of the largest events of its kind alongside DEF CON in Las Vegas Chaos Communication CongressGenreHacker conFrequencyAnnually 27 30 DecemberVenueLeipziger MesseLocation s LeipzigCountryGermanyInaugurated1984 1984 Most recent2019Next event 2023 tbd Websiteevents wbr ccc wbr de31C3 in HamburgAudience at the keynote of Glenn Greenwald at 30C3The 22C3 in December 2005 Contents 1 History 2 Congresses from 1984 to today 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThe congress is held in Germany It started in 1984 in Hamburg moved to Berlin in 1998 and back to Hamburg in 2012 2 having exceeded the capacity of the Berlin venue with more than 4500 attendees Since then it attracts an increasing number of people around 6600 attendees in 2012 over 13000 in 2015 3 and more than 15000 in 2017 4 5 Since 2017 it has taken place at the Trade Fair Grounds in Leipzig since the Hamburg venue was closed for renovation in 2017 6 and the existing space was not enough for the growing congress A large range of speakers are featured The event is organized by volunteers called Chaos Angels 7 The non members entry fee for four days was 100 in 2016 and was raised to 120 in 2018 to include a public transport ticket for the Leipzig area 8 An important part of the congress are the assemblies semi open spaces with clusters of tables and internet connections for groups and individuals to collaborate and socialize in projects workshops and hands on talks These assembly spaces introduced at the 2012 meeting combine the hack center project space and distributed group spaces of former years 9 From 1997 to 2004 the congress also hosted the annual German Lockpicking Championships 2005 was the first year the Congress lasted four days instead of three and lacked the German Lockpicking Championships 2020 was the first year where the Congress did not take place at a physical location due to the COVID 19 pandemic giving way to the first Remote Chaos Experience rC3 10 11 The Chaos Computer Club announced to return to the now newly renovated Congress Center Hamburg for the 37th edition of the Chaos Communication Congress The announcement confirms the usual date of 27 30 December notably omitting the year it will be held 12 On 18 October 2022 they confirmed that the congress will indeed not be held in 2022 13 Congresses from 1984 to today EditNo Year Motto short visitors venue place1 1984 CCC 84 nach Orion 64 Eidelstedter Burgerhaus in Hamburg Germany2 1985 Du Darfst3 1986 Damit Sie auch morgen noch kraftvoll zubyten konnen4 1987 Offene Netze Jetzt 5 1988 ich glaub es hackt6 1989 Offene Grenzen Cocomed zuhauf7 1990 no motto 8 1991 Per Anhalter durch die Netze9 1992 Es liegt was in der Luft10 1993 Ten years after Orwell11 1994 Internet im Kinderzimmer Big business is watching you Bikini Haus in Berlin Germany12 1995 Pretty Good Piracy verdaten und verkauft Eidelstedter Burgerhaus in Hamburg Germany13 1996 Der futurologische Congress Leben nach der Internetdepression14 1997 Nichts ist wahr Alles ist erlaubt 15 1998 All Rights Reversed 2300 14 Haus am Kollnischen Park in Berlin Germany16 1999 16C3 15 16C317 2000 Explicit Lyrics 17C318 2001 Hacking Is Not A Crime 18C319 2002 Out Of Order 19C3 3000 16 20 2003 Not A Number 20C3NaN 2500 17 Berliner Congress Center in Berlin Germany 18 21 2004 The Usual Suspects 21C3 3500 19 22 2005 Private Investigations 20 22C3 3000 21 23 2006 Who can you trust 23C3 4200 22 24 2007 Volldampf voraus 24C3 4013 23 25 2008 Nothing To Hide 25C3 4200 24 26 2009 Here Be Dragons 26C3 9000 24 27 2010 We come in peace 27C3 4000 25 28 2011 Behind enemy lines 28C3 3000 26 29 2012 Not my department 29C3 6500 27 Congress Center Hamburg in Hamburg Germany30 2013 no motto nb 1 30C3 9000 28 31 2014 A New Dawn 31C3 12000 29 32 2015 Gated Communities 32C3 13000 30 33 2016 Works for me 33C3 12000 31 34 2017 tuwat 34C3 15000 32 Leipziger Messe in Leipzig Germany 6 33 35 2018 Refreshing memories 34 35 36 35C3 16000 37 36 2019 Resource Exhaustion 38 36C3 17 000 2020 remote Chaos Experience 39 rC3 Online 2021 NOWHERE 40 rC3 2021 Online37 TBD TBD 37C3 Congress Center Hamburg in Hamburg GermanyGallery Edit Glenn Greenwald gives his Keynote at 30C3 Seidenstrasse Silk Road a Pneumatic tube system introduced at 30C3 Assemblies and the Pneumatic tube system at 30C3 Sarah Harrison appears with Julian Assange for an appeal at 30C3 Main hall of the Leipzig Trade Fair during 34C3 The Leipzig Trade Fair seen from the west during the 35C3See also EditChaos Communication Camp SIGINT DEF CONNotes Edit In the opening talk of the 30C3 2013 Tim Pritlove stated that there was no motto because everyone was speechless after what happened that year the Snowden revelations References Edit CCC Chaos Computer Club e V Archived from the original on 2021 04 10 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Why did you move the CCCongress to Hamburg of all places CCC Event Blog events ccc de Archived from the original on 2019 06 23 Retrieved 2018 12 21 online heise 32C3 Hackertreffen mit 13 000 Teilnehmern von DDoS Angriffen geplagt heise online in German Archived from the original on 2020 09 17 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Hackerkongress in Leipzig endet mit Besucherrekord LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung in German Archived from the original on 2020 09 17 