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Chabad customs and holidays

January 01, 1970

Chabad customs and holidays are the practices, rituals and holidays performed and celebrated by adherents of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement. The customs, or minhagim and prayer services are based on Lurianic kabbalah.[1] The holidays are celebrations of events in Chabad history. General Chabad customs, called minhagim, distinguish the movement from other Hasidic groups.

Customs edit

  • Forms of dress – Chabad males, starting from Bar Mitzvah age, mostly wear black fedoras. This is in contrast to other Hasidic groups who wear shtreimels, a type of fur hat. Chabad women, like other Orthodox Jews, wear clothing that conform to tzniut (Hebrew: צניעות, "modesty").[2][3]
  • Speech and language – Many Chabad Hasidim in English speaking countries speak both English and Yiddish.[4]
    • Dialects – Many American Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Lithuanian dialect.[5] However, many native Israeli Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Modern Israeli Hebrew dialect.[citation needed]
    • Linguistic features – English speaking adherents are thought to use a cluster of linguistic features including a “/t/ release” at the end of some words, borrowed Hebrew terms, and “chanting intonation contours”. This linguistic cluster forms a unique "learned, Orthodox style” used by male adherents, and to a lesser extent, by female adherents.[6]
    • Code-switching – In Chabad, code-switching, or the alternating between two or more languages in speech occurs among English speaking members of the movement. Chabad adherents switch between standard English and a "Jewish English" which is a Jewish variety of English with influences from Yiddish, textual Hebrew and modern Hebrew.[7]
  • Song and music – Like many other Hasidic groups, Chabad attaches importance to singing Chabad Hasidic nigunim (melodies), usually without words, and following precise customs of their leaders.[8][9] To Chabad followers, the niggun is a primary link between the mundane and divine realms.[10] Chabad followers also compose songs using lyrics and contemporary styles.[11][12]
    • Zemiros – Unlike other Orthodox communities, the Chabad prayerbook does not include Shabbos Zemiros, songs traditionally sung on the Sabbath. The Chabad community is thought to replace these songs with their own niggunim (wordless melodies), or with the recitation of Hasidic discourses.[13]
  • Daily study – Among the customs of the Chabad movement are schedules of daily study of Jewish religious works. These study schedules were often encouraged by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. They include:
  • Pregnancy – Chabad Hasidim refrain from publicizing a pregnancy until the woman has entered the fifth month.[17]
  • Bar Mitzvah – It is customary in Chabad communities for a child celebrating his Bar Mitzvah to recite the Chassidic discourse titled Isa b'Midrash Tehillim.[18]
  • Tefillin – The custom of Chabad males, starting from Bar Mitzvah age, is to don an additional pair of Tefillin, called "Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam".[19][20][21]
  • The Ten Commandments – It is customary in Chabad for all family members, even infants, to attend the reading of the Ten Commandments on the holiday of Shavuot.[22][23]
  • Passover – It is customary in Chabad communities, on passover, to limit contact of matzah (an unleavened bread eaten on passover) with water. This custom is called gebrokts (Yiddish: געבראָכטס, lit. 'broken'). However, on the last day of passover, it is customary to intentionally have matzah come in contact with water.[24]
    • The Four Questions – The Chabad custom for the order of the "Four Questions", a customary recitation where the child asks the parent what makes Passover unique, differs from the order in the standard Orthodox custom. The Chabad order is as follows: 1. Dipping the food 2. Eating matzah 3. Eating bitter herbs 4. Reclining.[25]
  • Chanukah – It is the custom of Chabad Hasidim to place the Chanukah menorah against the room's doorpost (and not on the windowsill).[26][27][28]
  • Synagogue readings — In some Lubavitcher congregations, the daily entry in the book Hayom Yom (a book of Hasidic sayings compiled by the seventh Chabad Rebbe) is read aloud after the morning service. This practice serves to provide words of guidance and inspiration as one prepares to leave the synagogue. This post-prayer reading seems to be a more common practice in Chabad communities in North and South America, and less common in Israel.[29]

Holidays edit

There are a number of days marked by the Chabad movement as special days. Major holidays include the liberation dates of the leaders of the movement, the Rebbes of Chabad, others corresponded to the leaders' birthdays, anniversaries of death, and other life events.

Some holidays overlap, as two events have occurred on the same day.

Liberation dates edit

 
Report of 10 Kislev Farbrengen in Švenčionys, Lithuania. (HaMelitz. 12 December 1882. P8.)

