Chahar Province is named after the Chahar, a tribal group of the Mongols who live in that area. The area was controlled (in part or fully) by various empires that ruled over China's north including the Han, Tang, Liao, and Jin dynasties. After the unification of the Mongol tribes under Genghis Khan, the area came under Yuan rule. After the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the area was a battleground between the Ming dynasty and Northern Yuan. Then the Chahar tribe became the personal appanage of the monarchs of the Northern Yuan dynasty since the reign of Batumongke Dayan Khan (r. 1479–1517). By the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Chahar was a "Zhangyuan Special Region" (張垣特區), although Yao Xiguang (姚錫光) proposed making Chahar a province as early as 1908.[1][2]
In 1928, it became a province. The last five counties on the above list (starting from Xinghe) were partitioned to Suiyuan province. And ten counties were included from Xuanhua Subprefecture (宣化府), Koubei Circuit (口北道), Hebei Province:[3]
Xuānhuà (宣化)
Chìchéng (赤城)
Wànquán (萬全)
Huáilái (懷來)
Yù (蔚)
Yángyuán (陽原)
Lóngguān (龍關)
Yánqìng (延慶)
Huái'ān (懷安)
Zhuōlù (涿鹿)
All banners belong to the Shilingol League (ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨᠭᠣᠤᠯ, 锡林郭勒盟).
From 1937 to 1945, it was occupied by Japan and made a part of Mengjiang, a Japanese-controlled region led by Mongol Prince Demchugdongrub of the Shilingol Alliance. The Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army Alliance (察哈爾民眾抗日同盟軍) was established in Kalgan on May 26, 1933 by Feng Yuxiang (馮玉祥) and Ji Hongchang (吉鴻昌).
Chahar Province was divided north-south by the Great Wall, with North Chahar being the larger in area and South Chahar, with the capital, Zhangjiakou, being far larger in population. It had an area of 278.957 km2 (107.706 sq mi). In North Chahar most of the land was part of the northeastern extension of the Gobi Desert.
^Zhangjiakou Subprefecture (Chinese: 張家口廳; pinyin: Zhāngjiākǒu Tīng), also known as the Zhang Capital (Chinese: 張垣; pinyin: Zhāng Yuán), and referred in some older Western literature as Kalgan (Хаалга: Mongolian for gate). Now Zhangjiakou City, Hebei.
References
^Yao, Xiguang (1908), 籌蒙芻議 [A Humble Suggestion on Planning of Mongolia], OCLC 32634034
^Facsimile reprinted in 1965 in Taipei by Wen-Hai Press OCLC 24615818
^ abAberle, David Friend; Vreeland, Herbert Harold (1957). Chahar and Dagor Mongol Bureaucratic Administration: 1912–1945 (2nd ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: HRAF Press. OCLC 7421313
chahar, province, province, republic, china察哈爾省, 1928, 1948, capital, changyuan, former, province, people, republic, china察哈尔省, qahar, province, 1948, 1952, capital, zhangjiakouchahar, mongolian, ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ, Чахар, traditional, chinese, 察哈爾, simplified, chinese, 察哈. province of the Republic of China察哈爾省 Chahar Province 1928 1948 Capital Changyuan a former province of the People s Republic of China察哈尔省 Qahar Province 1948 1952 Capital ZhangjiakouChahar Mongolian ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ Chahar traditional Chinese 察哈爾 simplified Chinese 察哈尔 pinyin Chaha er also known as Chaha er Chakhar or Qahar was a province of the Republic of China in existence from 1912 to 1936 mostly covering territory in what is part of Eastern Inner Mongolia It was named after the Chahar Mongols Contents 1 Administration and history 1 1 Republic of China era 1 2 1948 1952 2 Geography 2 1 Bordered 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesAdministration and history EditChahar Province is named after the Chahar a tribal group of the Mongols who live in that area The area was controlled in part or fully by various empires that ruled over China s north including the Han Tang Liao and Jin dynasties After the unification of the Mongol tribes under Genghis Khan the area came under Yuan rule After the Yuan dynasty 1271 1368 the area was a battleground between the Ming dynasty and Northern Yuan Then the Chahar tribe became the personal appanage of the monarchs of the Northern Yuan dynasty since the reign of Batumongke Dayan Khan r 1479 1517 By the Qing dynasty 1644 1912 Chahar was a Zhangyuan Special Region 張垣特區 although Yao Xiguang 姚錫光 proposed making Chahar a province as early as 1908 1 2 Republic of China era Edit In 1913 the second year of the Republic of China Chahar Special Administrative Region was created as a subdivision of Zhili Province containing 6 Banners and 11 counties 3 Zhangbei 張北 Duōlun 多倫 Gǔyuan 沽源 Shangdu 商都 Bǎochang 寶昌 Kangbǎo 康保 Xinghe 興和 Taolin 陶林 Jining 集寧 Fengzhen 豐鎮 Liangcheng 涼城 In 1928 it became a province The last five counties on the above list starting from Xinghe were partitioned to Suiyuan province And ten counties were included from Xuanhua Subprefecture 宣化府 Koubei Circuit 口北道 Hebei Province 3 Xuanhua 宣化 Chicheng 赤城 Wanquan 萬全 Huailai 懷來 Yu 蔚 Yangyuan 陽原 Longguan 龍關 Yanqing 延慶 Huai an 懷安 Zhuōlu 涿鹿 All banners belong to the Shilingol League ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ 锡林郭勒盟 From 1937 to 1945 it was occupied by Japan and made a part of Mengjiang a Japanese controlled region led by Mongol Prince Demchugdongrub of the Shilingol Alliance The Chahar People s Anti Japanese Army Alliance 察哈爾民眾抗日同盟軍 was established in Kalgan on May 26 1933 by Feng Yuxiang 馮玉祥 and Ji Hongchang 吉鴻昌 1948 1952 Edit In 1952 six years after becoming communist the province was abolished and divided into parts of Inner Mongolia Beijing Municipality and Hebei Name Administrative Seat Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin SubdivisionsZhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 张家口市 Zhangjiakǒu Shi noneDatong Datong 大同市 Datong Shi noneYanbei Division Datong County 雁北专区 Yanbei Zhuanqu 13 countiesQanan Division Xuanhua County 察南专区 Chanan Zhuanqu 11 countiesQabei Division Zhangbei County 察北专区 Chabei Zhuanqu 9 countiesGeography EditChahar Province was divided north south by the Great Wall with North Chahar being the larger in area and South Chahar with the capital Zhangjiakou being far larger in population It had an area of 278 957 km2 107 706 sq mi In North Chahar most of the land was part of the northeastern extension of the Gobi Desert Bordered Edit North Xing an North and West Mongolia West and South Suiyuan South Shanxi and Hebei East Rehe and LiaobeiSee also EditChinese irredentism TaiwanNotes Edit Zhangjiakou Subprefecture Chinese 張家口廳 pinyin Zhangjiakǒu Ting also known as the Zhang Capital Chinese 張垣 pinyin Zhang Yuan and referred in some older Western literature as Kalgan Haalga Mongolian for gate Now Zhangjiakou City Hebei References Edit Yao Xiguang 1908 籌蒙芻議 A Humble Suggestion on Planning of Mongolia OCLC 32634034 Facsimile reprinted in 1965 in Taipei by Wen Hai Press OCLC 24615818 a b Aberle David Friend Vreeland Herbert Harold 1957 Chahar and Dagor Mongol Bureaucratic Administration 1912 1945 2nd ed New Haven Connecticut HRAF Press OCLC 7421313 Coordinates 43 N 115 E 43 N 115 E 43 115 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chahar Province amp oldid 1118565840, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