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Chaos Computer Club trifft sich in Leipzig Hackerkongress will nach vorne schauen LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung in German Archived from the original on 2020 10 25 Retrieved 2018 12 21 a b CCC Chaos Communication Congress is moving to Leipzig ccc de Archived from the original on 2020 11 12 Retrieved 2017 05 13 ENGELSYSTEM online tool for coordinating helpers and work shifts on large events engelsystem de Archived from the original on 2018 08 27 Retrieved 2018 12 21 35C3 Tickets amp Presale events ccc de CCC Archived from the original on 2020 11 09 Retrieved 2018 12 16 Assemblies 29C3 Public Wiki events ccc de Archived from the original on 2019 06 23 Retrieved 2013 01 01 rC3 remote Chaos Experience CCC Event Blog events ccc de Archived from the original on 2020 09 07 Retrieved 2020 09 03 rC3 Loading Remote Chaos Experience links rc3 world Archived from the original on 2021 03 01 Retrieved 2021 03 08 37 Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg www ccc de Archived from the original on 2022 06 14 Retrieved 2022 06 18 No Congress 2022 Looking forward to decentralized alternatives and Camp 2023 www ccc de Archived from the original on 2023 08 17 Retrieved 2022 10 18 Mirco Blitz C3 HdK Historie Teil 1 in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 16 Chaos Communication Congress 1999 FAQ en events ccc de Archived from the original on 2018 12 21 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2002 12 31 19C3 Funkstille am Abuse Telefon Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Till Meyer 2003 12 30 Datenmissbrauch verhindern Junge Welt in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Welcome 27C3 public wiki in German Events ccc de 2010 12 21 Archived from the original on 2012 07 17 Retrieved 2012 07 11 Stefan Krempl 2004 12 31 21C3 Hackertreffen endet mit Besucherrekord Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2015 12 22 Retrieved 2018 12 21 22C3 Home Page events ccc de in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 26 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2005 12 31 22C3 Abschied der Hacker vom Robin Hood Heroismus Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2006 12 31 23C3 Hackertreffen schliesst mit neuem Besucherrekord Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2007 12 31 24C3 Mehr Aktivismus 2008 Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 a b 26C3 Besucher und Bandbreiten Rekord 2009 WinFuture de in German 2010 01 02 Archived from the original on 2018 10 14 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Falk Hedemann 2010 12 28 27C3 Hacker kritisieren Angriffe auf Paypal Mastercard amp Co t3n in German Archived from the original on 2019 06 23 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Jakob Steinschaden 2011 12 30 Unter Hackern Es brodelt im Untergrund futurezone in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2012 12 31 29C3 CCC sieht Umzug ins Hamburger Kongresszentrum als vollen Erfolg Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2013 12 31 30C3 Snowden Effekt beschert Hackertreffen Besucherrekord Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2023 08 17 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Ute Welty 2014 12 30 Hacker Kongress 31C3 Mit Sachverstand gegen Uberwachung in German Deutschlandfunk Kultur Archived from the original on 2018 11 12 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Stefan Krempl 2015 12 31 32C3 Hackertreffen mit 13 000 Teilnehmern von DDoS Angriffen geplagt Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2020 09 17 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Torsten Kleinz 2016 12 27 33C3 CCC Kongress beginnt in Hamburg Heise online in German Archived from the original on 2018 12 21 Retrieved 2018 12 21 Nico Jurran 2017 12 30 Hackerkongress endet Breiteres Programm mehr Besucher in German Archived from the original on 2018 12 22 Retrieved 2018 12 21 CCC Chaos Communication Congress again in Leipzig twitter com Archived from the original on 2018 09 05 Retrieved 2018 09 03 35C3 Wiki events ccc de Archived from the original on 2018 12 21 Retrieved 2018 12 21 35C3 Refreshing Memories Archived from the original on 2018 11 24 Retrieved 2018 12 21 CCC Refreshing Memories Die Vorfreude auf den 35C3 kann beginnen www ccc de in German Archived from the original on 2018 12 21 Retrieved 2018 12 21 online heise 2018 12 31 35C3 Trotz Hackeransturm Harmonie wie nie von Chaos kaum eine Spur heise online in German Archived from the original on 2019 01 01 Retrieved 2019 01 01 36th Chaos Communication Congress to take place in Leipzig ccc de Archived from the original on 2019 10 12 Retrieved 2019 10 12 rC3 remote Chaos Experience events ccc de CCC Event Blog Archived from the original on 2020 11 19 Retrieved 2020 11 24 rC3 2021 NOWHERE events ccc de CCC Event Blog Archived from the original on 2021 12 18 Retrieved 2021 12 19 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chaos Communication Congress Overview of Chaos Communication Congresses Blog for the Chaos Communication Congress and other events Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chaos Communication Congress amp oldid 1171493008, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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