The leaders of the Chabad movement were, at times, subject to imprisonment by the Russian government. The days marking the leaders' release, are celebrated by the Chabad movement as "Days of Liberation" (Hebrew: יום גאולה (Yom Geulah)). There are three such events celebrated each year:

Birthdays edit

The birthdays of the movement's leaders are celebrated each year:

  • Chai Elul – (18 Elul) The birthday of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the founder of the Chabad movement (also the birthday of Rabbi Israel Baal ShemTov, the founder of the general hasidic movement).[34][35]
  • Tes Kislev – (9 Kislev) The birthday of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second rebbe of Chabad.[31]
  • Yud Aleph Nissan – (11 Nissan) The birthday of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh rebbe of Chabad.[36][37][38]
  • Beis Iyar – (2 Iyar) The birthday of Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn, the fourth rebbe.[39]
  • Chof Tes Elul - (29 Elul) The birthday of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, known as the Tzemach Tzedek, the third rebbe.
  • Chof Cheshvan - (20 Cheshvan) The birthday of Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneerson, the fifth rebbe.
  • Yud Beis Tammuz - (12 Tammuz) The birthday of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson, the sixth rebbe and father-in-law of the Rebbe.

Anniversaries of death edit

The anniversaries of death, or yartzeit, of several of the movement's leaders (and in one instance, the leader's wife), are celebrated each year:

Other events edit

Other significant Chabad holidays commemorate individual incidents involving the Chabad rebbes:

  • Rosh Chodesh Kislev (1 Kislev) – Marking Rabbi Menachem Mendel's recovery from a massive heart attack in 1977.[45]
  • Hei Teves (5 Tevet) – Marking the outcome of the court case over the ownership of the Chabad library, and the return of the stolen books.[46] (See Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad#"Hey Teves" lawsuit)
  • Tes Vav Elul (15 Elul) – Marking the founding of Tomchei Tmimim also known as "Chodorom".[34]
  • Yud Shevat (10 Shevat) - Marking the day that the seventh Rebbe of Lubavitch (Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schnerson) Accepted the Chabad Leadership in 1951(Also the date of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe's passing in 1950).[47]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Rabbi Isaac Luria. Chanad.org.
  2. ^ Modesty. Chabad.org.
  3. ^ Shop helps Orthodox girls balance modesty and style. ChrownHeights.info.
  4. ^ Yiddish still spoken here. Lubavitch.com.
  5. ^ Jochnowitz, George. “Bilingualism and dialect mixture among Lubavitcher Hasidic children.” American Speech 43, no. 3 (1968): 182-200.
  6. ^ [Benor, Sarah Bunin. “The Learned/t: Phonological Variation in Orthodox Jewish English.” Penn Working Papers in Linguistics: Selected Papers from NWAV 2000. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Department of Linguistics (2001): 1-16.]
  7. ^ Hefer, Gila. "The Use of Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy by the Lubavicher Emissaries Working with Jewish American Students: The Interaction Between Lubavicher Emissaries and their American Students." Studia Edukacyjne 37. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. (2015). Pages 349-361.
  8. ^ DovBer Pinson (2010-01-16). "Pinson, D: "Kabbalistic Music — The Niggun"". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  9. ^ Freeman, Tzvi. "Freeman, T: "Nigun"". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  10. ^ Koskoff, Ellen. "The Language of the Heart: Music in Lubavitcher Life. New World Hasidim: Ethnographic Studies of Hasidic Jews in America. Edited by Janet S. Belcove-Shalin. SUNY Press. (1995): pp. 91.
  11. ^ A transcript of a contemporary Chabad song
  12. ^ Chabad Songs. Kesser.org
  13. ^ Sefer Haminhagim: Shabbos Zemiros Sichos in English. sichosinenglish.org December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  15. ^ Sefer Haminhagim: The Book of Chabad-Lubavitch Customs
  16. ^ Maimonides Study Cycle
  17. ^ Conduct During Pregnancy. Chabad.org
  18. ^ "Customs Related to a Bar Mitzvah". Chabad.org.
  19. ^ Sefer HaSichos 5749, Vol. 2 p. 632; Likkutei Sichos, Vol. II, p. 507. See also Likkutei Sichos, Vol. XXVI, p. 404
  20. ^ Sefer Haminhagim: Bar Mitzva Sichos in English. sichosinenglish.org November 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Sefer Haminhagim: Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam Sichos in English. sichosinenglish.org December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "The Ten Commandments". Chabad.org.
  23. ^ "Tidbits on Torah A Treasure Beyond Compare". Chabad.org.
  24. ^ Gebrokts: Wetted Matzah. Chabad.org.
  25. ^ Cotler, Yisroel. Why Is Chabad’s Four Questions Different Than All Others’? Chabad.org..
  26. ^ Chanukah. Sefer Haminhagim. SichosinEnglish.org.
  27. ^ Schneersohn, Shalom Dovber. Tanu Rabbanan: Ner Chanukah Sichos In English, N.Y., 1990.
  28. ^ Laws and Customs of Chanukah. CrownHeights.info.
  29. ^ ""Today is the Day" - Reading Between the Lines of the Lubavitcher Rebbe's Holocaust Era Calendar". www.chabad.org.
  30. ^ a b Chabad Customs. Kehot Publication Society. Sichosinenglish.org
  31. ^ a b c Sefer Haminhagim. Sichosinenglish.org. December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Gimmel Tammuz. Sefer Haminghagim. Sichos in English. sichosinenglish.org. December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Yud Beis-Yud Gimmel Tammuz. Chabad.org.
  34. ^ a b Dalfin, Chaim "Chabad Elul Customs". Shmais.com.
  35. ^ "Chai Elul". Chabad.org.
  36. ^ Dade Jews throw birthday party for New York Rabbi, David Hancock, Miami Herald, April 14, 1992
  37. ^ The Rabbi on the hill, David O'Reilly, The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 28, 1984
  38. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  39. ^ Beis Iyar. Sefer Haminghagim. Sichos in English. sichosinenglish.org. December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ Chof Daled Teves. Chabad.org.
  41. ^ Chassidim unite in Chicago for Chof Daled Teves. CrownHeights.info.
  42. ^ a b Yahrtzeit Observances. Chabad.org.
  43. ^ Chof Beis Shvat. Chabad.info. December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ A Brief Biography. Chabad.org.
  45. ^ Rosh Chodesh Kislev. Torah4Blind.org.
  46. ^ Hey Teves. Shturem.org.
  47. ^ Chabad.org.

