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Cesare Emiliani

January 01, 1970

Cesare Emiliani (8 December 1922 – 20 July 1995) was an Italian-American scientist, geologist, micropaleontologist, and founder of paleoceanography, developing the timescale of marine isotope stages, which despite modifications remains in use today.

Cesare Emiliani
Emiliani in the early 1950s
Born8 December 1922
Bologna, Italy
Died20 July 1995(1995-07-20) (aged 72)
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, U.S.
NationalityItalian
CitizenshipItaly and United States
Alma materUniversity of Bologna
University of Chicago
Known forDeveloping the timescale of marine isotope stages
Spouse
Rosita
​
(m. 1951)​
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

He established that the ice ages of the last half million years or so are a cyclic phenomenon, which gave strong support to the hypothesis of Milankovitch and revolutionized ideas about the history of the oceans and of the glaciations. He was also the proponent of Project "LOCO" (for Long Cores) to the U.S. National Science Foundation. The project was a success providing evidence of the history of the oceans and also serving to test the hypotheses of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.

Cesare Emiliani was honored by having the genus Emiliania erected as home for the taxon huxleyi, which had previously been assigned to Coccolithus. He was further honored by receiving the Vega Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (SSAG) (Swedish: Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi) in 1983, and the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1989 for his isotopic studies on Pleistocene and Holocene planktic foraminifera.

In his later years, he dedicated a great deal of time to promoting a calendar reform based on the Holocene calendar (HE) concept to eliminate the BC–AD chronology gap caused by the lack of a year 0.

Biography edit

Cesare Emiliani was born in Bologna, Italy. His parents were Luigi and Maria (Manfredini) Emiliani.

Emiliani studied geology at the University of Bologna in post-war Italy and earned his degree in Geology (micropaleontology) also at Bologna in 1945. After graduation he worked as a micropaleontologist with the Società Idrocarburi Nazionali in Florence from 1946–48. In 1948 he was offered and accepted the Rollin D. Salisbury Fellowship in the Department of Geology at the University of Chicago where he subsequently obtained his PhD in Geology (isotopic paleoclimatology) in 1950. From 1950 to 1956 he was Research Associate in Harold Urey’s Geochemistry Laboratory in the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago.

In 1957 Cesare Emiliani was working on Foraminifera (microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record) and was particularly interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age. He was sure these tiny shells deposited in the ubiquitous ooze that coats the sea bottom held important clues. For that reason he was looking at the time for a place to work where there were ships and trained personnel to help him to obtain core samples of the deep-sea sediments for his studies. An interview with Dr. Walton Smith convinced Cesare that the University of Miami’s Institute of Marine Science, which was renamed the Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, was the right place to conduct his research and thus he moved there that same year. In 1967 he was named Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geophysics at the Institute. At that time he organized the department of Geological Sciences on the main campus of the University of Miami and remained its Chairman until his retirement in 1993.

He died in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida in 1995. Memorial tributes were written by colleagues.[1][2]

Works edit

Popular edit

  • Emiliani, Cesare. (1992). Planet Earth : Cosmology, Geology, & the Evolution of Life & the Environment. Cambridge University Press. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0-521-40949-7)
  • Emiliani, Cesare. (1995). The Scientific Companion : Exploring the Physical World with Facts, Figures, and Formulas (Wiley Popular Science) (2nd Edition). Wiley. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0-471-13324-8)
  • Emiliani, Cesare. (1993). Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford University Press. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0-19-503652-2)