January 01, 1970
chabad, customs, holidays, practices, rituals, holidays, performed, celebrated, adherents, chabad, lubavitch, hasidic, movement, customs, minhagim, prayer, services, based, lurianic, kabbalah, holidays, celebrations, events, chabad, history, general, chabad, c. Chabad customs and holidays are the practices rituals and holidays performed and celebrated by adherents of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement The customs or minhagim and prayer services are based on Lurianic kabbalah 1 The holidays are celebrations of events in Chabad history General Chabad customs called minhagim distinguish the movement from other Hasidic groups Contents 1 Customs 2 Holidays 2 1 Liberation dates 2 2 Birthdays 2 3 Anniversaries of death 2 4 Other events 3 See also 4 ReferencesCustoms editForms of dress Chabad males starting from Bar Mitzvah age mostly wear black fedoras This is in contrast to other Hasidic groups who wear shtreimels a type of fur hat Chabad women like other Orthodox Jews wear clothing that conform to tzniut Hebrew צניעות modesty 2 3 Speech and language Many Chabad Hasidim in English speaking countries speak both English and Yiddish 4 Dialects Many American Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Lithuanian dialect 5 However many native Israeli Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Modern Israeli Hebrew dialect citation needed Linguistic features English speaking adherents are thought to use a cluster of linguistic features including a t release at the end of some words borrowed Hebrew terms and chanting intonation contours This linguistic cluster forms a unique learned Orthodox style used by male adherents and to a lesser extent by female adherents 6 Code switching In Chabad code switching or the alternating between two or more languages in speech occurs among English speaking members of the movement Chabad adherents switch between standard English and a Jewish English which is a Jewish variety of English with influences from Yiddish textual Hebrew and modern Hebrew 7 Song and music Like many other Hasidic groups Chabad attaches importance to singing Chabad Hasidic nigunim melodies usually without words and following precise customs of their leaders 8 9 To Chabad followers the niggun is a primary link between the mundane and divine realms 10 Chabad followers also compose songs using lyrics and contemporary styles 11 12 Zemiros Unlike other Orthodox communities the Chabad prayerbook does not include Shabbos Zemiros songs traditionally sung on the Sabbath The Chabad community is thought to replace these songs with their own niggunim wordless melodies or with the recitation of Hasidic discourses 13 Daily study Among the customs of the Chabad movement are schedules of daily study of Jewish religious works These study schedules were often encouraged by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson They include Chitas selected portions of the Torah Psalms and Tanya the central book of Chabad theology The practice was founded by Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn 14 15 Rambam selected portions from either Maimonides s Mishneh Torah Yad Hachazakah or his Sefer Hamitzvot The practice was founded by Menachem Mendel Schneersohn 16 Pregnancy Chabad Hasidim refrain from publicizing a pregnancy until the woman has entered the fifth month 17 Bar Mitzvah It is customary in Chabad communities for a child celebrating his Bar Mitzvah to recite the Chassidic discourse titled Isa b Midrash Tehillim 18 Tefillin The custom of Chabad males starting from Bar Mitzvah age is to don an additional pair of Tefillin called Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam 19 20 21 The Ten Commandments It is customary in Chabad for all family members even infants to attend the reading of the Ten Commandments on the holiday of Shavuot 22 23 Passover It is customary in Chabad communities on passover to limit contact of matzah an unleavened bread eaten on passover with water This custom is called gebrokts Yiddish געברא כטס lit broken However on the last day of passover it is customary to intentionally have matzah come in contact with water 24 The Four Questions The Chabad custom for the order of the Four Questions a customary recitation where the child asks the parent what makes Passover unique differs from the order in the standard Orthodox custom The Chabad order is as follows 1 Dipping the food 2 Eating matzah 3 Eating bitter herbs 4 Reclining 25 Chanukah It is the custom of Chabad Hasidim to place the Chanukah menorah against the room s doorpost and not on the windowsill 26 27 28 Synagogue readings In some Lubavitcher congregations the daily entry in the book Hayom Yom a book of Hasidic sayings compiled by the seventh Chabad Rebbe is read aloud after the morning service This practice serves to provide words of guidance and inspiration as one prepares to leave the synagogue This post prayer reading seems to be a more common practice in Chabad communities in North and South America and less common in Israel 29 Holidays editThere are a number of days marked by the Chabad movement as special days Major holidays include the liberation dates of the leaders of the movement the Rebbes of Chabad others corresponded to the leaders birthdays anniversaries of death and other life events Some holidays overlap as two events have occurred on the same day Liberation dates edit nbsp Report of 10 Kislev Farbrengen in Svencionys Lithuania HaMelitz 12 December 1882 P8 The leaders of the Chabad movement were at times subject to imprisonment by the Russian government The days marking the leaders release are celebrated by the Chabad movement as Days of Liberation Hebrew יום גאולה Yom Geulah There are three such events celebrated each year Yud Tes Kislev 19 Kislev The liberation of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi the founder of the Chabad movement The day is also called the New Year of Hasidism 30 Yud Kislev 10 Kislev The liberation of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri the second rebbe of Chabad 31 Gimmel Tammuz 3 Tammuz The initial liberation of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn the sixth rebbe of Chabad 32 Yud Beis Yud Gimmel Tammuz 12 13 Tammuz The final liberation of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn the sixth rebbe of Chabad 33 Birthdays edit The birthdays of the movement s leaders are celebrated each year Chai Elul 18 Elul The birthday of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi the founder of the Chabad movement also the birthday of Rabbi Israel Baal ShemTov the founder of the general hasidic movement 34 35 Tes Kislev 9 Kislev The birthday of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri the second rebbe of Chabad 31 Yud Aleph Nissan 11 Nissan The birthday of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson the seventh rebbe of Chabad 36 37 38 Beis Iyar 2 Iyar The birthday of Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn the fourth rebbe 39 Chof Tes Elul 29 Elul The birthday of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson known as the Tzemach Tzedek the third rebbe Chof Cheshvan 20 Cheshvan The birthday of Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneerson the fifth rebbe Yud Beis Tammuz 12 Tammuz The birthday of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson the sixth rebbe and father in law of the Rebbe Anniversaries of death edit The anniversaries of death or yartzeit of several of the movement s leaders and in one instance the leader s wife are celebrated each year Chof Daled Teves 24 Tevet The yartzeit of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi the founder of the Chabad movement 40 41 Tes Kislev 9 Kislev The yartzeit of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri the second rebbe of Chabad 30 31 Yud Gimmel Nissan 13 Nissan The Yahrtzeit of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third rebbe of chabad Yud Gimmel Tishrei 13 Tishrei The Yahrtzeit of Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn the fourth rebbe of chabad Beis Nissan 2 Nissan The Yahrtzeit of Rabbi Sholom DovBer Schneersohn the fifth rebbe of chabad Yud Shvat 10 Shvat The yartzeit of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn the sixth rebbe of Chabad 42 Chof Beis Shvat 22 Shvat The yartzeit of Chaya Mushka Schneerson the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson 43 Gimmel Tammuz The yartzeit of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson the seventh rebbe of Chabad 42 44 Other events edit Other significant Chabad holidays commemorate individual incidents involving the Chabad rebbes Rosh Chodesh Kislev 1 Kislev Marking Rabbi Menachem Mendel s recovery from a massive heart attack in 1977 45 Hei Teves 5 Tevet Marking the outcome of the court case