Scientific edit

  • Emiliani C (1954) Depth habitats of some species of pelagic foraminifera as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios. American Journal of Science 252:149–158
  • Emiliani C (1954) Temperature of Pacific bottom waters and polar superficial waters during the Tertiary. Science 119:853–855
  • Emiliani C (1956) Oligocene and Miocene temperature of the equatorial and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geology 64:281–288
  • Emiliani C (1956) On paleotemperatures of Pacific bottom waters. Science 123:460–461
  • Emiliani C (1957) Temperature and age analysis of deepsea cores. Science 125:383–385
  • Emiliani C (1961) The temperature decrease of surface water in high latitudes and of abyssal-hadal water in open oceanic basins during the past 75 million years. Deep-Sea Research 8:144–147
  • Emiliani C (1965) Precipitous continental clopes and considerations on the transitional crust. Science 147:145–148
  • Emiliani C (1966) Isotopic paleotemperatures. Science 154: 851–857
  • Emiliani C (1966). Paleotemperature analysis of Caribbean cores P6304-8 and P6304-9 and a generalized temperature curve for the past 425,000 years. Journal of Geology 74:109–124
  • Emiliani C (1968) The Pleistocene epoch and the evolution of man. Current Anthropology 9:27–47
  • Emiliani C (1969) Interglacials, high sea levels and the control of Greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes. Science 166:1503–1504
  • Emiliani C (1969) A new paleontology. Micropaleontology 15:265–300
  • Emiliani C (1970) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 168:822–825
  • Emiliani C (1971) The amplitude of Pleistocene climatic cycles at low latitudes and the isotopic composition of glacial ice. In: Turekian KK (ed) Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp 183–197
  • Emiliani C (1971) Depth habitats and growth stages of pelagic formanifera. Science 173:1122–1124
  • Emiliani C (1971) Paleotemperature variations across the Plio-Pleistocene boundary at the type section. Science 171:600–602
  • Emiliani C (1978) The cause of the ice ages. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 37:347–354
  • Emiliani C (1981) A new global geology. In: Emiliani C (ed) The Oceanic Lithosphere. The Sea (8th edn). Vol. 7. New York: Wiley Interscience, pp 1687–738
  • Emiliani C (1982) Extinctive evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 97:13–33
  • Emiliani C (1987) Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Emiliani C (1988) The Scientific Companion. New York: Wiley
  • Emiliani C (1989) The new geology or the old role of the geological sciences in science education. Journal of Geological Education 37:327–331
  • Emiliani C (1991) Avogadro number and mole: a royal confusion. Journal of Geological Education 39:31–33
  • Emiliani C (1991) Planktic et al. Marine Micropaleontology 18:3
  • Emiliani C (1991) Planktic/planktonic, nektic/nektonic, benthic/benthonic. Journal of Paleontology 65:329
  • Emiliani C, Ericson DB (1991) The glacial/interglacial temperature range of the surface water of the ocean at low latitudes. In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 223–228
  • Emiliani C (1992) The Moon as a piece of Mercury. Geologische Rundschau 81:791–794
  • Emiliani C (1992) Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the Evolution of Life and Environment. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Emiliani C (1992) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 257:1188–1189
  • Emiliani C (1993) Milankovitch theory verified; discussion. Nature 364:583
  • Emiliani C (1993) Calendar reform. Nature 366:716
  • Emiliani C (1993) Extinction and viruses. BioSystems 31:155–159
  • Emiliani C (1993) Paleoecological implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes: Comment. Geology 21:1151–1152
  • Emiliani C (1993) Viral extinctions in deep-sea species. Nature 366:217–218
  • Emiliani C (1995) Redefinition of atomic mass unit, Avogadro constant, and mole. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59:1205–1206
  • Emiliani C (1995) Tropical paleotemperatures: discussion. Science 268:1264
  • Emiliani C, Edwards G (1953) Tertiary ocean bottom temperatures. Nature 171:887–888
  • Emiliani C, Elliott I (1995) Vatican confusion. Nature 375:530
  • Emiliani C, Epstein S (1953) Temperature variations in the lower Pleistocene of Southern California. Journal of Geology 61:171–181
  • Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B (1972) Neogene sedimentation on the Blake Plateau and the emergence of the Central American Isthmus. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 11:1–10
  • Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B, Eldridge K, Elvey DK, Huang PC, Stipp JJ, Swanson M (1975) Paleoclimatological analysis of late Quaternary cores from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Science 189:1083–1088
  • Emiliani C, Geiss J (1959) On glaciations and their causes. Geologische Rundschau 46:576–601
  • Emiliani C, Harrison CG, Swanson M (1969) Underground nuclear explosions and the control of earthquakes. Science 165:1255–1256
  • Emiliani C, Kraus EB, Shoemaker EM (1981) Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55:327–334
  • Emiliani C, Mayeda T, Selli R (1961) Paleotemperature analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene section at le Castella, Calabria, southern Italy. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72:679–688
  • Emiliani C, Milliman JD (1966) Deep-sea sediments and their geological record. Earth-Science Reviews 1:105–132
  • Emiliani C, Price DA, Seipp J (1991) Is the Postglacial artificial? In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 229–231
  • Emiliani C, Shackleton NJ (1974) The Brunhes Epoch: paleotemperature and geochronology. Science 183:511–514

References edit

  1. ^ Lidz, Barbara H. (November 1995). "A tribute to Cesare Emiliani—Eminent scholar, professor, and friend". Marine Micropaleontology. 25 (4): 219–220. doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)90000-4.
  2. ^ Hay, W. W.; Zakevich, E (March 1999). "Cesare Emiliani (1922-1995): the founder of paleoceanography". International Microbiology. 2 (1): 52–4. PMID 10943392.

External links edit

  • Oral history interview transcript with Cesare Emiliani and Donald R. Moore on 29 March 1990, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

January 01, 1970
cesare, emiliani, december, 1922, july, 1995, italian, american, scientist, geologist, micropaleontologist, founder, paleoceanography, developing, timescale, marine, isotope, stages, which, despite, modifications, remains, today, emiliani, early, 1950sborn8, d. Cesare Emiliani 8 December 1922 20 July 1995 was an Italian American scientist geologist micropaleontologist and founder of paleoceanography developing the timescale of marine isotope stages which despite modifications remains in use today Cesare EmilianiEmiliani in the early 1950sBorn8 December 1922Bologna ItalyDied20 July 1995 1995 07 20 aged 72 Palm Beach Gardens Florida U S NationalityItalianCitizenshipItaly and United StatesAlma materUniversity of Bologna University of ChicagoKnown forDeveloping the timescale of marine isotope stagesSpouseRosita m 1951 wbr Children2AwardsVega Medal 1983 Alexander Agassiz Medal 1989 Scientific careerFieldsGeologymicropaleontologypaleoceanographyInstitutionsEnrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies University of Chicago University of Miami He established that the ice ages of the last half million years or so are a cyclic phenomenon which gave strong support to the hypothesis of Milankovitch and revolutionized ideas about the history of the oceans and of the glaciations He was also the proponent of Project LOCO for Long Cores to the U S National Science Foundation The project was a success providing evidence of the history of the oceans and also serving to test the hypotheses of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics Cesare Emiliani was honored by having the genus Emiliania erected as home for the taxon huxleyi which had previously been assigned to Coccolithus He was further honored by receiving the Vega Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography SSAG Swedish Svenska Sallskapet for Antropologi och Geografi in 1983 and the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U S National Academy of Sciences in 1989 for his isotopic studies on Pleistocene and Holocene planktic foraminifera In his later years he dedicated a great deal of time to promoting a calendar reform based on the Holocene calendar HE concept to eliminate the BC AD chronology gap caused by the lack of a year 0 Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 Popular 2 2 Scientific 3 References 4 External linksBiography editCesare Emiliani was born in Bologna Italy His parents were Luigi and Maria Manfredini Emiliani Emiliani studied geology at the University of Bologna in post war Italy and earned his degree in Geology micropaleontology also at Bologna in 1945 After graduation he worked as a micropaleontologist with the Societa Idrocarburi Nazionali in Florence from 1946 48 In 1948 he was offered and accepted the Rollin D Salisbury Fellowship in the Department of Geology at the University of Chicago where he subsequently obtained his PhD in Geology isotopic paleoclimatology in 1950 From 1950 to 1956 he was Research Associate in Harold Urey s Geochemistry Laboratory in the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago In 1957 Cesare Emiliani was working on Foraminifera microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record and was particularly interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age