over the ownership of the Chabad library and the return of the stolen books 46 See Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad Hey Teves lawsuit Tes Vav Elul 15 Elul Marking the founding of Tomchei Tmimim also known as Chodorom 34 Yud Shevat 10 Shevat Marking the day that the seventh Rebbe of Lubavitch Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schnerson Accepted the Chabad Leadership in 1951 Also the date of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe s passing in 1950 47 See also editChabad Jewish customsReferences edit Rabbi Isaac Luria Chanad org Modesty Chabad org Shop helps Orthodox girls balance modesty and style ChrownHeights info Yiddish still spoken here Lubavitch com Jochnowitz George Bilingualism and dialect mixture among Lubavitcher Hasidic children American Speech 43 no 3 1968 182 200 Benor Sarah Bunin The Learned t Phonological Variation in Orthodox Jewish English Penn Working Papers in Linguistics Selected Papers from NWAV 2000 Philadelphia Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Department of Linguistics 2001 1 16 Hefer Gila The Use of Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy by the Lubavicher Emissaries Working with Jewish American Students The Interaction Between Lubavicher Emissaries and their American Students Studia Edukacyjne 37 Adam Mickiewicz University Press 2015 Pages 349 361 DovBer Pinson 2010 01 16 Pinson D Kabbalistic Music The Niggun Chabad org Retrieved 2010 05 12 Freeman Tzvi Freeman T Nigun Chabad org Retrieved 2010 05 12 Koskoff Ellen The Language of the Heart Music in Lubavitcher Life New World Hasidim Ethnographic Studies of Hasidic Jews in America Edited by Janet S Belcove Shalin SUNY Press 1995 pp 91 A transcript of a contemporary Chabad song Chabad Songs Kesser org Sefer Haminhagim Shabbos Zemiros Sichos in English sichosinenglish org Archived December 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine What is Chitas Archived from the original on 2007 12 13 Retrieved 2014 01 31 Sefer Haminhagim The Book of Chabad Lubavitch Customs Maimonides Study Cycle Conduct During Pregnancy Chabad org Customs Related to a Bar Mitzvah Chabad org Sefer HaSichos 5749 Vol 2 p 632 Likkutei Sichos Vol II p 507 See also Likkutei Sichos Vol XXVI p 404 Sefer Haminhagim Bar Mitzva Sichos in English sichosinenglish org Archived November 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine Sefer Haminhagim Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam Sichos in English sichosinenglish org Archived December 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Ten Commandments Chabad org Tidbits on Torah A Treasure Beyond Compare Chabad org Gebrokts Wetted Matzah Chabad org Cotler Yisroel Why Is Chabad s Four Questions Different Than All Others Chabad org Chanukah Sefer Haminhagim SichosinEnglish org Schneersohn Shalom Dovber Tanu Rabbanan Ner Chanukah Sichos In English N Y 1990 Laws and Customs of Chanukah CrownHeights info Today is the Day Reading Between the Lines of the Lubavitcher Rebbe s Holocaust Era Calendar www chabad org a b Chabad Customs Kehot Publication Society Sichosinenglish org a b c Sefer Haminhagim Sichosinenglish org Archived December 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine Gimmel Tammuz Sefer Haminghagim Sichos in English sichosinenglish org Archived December 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine Yud Beis Yud Gimmel Tammuz Chabad org a b Dalfin Chaim Chabad Elul Customs Shmais com Chai Elul Chabad org Dade Jews throw birthday party for New York Rabbi David Hancock Miami Herald April 14 1992 The Rabbi on the hill David O Reilly The Philadelphia Inquirer April 28 1984 Tzivos Hashem annual events page Archived from the original on 2007 12 17 Retrieved 2014 02 02 Beis Iyar Sefer Haminghagim Sichos in English sichosinenglish org Archived December 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine Chof Daled Teves Chabad org Chassidim unite in Chicago for Chof Daled Teves CrownHeights info a b Yahrtzeit Observances Chabad org Chof Beis Shvat Chabad info Archived December 16 2013 at the Wayback Machine A Brief Biography Chabad org Rosh Chodesh Kislev Torah4Blind org Hey Teves Shturem org Chabad org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chabad customs and holidays amp oldid 1200426959, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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