He was sure these tiny shells deposited in the ubiquitous ooze that coats the sea bottom held important clues For that reason he was looking at the time for a place to work where there were ships and trained personnel to help him to obtain core samples of the deep sea sediments for his studies An interview with Dr Walton Smith convinced Cesare that the University of Miami s Institute of Marine Science which was renamed the Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science was the right place to conduct his research and thus he moved there that same year In 1967 he was named Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geophysics at the Institute At that time he organized the department of Geological Sciences on the main campus of the University of Miami and remained its Chairman until his retirement in 1993 He died in Palm Beach Gardens Florida in 1995 Memorial tributes were written by colleagues 1 2 Works editPopular edit Emiliani Cesare 1992 Planet Earth Cosmology Geology amp the Evolution of Life amp the Environment Cambridge University Press Paperback Edition ISBN 0 521 40949 7 Emiliani Cesare 1995 The Scientific Companion Exploring the Physical World with Facts Figures and Formulas Wiley Popular Science 2nd Edition Wiley Paperback Edition ISBN 0 471 13324 8 Emiliani Cesare 1993 Dictionary of Physical Sciences Oxford University Press Paperback Edition ISBN 0 19 503652 2 Scientific edit Emiliani C 1954 Depth habitats of some species of pelagic foraminifera as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios American Journal of Science 252 149 158 Emiliani C 1954 Temperature of Pacific bottom waters and polar superficial waters during the Tertiary Science 119 853 855 Emiliani C 1956 Oligocene and Miocene temperature of the equatorial and subtropical Atlantic Ocean Journal of Geology 64 281 288 Emiliani C 1956 On paleotemperatures of Pacific bottom waters Science 123 460 461 Emiliani C 1957 Temperature and age analysis of deepsea cores Science 125 383 385 Emiliani C 1961 The temperature decrease of surface water in high latitudes and of abyssal hadal water in open oceanic basins during the past 75 million years Deep Sea Research 8 144 147 Emiliani C 1965 Precipitous continental clopes and considerations on the transitional crust Science 147 145 148 Emiliani C 1966 Isotopic paleotemperatures Science 154 851 857 Emiliani C 1966 Paleotemperature analysis of Caribbean cores P6304 8 and P6304 9 and a generalized temperature curve for the past 425 000 years Journal of Geology 74 109 124 Emiliani C 1968 The Pleistocene epoch and the evolution of man Current Anthropology 9 27 47 Emiliani C 1969 Interglacials high sea levels and the control of Greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes Science 166 1503 1504 Emiliani C 1969 A new paleontology Micropaleontology 15 265 300 Emiliani C 1970 Pleistocene paleotemperatures Science 168 822 825 Emiliani C 1971 The amplitude of Pleistocene climatic cycles at low latitudes and the isotopic composition of glacial ice In Turekian KK ed Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages New Haven CT Yale University Press pp 183 197 Emiliani C 1971 Depth habitats and growth stages of pelagic formanifera Science 173 1122 1124 Emiliani C 1971 Paleotemperature variations across the Plio Pleistocene boundary at the type section Science 171 600 602 Emiliani C 1978 The cause of the ice ages Earth and Planetary Science Letters 37 347 354 Emiliani C 1981 A new global geology In Emiliani C ed The Oceanic Lithosphere The Sea 8th edn Vol 7 New York Wiley Interscience pp 1687 738 Emiliani C 1982 Extinctive evolution Journal of Theoretical Biology 97 13 33 Emiliani C 1987 Dictionary of Physical Sciences Oxford Oxford University Press Emiliani C 1988 The Scientific Companion New York Wiley Emiliani C 1989 The new geology or the old role of the geological sciences in science education Journal of Geological Education 37 327 331 Emiliani C 1991 Avogadro number and mole a royal confusion Journal of Geological Education 39 31 33 Emiliani C 1991 Planktic et al Marine Micropaleontology 18 3 Emiliani C 1991 Planktic planktonic nektic nektonic benthic benthonic Journal of Paleontology 65 329 Emiliani C Ericson DB 1991 The glacial interglacial temperature range of the surface water of the ocean at low latitudes In Taylor HP O Neil JR Kaplan IR eds Special Publication Stable Isotope Geochemistry A Tribute to Samuel Epstein Pennsylvania Geochemical Society University Park pp 223 228 Emiliani C 1992 The Moon as a piece of Mercury Geologische Rundschau 81 791 794 Emiliani C 1992 Planet Earth Cosmology Geology and the Evolution of Life and Environment New York Cambridge University Press Emiliani C 1992 Pleistocene paleotemperatures Science 257 1188 1189 Emiliani C 1993 Milankovitch theory verified discussion Nature 364 583 Emiliani C 1993 Calendar reform Nature 366 716 Emiliani C 1993 Extinction and viruses BioSystems 31 155 159 Emiliani C 1993 Paleoecological implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes Comment Geology 21 1151 1152 Emiliani C 1993 Viral extinctions in deep sea species Nature 366 217 218 Emiliani C 1995 Redefinition of atomic mass unit Avogadro constant and mole Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 1205 1206 Emiliani C 1995 Tropical paleotemperatures discussion Science 268 1264 Emiliani C Edwards G 1953 Tertiary ocean bottom temperatures Nature 171 887 888 Emiliani C Elliott I 1995 Vatican confusion Nature 375 530 Emiliani C Epstein S 1953 Temperature variations in the lower Pleistocene of Southern California Journal of Geology 61 171 181 Emiliani C Gartner S Lidz B 1972 Neogene sedimentation on the Blake Plateau and the emergence of the Central American Isthmus Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 11 1 10 Emiliani C Gartner S Lidz B Eldridge K Elvey DK Huang PC Stipp JJ Swanson M 1975 Paleoclimatological analysis of late Quaternary cores from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico Science 189 1083 1088 Emiliani C Geiss J 1959 On glaciations and their causes Geologische Rundschau 46 576 601 Emiliani C Harrison CG Swanson M 1969 Underground nuclear explosions and the control of earthquakes Science 165 1255 1256 Emiliani C Kraus EB Shoemaker EM 1981 Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55 327 334 Emiliani C Mayeda T Selli R 1961 Paleotemperature analysis of the Plio Pleistocene section at le Castella Calabria southern Italy Geological Society of America Bulletin 72 679 688 Emiliani C Milliman JD 1966 Deep sea sediments and their geological record Earth Science Reviews 1 105 132 Emiliani C Price DA Seipp J 1991 Is the Postglacial artificial In Taylor HP O Neil JR Kaplan IR eds Special Publication Stable Isotope Geochemistry A Tribute to Samuel Epstein Pennsylvania Geochemical Society University Park pp 229 231 Emiliani C Shackleton NJ 1974 The Brunhes Epoch paleotemperature and geochronology Science 183 511 514References edit Lidz Barbara H November 1995 A tribute to Cesare Emiliani Eminent scholar professor and friend Marine Micropaleontology 25 4 219 220 doi 10 1016 0377 8398 95 90000 4 Hay W W Zakevich E March 1999 Cesare Emiliani 1922 1995 the founder of paleoceanography International Microbiology 2 1 52 4 PMID 10943392 http www soes soton ac uk staff tt eh ce htmlExternal links editOral history interview transcript with Cesare Emiliani and Donald R Moore on 29 March 1990 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library amp Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cesare Emiliani amp oldid 1211359138, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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